英国多科技术学院政策述评

本文从教育政策视角对英国高等教育双重制下多科技术学院政策进行梳理,解读其指导并服务于实践的经验,总结政策所取得的功效,剖析它最后走向终结的原因,以展示其全貌,探求高等教育的某些发展规律.     

地方高校发展与高等教育政策调整

近年来,我国地方高校在规模迅猛扩张的同时,普遍陷入了多重发展困境之中。从制度变迁的类型和路径依赖两个角度来看,这种困境产生的制度根源有两个:一是以中央政府为主体的激进式强制性制度变迁的局限性,二是对传统高等教育管理模式的路径依赖。今后高等教育政策调整必须遵循两个基本的指导思想:一是弥补激进式强制性制度变迁的局限,二是摆脱对传统高等教育管理方式的路径依赖。     

高等教育制度变迁的路径选择——一种制度经济学的分析视角

本文阐述高等教育制度变迁体系的逻辑起点是新制度经济学的“制度”的概念。笔者选择从制度变迁理论的视角来阐述和分析我国高等教育发展的问题。着重阐释了高等教育制度变迁的基本理论,分析了这一理论在我国高等教育领域中的运用,并提出了推动我国高等教育制度变迁的具体路径选择。     

Relating Higher Education with the Labour Market: Graduates’ expectations and employers’ requirements

The paper takes into discussion the issue of quality of higher education services, from the perspective of graduates and employers as main beneficiaries of higher education services, by putting face to face expectations of students at graduation with employers’ requirements. In the two surveys conducted in 2006 in Romania, both graduates and employers have been asked about skills and abilities developed through higher education programmes and the extent to which these correspond to their expectations and requirements. The discussion is relevant to the vast literature presenting the skills debate, employment and graduates transition to the labour market, as well as to the literature presenting students’ expectations from higher education.     

从结构性约束看大众化阶段我国高等教育公共政策的选择

随着高等教育大众化阶段的来临,我国财政性教育经费和高等教育成本补偿政策均面临着诸多的结构性约束问题。为妥善处理好这些问题,促进我国高等教育的健康发展,应完善我国高等教育的公共政策选择。即强化政府财政责任,确保法定经费足额到位;弥补市场失灵,完善国家助学贷款体系;健全捐赠税收优惠政策,拓宽多元化融资渠道;允许民办高校合法营利,强化民办高校的分类监管。     

省域高等教育结构调整策略——以河南为个案

在1998-2007年我国高等教育结构变迁中,河南高等教育结构有其特殊性,主要体现在:层次结构呈重心偏低的金字塔型,形式结构中普通高校扩张而成人高校萎缩,科类结构中工学和文学比例较高,布局结构呈以郑州为中心的辐射状。依据外部适应与内部协调原则,河南高等教育结构现状存在不合理因素,要努力提升学位层次的重心,提高科技创新人才培养能力;继续保持普通高校的发展趋势,转变成人教育发展思路;依据经济发展需求调整科类结构,完善高校专业设置;建设中原高等教育城市群,推动省域高等教育的协调发展。     

韩国大学特色化政策的误区及其启示

政策误区通常会导致政策陷入持续性失败的困境。当前韩国大学特色化政策误区的根源在于对大学特色化内涵的狭隘认识,在政策的价值取向、路径选择与变迁方式等方面也都存在具体的误区表现。这已经成为政策发展的瓶颈,使韩国的大学特色化发展难以取得根本性的突破而显得步履维艰。在大学日益强调特色发展的今天,我国对大学特色化的政策性关注逐渐增多,客观认识韩国大学特色化政策的误区有助于我们探索正确的政策方向。     

Has massification of higher education led to more equity? Clues to a reflection on Portuguese education arena

Massification is an undeniable phenomenon in the higher education arena. However, there have been questions raised regarding the extent to which a mass system really corresponds to an effective democratisation not only of access, but also of success. With regards to access, this article intends, through a brief analysis of the expansion of higher education in Portugal (contextualised in the European context), to focus on how the political system and higher education institutions (HEIs) have answered the social need for a highly skilled workforce and an increased demand for tertiary education. If access democratisation can be questioned, then it stands to reason that more doubts may arise regarding the democratisation of academic outcomes.

The methodology underlying this study involved the collection and analysis of relevant data from official international and national sources. This allowed for a comparison of the diverse realities and building the national panorama in terms of democratisation not only of access, but also of success. The comparison of these different quantitative inputs shows that applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds are proportionally fewer in number, and tend to enrol in less socially prestigious institutions and study programmes. Students' financial support and social support systems are analysed so as to gauge the state of Portuguese higher education.

