传统文化的时代性和武术运动的综合创造

强调传统文化的时代性对武术有重要的意义，吸收古今中外文化系统的组成要素和结构形式。对武术进行综合创造是武术发展的正确道路。竞技武术应向有利于竞赛、有利于向国际推广和提高观赏性的方向发展。对武术技击特点和民族特点继承的重任，将主要由在民间流传的武术来承担。民间武术的发展应使它更有利于人们的练习和满足人们的喜好。     

从武术入奥失利引发的文化思考

武术入奥失利引发了众多思考。从体育的一般表现形式、科学的角度看东西方体育文化的差异，认为东西方文化的差异才是武术入奥失利的根本原因。武术发展要克服文化自卑，加强民族文化自信，选准一条适合自己发展的道路。     

从现代奥林匹克的复兴看中国竞技武术的奥林匹克之旅

本文运用虑较法、个案研究法等，从现代奥林匹克复兴的分析中，提出了中国竞技武术在进入奥林匹克大家庭中应该予以重视的一系列策略：(1)武术进入奥运会，不仅仅是技术层面的工作，而应该是对武术全方位的更新；为此，一方面应发掘武术“和谐、和平、完美”的文化内核，另一方面要保持武术现代化“离异“和“回归”的合理张力。(2)把握武术本质特征，用“奥卡姆剃刀”对传统武术技击进行“削枝强干”式文化手术，并根据技术简化和规范的要求，寻求武术技击现代发展的新突破。(3)在武术全球化中应积极扬弃武术现代化中出现的异化——标准化和形式化，克服对武术竞技“裁判导向”认知方式的片面性，形成具有中国民族特色、“观众导向”的武术发展新思路。(4)培养与武术全球发展相应的国际气度，调动一切积极因素，形成多方合作长期发展的武术全球发展模式。     

武术奥运之路的文化思考

武术在奥运之路的进程中面临了“保持传统”与“继续西化”的两难境地,在选择“文化之路”还是“体育之路”中,中国武术依然选择了“全盘西化”的“奥林匹克”之路。但武术是一个体系庞大的文化体系,在力争进入奥林匹克之时,一定要注重自身的文化特色和尊严,按照自身的发展规律渐进而行。鉴于武术的多元性,武术的发展也需要多条道路,既要重视“体育之路”,更要重视“文化之路”。     

非物质文化遗产语境下的峨眉地域武术发展

文章从非物质文化遗产视角,对峨眉地域武术的非物质文化遗产特点进行了分析。峨眉地域武术具有悠久的历史传统与文化内涵,为进入非物质文化遗产保护范畴与视野提供了基础和可能。峨眉武术技术传承的特殊性与身体技术的文化传承方式,彰显了非物质文化要素的特点。峨眉地域武术的发展更多是一种文化层面的保护与发展,因此,在文化语境中去推动峨眉武术的非物质文化遗产保护工作,做到利益与实效有机结合,是今后峨眉地域武术在非物质文化遗产保护发展道路上的重要工作。     

门户之见、宗派主义是影响武术发展的重大障碍

武术文化中有许多精华值得吸取和发扬光大，但是门户之见、宗派主义却是其中的糟粕部分，是影响武术发展的重大障碍，对其必须予以批判。     

问题视阈中的峨嵋武术文化

峨嵋武术是“峨嵋山、乐山大佛”——这一世界自然与文化遗产中的重要组成部分,是世界文化遗产中的瑰宝。峨嵋文化也是中国武术文化的重要组成部分,与少林、武当、太极齐名,在武术大家族中具有重要的地位。峨嵋武术文化在中国民族传统文化滋润下而成长,承载着中华文化的结晶。在中西文化相互冲撞与融合的今天,如何构建峨嵋武术文化,怎样看待峨嵋武术文化在发展中所出现的问题,将是本文探讨的重点。文章通过文献资料研究法,对峨嵋武术文化在发展道路上关于特色文化的构建、现今峨嵋武术发展中所出现的问题与对策、语言的弊病、武术氛围的制造等进行了论述。     

中国武术的文化特色

中国武术在文化上具有求道性、形式多样、打练结合三个特点,这是武术与世界上其他武技的区别,武术国际化道路应从此下手进行研究。     

我国武术产业研究现状分析

武术作为中华民族的瑰宝,要与时俱进,紧随时代步伐,走产业化发展的道路。文章通过对武术产业的概念以及分类研究、武术产业当代发展研究、武术产业发展所面临的问题及策略三方面对我国武术产业研究现状进行分析,认为我国武术产业的发展明显表现出了地域间的不平衡;市场没有形成规模,与球类、围棋等项目差距太大;资源没有得到充分利用等特征。     

浅析武术档案在武术史研究中的作用

武术是中国民族传统体育的杰出代表,武术档案是国家机关、社会组织和个人在有关武术的社会活动中直接形成的有价值的各种历史文献。对武术档案的深入研究是武术史研究的一个的新领域,对武术史研究在现阶段的发展有十分重要的推动作用,从而突破目前武术史研究的范围,提高武术史研究的水准。进而为武术的发展提供全新的思考,推动武术运动的全面发展。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。