从结构性约束看大众化阶段我国高等教育公共政策的选择

随着高等教育大众化阶段的来临,我国财政性教育经费和高等教育成本补偿政策均面临着诸多的结构性约束问题。为妥善处理好这些问题,促进我国高等教育的健康发展,应完善我国高等教育的公共政策选择。即强化政府财政责任,确保法定经费足额到位;弥补市场失灵,完善国家助学贷款体系;健全捐赠税收优惠政策,拓宽多元化融资渠道;允许民办高校合法营利,强化民办高校的分类监管。     

中国高等教育大众化结构与体系变革

中国高等教育结构与体系在大众化进程中正经历着深刻的变革,这种变革反过来又影响着中国高等教育大众化的发展道路。分析这种变革,有利于促进中国高等教育结构与体系适切高等教育大众化的发展。文章从以下三方面展开:(一)中国高等教育大众化结构与体系变革的现实基础和指导思想;(二)中国高等教育大众化进程中结构与体系的演变;(三)中国高等教育大众化结构与体系若干问题研究。     

教育体制改革中的中国高等学校法律地位变迁

During the past twenty years, higher education institutions in China have gained enormous rights due to both the streamlining of administration and the decentralization of the government. Their legal status has hence changed dramatically. However, the expansion of their rights has also brought about the possibility of higher education institutions profiting by pursuing development. The influence of the market has begun to permeate higher education institutions, and this change has shown some characteristics of induced institutional changes. Accordingly, higher education institutions should be regulated from the perspective of public law, so as to ensure their public nature. __________ Translated by LI Yancheng from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2007, (2): 5–16     

地方高校发展与高等教育政策调整

近年来,我国地方高校在规模迅猛扩张的同时,普遍陷入了多重发展困境之中。从制度变迁的类型和路径依赖两个角度来看,这种困境产生的制度根源有两个:一是以中央政府为主体的激进式强制性制度变迁的局限性,二是对传统高等教育管理模式的路径依赖。今后高等教育政策调整必须遵循两个基本的指导思想:一是弥补激进式强制性制度变迁的局限,二是摆脱对传统高等教育管理方式的路径依赖。     

Constructing academic identity in the changing Russian higher education context: preliminary perspectives

ABSTRACT

Currently, Russian academics are facing significant demands because of a new, urgent requirement to pursue their research in accordance with international standards. Until recently, these academics were used to working within a familiar community and communicating their research via the Russian language, but now, they are expected to move beyond that and function on a global level, which can challenge their academic identities. A qualitative study was carried out in a research-intensive Russian university. The aim was to explore academics’ experiences and perceptions of the dynamic changes in their academic work with a particular focus on the limitations and pressures they meet in their career path towards global research. The data were collected by means of reflective journals during a course on English for academic purposes. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The results showed that global trends turned out to be unachievable for Russian academics due to the lack of specific knowledge, attributes and skills required to do research globally. This might be the first study from Russia contributing to the literature on academic identity construction. The article provides insights into the experiences and perceptions of Russian academics and offers a research agenda for further investigation to bridge identity shifts in academia. In terms of practical purposes, the results will be used as a source of preliminary data within a broader research project aimed at supporting Russian academics in their research in an international English-speaking academic context.     

中国高等教育管理体制改革的政策分析

二十多年来我国关于高等教育管理体制改革的重要政策,多有创新之处,不乏理论意义,但也存在目标偏移、对象模糊、主体缺位、路径不明等弱点。高等教育管理体制改革的核心目标应坚定不移地定位于转变政府管理职能,理顺政府与高校的关系。为此,改革政策的重新设计势所必然。     

Evaluation of adjunct faculty in higher education institutions

The role that part‐time faculty play in higher education is changing. No longer are part‐time faculty used on an occasional basis at a few institutions. These individuals now play a critical part in the delivery of higher education to students. This study was developed to answer questions regarding how the performance of adjunct faculty is evaluated. The researcher gathered data on what sources of information were used to evaluate adjunct faculty, and how this information was used by various administrators during evaluation and reappointment decisions. The underlying goal was to develop a better understanding of current evaluation practices so that higher education administrators can ensure that quality learning opportunities are available in the classroom.     

河南省高等职业教育体系的建立与发展研究

依据河南省经济社会发展的特点,分别从师资队伍建设、实践基地建设、课程体系建设等三个方面研究建立和发展河南省高等职业教育教学体系;从专业布局结构、专业结构、层次结构三个方面研究建立和发展河南省高等职业教育结构体系;从管理体制、招生体制、评估体系、政法体系、经费体系五个方面研究建立和发展河南省高等职业教育管理体系。在此基础上,形成与河南经济发展、产业结构相适应,具有河南地方特色的高等职业教育体系。     

构建柔性化高等教育体制

信息技术迅猛发展加速了信息社会的到来,传统的高等教育体制过于僵硬,无法动态适应知识经济带来的巨变。将柔性的概念引入到教育领域,提出了柔性教育体制的思想,给出实现管理层面柔性、教师层面柔性和学生层面柔性的策略。以燕山大学的教育改革为实例,说明构建柔性教育体制的具体操作方法。柔性教育体制本身能够动态适应社会需求,满足学生的个性化要求,更容易适应社会对高等教育宏观需求的变化。     

Credits, curriculum, and control in higher education: Cross-national perspectives

Through an examination of the higher education systems in threecountries (Indonesia, Nicaragua, and Vietnam), the authors explore howthe use of academic credits for monitoring student progress has been andcontinues to be linked to policies and institutions associated withcapitalist, market-driven economic systems. The recent histories ofthese countries and their current social and political contexts areanalyzed in relation to three interrelated themes that have emerged fromthe analysis of the three cases. These themes are: (1) Linkages topolitical and economic systems: higher education as vocationaltraining, (2) Standardization, efficiency, andtechnocracy, and (3) Who controls the curriculum? Inconclusion, the authors suggest that the academic credit system,embedded within a network of other educational practices, hastransformed the university into an institution focused on relativelynarrow, utilitarian aims rather than a more universal pursuit ofknowledge.     

