O_2 peak:释义与应用

O2 peak常用于评价不同人群有氧工作能力,是近年来国外运动医学文献中出现频度较高的一个专业术语。就O2 peak这一术语的解释、与O2 max的区别、应用范围以及再测信度进行了综述。尽管学者们对.O2 peak有着不同的解释,但是,O2 peak在研究对象、判断标准、运动负荷方法等方面与.O2 max存在明显的差异。O2 peak常用于不同人群的流行病学研究,具有较高的实用性。许多研究表明,O2 peak有很高的再测信度,是一项稳定性较好的测试指标。     

O2peak:释义与应用

(V)O2 peak常用于评价不同人群有氧工作能力,是近年来国外运动医学文献中出现频度较高的一个专业术语.就(V)O2peak这一术语的解释、与(V)O2max的区别、应用范围以及再测信度进行了综述.尽管学者们对(V)O2peak有着不同的解释,但是,如(V)O2peak在研究对象、判断标准、运动负荷方法等方面与(V)O2max存在明显的差异.(V)O2peak常用于不同人群的流行病学研究,具有较高的实用性.许多研究表明,(V)O2peak有很高的再测信度,是一项稳定性较好的测试指标.     

对不同年龄、不同性别、不同专业学生VO2max的比较研究

通过对华中师范大学第2附中，华中师范大学体育教育专业与非体育专业学生不同年龄，性别和专业的VO2max的测试，并应用生理学的方法对影响VO2max的主要因素进行了分析，发现不同研究对象的VO2max存在一定的差异，同时发现体育锻炼对人体氧运输系统和VO2max均有一定的影响。     

递增工作强度运动时个体无氧阈最大速度的选取及与RPE等级值的关系

本文研究证明,乳酸阈和通气阈双重拐点结合可作为判断VIATmax的简单可靠方法;较高VO2max相对值和较低心率可使受试者以更快VIAT-max运动而不伴随更多乳酸水平上升;RPE等级值与HLmax、VO2max速度、HRmax和VO2max相关提示RPE受上述生理因素影响。     

高校女生血清睾酮、皮质醇、最大吸氧量及运动能力随月经周期规律性变化的特征

对高校女生血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)水平及VO2max等指标随月经周期而变化特征的研究结果表明：血清T、C水平、T／C值及VO2max的变化随月经周期均有一定变化规律；T／C值的波动和VO2max的波动一致。提示：女大学生存在最大运动能力变化周期，但与运动员不同，个体差异较大；其健身运动于月经周期的不同时期应有不同的安排和内容。     

中学生PWC_(170)和VO_2max初探

通过对中学生进行PWC170 和VO2 max的抽样测试 ,探讨不同年龄、性别中学生的心肺功能的发展情况。测试结果显示 ,同一年龄 ,不同性别的中学生PWC170 和VO2 max存在一定差异 ,同性别 ,不同年龄中学生PWC170 与VO2 max呈上升趋势 ,PWC170 和VO2 max还与锻炼频度和项目有关。     

探讨运动强度对状态焦虑的影响

研究探讨一次性有氧运动对状态焦虑的影响。12名实验对象被分成3组分3天分别进行3个不同运动强度、即45％VO2peak，60％VO2peak，75％VO2peak的20min跑台实验。运动前后分别测试体温、血压和心理问卷测试。结果表明大强度的一次性运动(75％VO2peak)可有效地降低状态焦虑，其作用机制可能与体温的上升和中枢神经的内啡肽分泌增加有关。由于收缩压的降低随状态焦虑同步变化，建议收缩压可作为评价状态焦虑变化的生物学指标之一。     