Despite the advances made in Portugal on the system's expansion and on access to higher education, equity of access and outcomes in higher education have not yet been achieved, thus meaning that the democratisation process has not been fully accomplished.     

Governance and decision‐making in higher education: Comparative aspects

In this paper, I shall put forward a model which highlights key issues to be taken into account in an attempt to improve academic excellence by the means of human resources management and leadership. Practices at the University of Eastern Finland and elsewhere are used as examples. It is maintained that logical and coherent human resources policies and capable leadership can support and contribute to academic performance and excellence. A key issue is not to interfere too much with active academic work, but still give sufficient support and prerequisites for academic basic tasks.     

中国民办高等教育回顾与前瞻

中国民办高等教育已经走过了二十五个春秋,时至今日,虽然取得了一定成绩,但仍属于\"弱势群体\".尤其近年来民办高校倒闭事件频发,引发了人们对民办高等教育的担心和疑虑.有人不免发问,中国民办高等教育是否还有发展的空间?要回答这一问题,就需要对民办高等教育发展的历史和未来进行一番梳理和探讨.事实上,无论是从国际高等教育发展趋势来看,还是从我国经济发展水平、大众对高等教育的需求、国家财政供给能力以及政府的政策态度来看,中国民办高等教育都将有巨大的发展,这是历史发展的必然.     

教育改革的战略变革对高等教育的启示

通过对组织变革与教育改革的关系分析、学校变革与重建策略、教育变革的三阶段解析、中央集权式教育变革失败分析以及学校变革的基本框架构建等高等教育变革的特殊性研究,指出高等教育改革和发展需要遵守的基本原则。     

英国高等教育双重制分层政策案例分析

英国高等教育双重制是政府自上而下干预高校分层定位的经典案例,它的终结并非二元或多元分类模式的缺失而是双重制政策导向的失误.它启示人们,高等教育及机构分类不只是纵向分层也包括横向分类,其关键在于分类依据及定位政策的导向.     

芬兰大学薪资制度改革：内容、进程与争议

2006年,芬兰政府决定在高等教育系统内实施一种新的薪资制度,这一制度改变了传统的以工作年限为基础的工资支付制度,而将大学职员的工资与职业等级和个人业绩表现紧密联系。新的薪资制度在教育部、工会以及其他各方代表间历经漫长的谈判,最终付诸实施,成为21世纪提升芬兰高等教育系统竞争力的主要工具。     

Learning potential tests for ethnic minorities

ABSTRACT

The education of special needs students in Portugal goes back to the beginning of the nineteenth century, but its major developments were initiated after the middle of this century. At the beginning of the 1960s, a movement for integration was begun that gained a considerable impetus after the April 1974 revolution and the re‐establishment of a democratic regime. Since then, this movement and the inclusion of SEN pupils has grown both in quality and quantity. Portugal has shown itself to be very open to models coming from abroad and created a significant experience in this field, integrating in regular schools approximately 75 per cent of the existing SEN pupils. New challenges have appeared with the Inclusion movement that have not only changed the strict scope of the ‘handicapped’ population, but have acquired ambitious aims with regard to the improvement of regular schools and education for all.     

酒店业人员流失现象分析及对策探讨

针对目前酒店人员流失这一现象,通过对酒店人员流失进行调查分析,对其产生原因从酒店方面、教育行业人才培养方面、从业人员自身方面及社会因素方面进行细化分析,重点探讨研究高等职业教育这一因素,对高等职业教育培养模式进行探讨和分析,期望我们的旅游酒店类高等职业教育能尽快、更好的与社会、市场接轨。     

Changing knowledge regimes: Universities in a new research environment

This paper takes an apparent knowledgeparadox as its point of departure. `Knowledge'has acquired a more all encompassing meaningtoday, yet this has not strengthened thesupport for and confidence in higher educationinstitutions. On the contrary, it is oftenclaimed that they have outlived theirusefulness. In trying to understand thedevelopment behind this paradox, we deal withthree issues. We discuss first thewidening concept of knowledge and the claimthat there is emerging a new mode of knowledgeproduction. Secondly the widening concept ofknowledge is put into a social and politicalcontext, where massification and its socialimplications are discussed. Thirdly we developa theoretical framework based on the concept ofknowledge regimes. In this part wediscuss how the concept of knowledge regimesand the related concepts of knowledgeinterests and knowledge alliances may behelpful in understanding the complexities andambiguity of higher education development.Finally we discuss some implications regardingknowledge's role in social development. Wequestion the assumption that there is anecessary relationship between a wideningconcept of knowledge and a given form ofknowledge development.