浅谈高职课程体系构建

高等职业教育的教学改革核心是课程的改革,构建适应我国高等职业教育的课程体系,就是对学生职业化的进程进行一个规划,使学生经过职业定向、技能训练、岗位实习和职业心理及职业道德教育,顺利实现"职业化",成为高素质的全面发展的职业人。围绕课程的改革,必须同时改变教师的工作方式和教学的实施方法。     

论和谐高等教育评估体系的构建

经过二十多年的发展，我国高等教育评估事业取得了飞速发展，但其中也遇到了许多问题和矛盾。本文试从我国高等教育评估的实践出发，对制约我国高教评估健康发展的主要矛盾即评估中的行政本位与学术自由，评估中政府、高校与社会的矛盾进行系统分析，提出构建和谐高等教育评估体系的方法途径。     

中国高等教育大众化过程与普通高等教育系统的变化分析

自1999年中国高等教育大幅扩大招生规模以来,中央与地方高等教育系统在发展轨迹和模式上具有不同的特点。实证数据分析表明:中央普通高校研究生在全部研究生中所占的比例有所提高,综合性大学所占的比例有一定的提高,生均占有较多的办学资源,表现出精英高等教育的特点;地方普通高校在校生在全部普通高校在校生中所占的比例有所提高,高等职业技术学院有了较快的发展,生均占有较少的办学资源,地方普通高校成为高等教育大众化的主力。这将奠定中国多层次和多样化高等教育格局的基础。     

试论五年制高职教育的办学特征与目标定位

五年制高职是高等职业教育的一个重要组成部分,也是高等职业教育与中等职业教育衔接的教育创新模式。办好五年制高职的关键在于突出其学制优势、生活优势、人才培养模式优势、专业设置优势,在目标定位上,注重学生全面职业行为能力的培养,为社会发展提供有针对性的人才。     

高等教育系统的生态承载力研究

高等教育系统的生态承载力具有客观性、可变性和多层次性等特点,高等教育资源承载力和环境承载力分别是其基础条件和约束条件,同时,生态弹性力也影响着高等教育系统。高等教育的发展规模必须适应相应的生态承载力。     

服务型教育体系:区域高等教育发展的新模式

为实现教育发展与经济发展的良性互动,促进区域经济社会的和谐发展,作为我国经济最为发达的城市之一,宁波市率先提出构建服务型教育体系的新思路。构建服务型教育体系,对于转变区域高等教育发展模式,推进高等教育制度创新,实现区域教育结构与产业结构的成功耦合具有积极的作用。     

北美地区高校教师发展状况探析

北美地区高等学校教师发展状况包括职称晋升、培训、奖惩、工资待遇及教学和科研管理等方面。北美地区高校教师发展的很多方面与我国的做法有很大的不同。今后我国在高校发展的政策制定方面应借鉴其中的经验,尽量做到树立选优思想,不拘一格晋升教师;制定相关法律法规,规范学术道德奖惩制度;建立教职工退休金,保证教师安心乐业;淡化校内职能部门的行政权力,赋予教师和学生更多的参与管理的机会。     

高校教工住宅房屋资源管理信息系统开发与应用

该文以清华大学教工住宅管理、各类公寓信息系统开发为例,详细介绍了房屋管理信息系统的结构和系统功能.通过系统的应用,较好地解决了教工住宅和各类公寓规范管理中出现的问题,为教工住宅和各类公寓更有效地服务于学校教学科研、提高管理水平提供了必要条件.     

Reason before passion: faculty views on internationalization in higher education

In this era of globalization, internationalization—both as an idea and an agenda—is receiving widespread attention at academic institutions across North America. Although faculty are necessarily key participants in initiatives to internationalize academia, surprisingly little work has been published that addresses the roles, responsibilities, and problems faced by the faculty on an operational level. This article has been written to provide administrators with some insight into faculty perspectives on the goals, strategies, and processes of internationalization. The authors present a case study of internationalization processes currently underway in the School of Architecture and Allied Arts at the University of Oregon. They discuss a faculty-driven approach that focused on mapping internationalization, addressing barriers to internationalization, and improving structures and systems to enhance internationalization. An in-depth critical analysis of the case leads to recommendations and a framework for navigating diverse tensions and responsibilities implicit in an internationalization imperative.

高职教育实施学分制的优越性探析

学分制是在市场经济下适应社会经济发展和个人发展需要的先进的教育教学管理制度。在高职教育中实施学分制管理制度,符合学生的个性差异和发展愿望,可以极大地调动学生与教师的积极性和主动性,有利于培养社会经济发展需要的高素质复合技能型人才。