短期冲刺间歇训练对普通健康人群最大摄氧量影响的Meta分析

目的：探究短期冲刺间歇训练（Short-Term Sprint Interval Training,SIT）对提高普通健康人群最大摄氧量（VO2max）的影响。方法：通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI等数据库,检索SIT对普通健康人群VO2max影响的随机对照组实验（Randomized Controlled Trial,RCT）,按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的方法学质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件对纳入文献的结局指标进行Meta分析。SIT对VO2max的提升效果优于CON组,亚分组分析显示：与无干预组相比,2 10周干预,SIT对VO2max的提升效果有显著作用;与中等强度有氧训练（ET）比较,2~4周与6~8周干预,SIT提升VO2max的水平不存在统计学差异（P＞0.05）,10周干预SIT优于ET组。结论：SIT可提高普通健康人群VO2max;相对于ET,SIT在2~4周与6~8周内干预效果相同,可作为替代训练,10周干预SIT干预效果优于ET,但由于相关研究较少且方法学质量评价较低,因此10周干预效果仍需进一步研究验证。     

中学生PWC170和VO2max初探

通过对中学生进行PWC170和VO2max的抽样测试,探讨不同年龄、性别中学生的心肺功能的发展情况.测试结果显示,同一年龄,不同性别的中学生PWC170和VO2max存在一定差异,同性别,不同年龄中学生PWC170与VO2max呈上升趋势,PWC170和VO2max还与锻炼频度和项目有关.     

男性中老年人血脂、脂蛋白水平与有氧运动能力的相关研究

本文研究了男性中老年人血液胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平与有氧运动能力之间的关系.结果表明中老年高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)与采用Polar表推测出的最大摄氧量(VO2max)呈显著正相关(r=0.521,P＜0.01),胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白等与VO2max无显著相关关系.HDL-C与VO2max的相关,说明人体较高水平的高密度脂蛋白对保持有氧运动能力具有重要意义.     

Relationship between maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake attained during treadmill middle-distance running

Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill.     

高住低训对国家男子橄榄球运动员体能的影响

研究高住低训(HiLo)提高橄榄球运动员体能的效果。将14名国家男子橄榄球队运动员随机分成HiLo组(n=8)和LoLo组(n=6),进行为期4周的实验。HiLo组每晚在O2浓度为14.7%的实验室居住10h。每周除正常训练外,还有3次30min在O2浓度为15.4%、强度为个体72%V.O2max的功率自行车运动。LoLo组的训练方案与HiLo组相同,但没有低氧居住和低氧运动。每周3次的30min功率自行车运动在常氧环境下进行,强度为个体80%V.O2max。结果表明,HiLo可以显著提高运动员有氧耐力,12min跑成绩明显提高;对4种距离折返跑时间、球门折返跑等无氧能力的提高也有一定帮助;对Hb等血象指标的提高没有显著作用,但可以保持运动员正常的Hb水平。     

《学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评定指标的同质性和有效性的实验研究

为了分析《学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评价指标的同质性和有效性，对87名普通大学生进行体质健康测试和最大耗氧量测试。研究结果表明，大学生的台阶测试得分和耐久跑成绩得分无显著差异；台阶测试得分与耐久跑之间无显著线性相关关系（r=-0．086，P〉0．05）；台阶测试和耐久跑指标之间无同质性；大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值和台阶试验得分无显著线性相关（r〈0．15，P〉0．05），大学生最大耗氧量与耐久跑成绩和得分之间也无显著线性相关。     

自行车、划船及足球少年运动员心脏肥大影响因素的对比研究

目的:考察11岁左右少年运动员开始进行大运动量训练的3个项目(自行车、划船、足球)的动脉血压反应,并分析最大运动时动脉血压、VO_2max对受试者心脏体积增加的影响。方法:对受试者进行病史和体格检查,用M型二堆超声心动图、12导心电图检查心脏参数,逐级运动试验直接测定VO_2max。在安静和最大运动状态下检测收缩压和舒张压。用Devereux公式计算左心室体积指数(LVMI)。结果:自行车运动员的LVMI值明显高于其他运动员;划船运动员在最大运动时的动脉血压最高,而自行车运动员具有较高的VO_2max。LVMI与VO_2max和最大运动时的收缩压有较好的相关。结论:VO_2max对运动员心脏肥大的发生和发展起重要作用。较大的动脉血压反应有利于发展较大的LVMI。     

9——18岁学生最大吸氧量的纵向研究

本文采用复盖式纵向研究法,对9—18岁男女学生的最大吸氧量进行连续4年的直接测定,分析研究了其自然发展规律及年龄、性别特征。     

Comparison of different theoretical models estimating peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake in trained and elite triathletes and endurance cyclists in the velodrome

The aim of this study was to assess which of the equations that estimate peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the velodrome adapt best to the measurements made by reference systems. Thirty-four endurance cyclists and triathletes performed one incremental test in the laboratory and two tests in the velodrome. Maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output were measured with an indirect calorimetry system in the laboratory and with the SRM training system in the velodrome. The peak power output and VO2max of the field test were estimated by means of different equations. The agreement between the estimated and the reference values was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. The equation of Olds et al. (1995) showed the best agreement with respect to the peak power output reference values, and that of McCole et al. (1990) was the only equation to show good agreement with respect to the VO2max reference values. The VO2max values showed a higher coefficient of determination with respect to maximal aerobic speed when they were expressed in relative terms. In conclusion, the equations of Olds et al. (1995) and McCole et al. (1990) were best at estimating peak power output and VO2max in the velodrome, respectively.     

儿童最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究

报告了60名10～15岁儿童(31名男童,29名女童)最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究结果。应用Jaeger LE/6型步行机运动,使用Jaeger自动气体分析仪作气体分析,发现男女童的VO_2max、VO_2max/Ht、VO_2max/Ht~2及VO_2max/HR均随年龄增长而增加,VO_2max/Wt及VO_2max/LBM均未随年龄而增长的规律。男童VO_2max绝对值及各项相对值均明显高于女童。以生活年龄为基础的VO_2max年增长值,男童呈随年龄增长而增加的趋势,女童除13～14岁外,呈随年龄增长而减少的趋势;VO_2max/Wt年增长值男女童在年龄组间均未见到规律性的变化。以身高突增高峰年龄(PHA)为基础的VO_2max,男童从PHA-2到PHS 2持续增加,女童从PHA-1到PHA 1呈下降趋势,以后略有上升;VO_2max/Wt年增长值,男童在PHA前为负值,以后为正值并逐渐增加,女童无规律性变化。以生活年龄或以身高突增高峰年龄为基础的最大吸氧量年增长值的个体差异都很大。     

The relationship among HRpeak, RERpeak, and VO2peak during treadmill testing in girls

Clear criteria for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) determination in youth are not available, and no studies have examined this issue in girls. Our purpose was to determine whether different peak heart rate (HRpeak) and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) cut points affect girls' (N = 453; M age = 13.3 years, SD = .1) VO2max during a maximal treadmill test. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed VO2max (ml kg(-1) min(-1) differed significantly among HRpeak, 180-189 b min(-1) = 34 (SD = .8), 190-194 bmin(-1) = 35 (SD = .9), 195-199 b min(-1) = 38 (SD = .8), 200-204 b min(-1) = 40 ml kg1 x min(-1) (SD = .8), and > or = 205 bmin(-1) = 42 ml kg1 x min(-1) (SD = .7) but not RERpeak. In studies where evidence of a VO2 plateau was examined, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) did not differ between plateau and no-plateau groups. Although our results suggest the association between lower VO2peak and lower peak heart rate is a true cardiovascular limit to aerobic energy production, we cannot rule out participant effort.     

有氧耐力的测试指标和训练方法研究新进展

有氧耐力是人体从事耐力性运动的重要能力一,最大摄氧量是客观评价人体心肺功能的一项综合生理指标。本文对有氧耐力的重要测试指标最大摄氧量和无氧阈在有氧耐力评价中的作用及其影响因素进行了综合分析,并梳理了有氧耐力训练的新方法。耐力性项目的连动成绩与最大摄氧量关系紧密,而无氧阀在评定有氧耐力水平、制订有氧耐力训练强度等许多方面亦具有较强的指导意义。有氧耐力训练在很多项目训练中占有重要地位,掌握科学的有氧耐力训练方法对提高运动员的专项竞技水平起着关键性作用。