裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

我国东北胡枝子属及其近缘属的花粉形态和分类研究

 The pollen morphology of 11 species and 1 variety in the genus Lespedeza and its allied genera (Campylotropis, Kummerowia) from NE China was examined under light and scanning electron microscopes.      1.  Lespedeza Michx. (plate 1:1-6; 2:1-6; 3:1-6; 4:1-2)      Pollen grains prolate, rarely subprolate or spheroidal, elliptic or rarely suborbicular in equa- torial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, tricolporate, colpus margins smooth or jagged.  Polar axis 20.7-33.1μm long, equatorial axis 15.4-20.9 μm long.  Exine reticulate or foveolate, lu- mina verrucose or smooth under SEM.      2.  Campylotropis Bge. (plate 4:3-4)      One species in NE China, C. macrocarpa (Bge.) Rehd.  Pollen grains prolate, elliptic in equatorial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, 3-colporate, colpus linear, 25.1μm long, 1.79μm broad, colpus margins jagged, with a series of verrucae equal in size along one side visible under SEM.  Polar axis 19.7μm long, equatorial axis 14.6μm long.  Exine reticulate, lumina nearly rounded, verrucose at periphery under SEM.       3.  Kummerowia Schindl. (plate 4:5-6)       Pollen grains spheroidal, oblate or prolate, elliptic in equatorial view, obtuse-triangular in polar view, tricolporate, colups linear, 25.1μm long, 2.01μm  broad,  colpus margins sinuate. Polar axis 24.7-27.9μm long, equatorial axis 19.7-26.6μm long.  Exine reticulate or subreti- culate, lumina nearly rounded, with verrocae visible under SEM.       According to the pollen morphology of Lespedeza and its allied genera, the division of Lespedeza (s. lat.) into Lespedeza (S. str.), Campylotropis and Kummarowia by Schindler (1912) is reasonable.  The subdivision of Lespedeza (s. str.) into Sect.  Macrolespedeza and Sect. Lespe- deza by many botanists, and the treatment of Lespedeze juncea  (L. f.) Pers. var. inschanica Maxim. as an independent species (i.e. Lespedeza inschanics (Maxim). Schindl.) are also suppor- ted by the pollen morphology shown in the present work.     

四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)

From standpoint of floristic division,  Sichuan is located in the middle part of Eastern Asiatic Region (Takhtajan 1978) or is the area where Sino-Himalayan Forest Subkingdom and Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom meet (wu 1979).  Here exist many so- called Arcto-Tertiary elements and newly originated species or races.  In order to bring the light the origin and differentiation of Eastern Asiatic elements,  cytological investi- gation on plants of this region are very significant.  The materials of the following 5 species were collected on Mt.  Emei in Sichuan Province.  Voucher specimens are kept in CDBI.       1.  Toricellia angulata  Oliver var. intermedia (Harms) Hu       PMC meiotic examination revealed n = 12 at diakinesis (Pl. I fig. 9)       Toricellia,  consisting of 2 spp.,  is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  Based on our result along with the report of Toricellia tiliifolia (Wall.) DC. (2n=24) by Kuro- sawa (1977),  we argue that the basic chromosome number of Toricellia is 12.  Many authors,  such as Airy-Shaw (1973),  Dahlgren (1975,  1977),  Takhtajan (1969,  1980), Thorne (1983),  have adopted Hu’s (1934) treatment erecting it as a monotypic family Toricelliaceae.  Its systematic position,  whether closer to Cornaceae than to Araliaceae or vice versa,  has been in dispute.  Cytologically it seems closer to Araliaceae,  as shown anatomically (Lodriguez 1971),  because the basic chromosome number of Cornaceae s. 1. is x=11,  9,  8 (Kurosawa 1977),  whereas that of Araliaceae is 12 (Raven 1975).       2.  Cardiocrinum giganteum  (Wall.) Makino       Somatic chromosome number,  2n=24 was determined from root-tip cells (Ph. I. fig. 8).       Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl.,  consisting of 3 spp.,  is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino is distributed from Himalayan region to S. W. China.  The present report is in accord with the number reported by Kurosawa (1966) who got the material from Darjeeling of India.  However the karyotype of the present plant is slightly different from that given by Kurosawa.  In the present material,  the satellites of the 1st. pair of chromosomes and the short arms of llst.  pair of chromoso- mes are visibly longer than those of Kurosawa’s drawing (fig. 1,  2) The plants from Yunnan,  Sichuan and Hubei Provinces,  named as C. giganteum var. yunnanense (Leit- chtlin ex Elwes) Stearn,  differ slightly from those of Himalayan region also in outer morphological characters.  The taxon needs both cytological and taxonomical further studies.       3.  Disporum cantoniense  (Lour.) Merr.       PMC meiotic examination revealed n=8 at diakinesis (Pl. I. fig. 6)       This species is widely distributed from Himalayan region through Indo-China to our Taiwan Province and Indonesia. Three cytotypes (2n=14,  16,  30) were reported for the taxon including its variety,  var. parviflorum (Wall) Hara,  by various authors (Ha- segawa 1932,  Mehra and Pathamia 1960,  Kurosawa 1966,  1971 Mehra and Sachdeva 1976a).  Some authors consider D. pullum Salisb. and D. calcaratum D. Don as synonyms of D. cantoniense. So D. cantoniense may be a species aggregate with different extreme races.  Sen (1973a,  b.) reports that the somatic chromosome numbers of D. pullum and D. calcaratum from Eastern Himalayan region are 14,  16,  28,  30,  32.  He also discovered that chromosome alterations in species of Disporum involve not only the num- ber but the structure as well.  He found that in species of Liliaceae where the reproduc- tion is mainly vegetative,  polysomaty often occurs.  In China we have not only D. can- toniense and D. calcaratum but also D. brachystomon Wang et Tang which is similar to D. cantoniense var. parviflorum (Wall.) Hara.  These taxa need further critical studies.      4.  Paris fargesii Franch.      PMC meiotic examination revealed n=5+2B (Voucher no. 112) or n=5 (Voucher no. 62) at MI and AI (Pl. I. fig. 1. 4. 5.).  This is the first report for the species.  A bridge and a fragment were also observed at AI.      Paris polyphylla Smith is extraordinarily polymorphic species.  Hara (1969) re- gards all chinese extreme forms,  such as P. fargesii Franch.,  P. violacea Lévl.,  P. pube- scens (Hand. -Mzt.) Wang et Tang,  etc. as infraspecific taxa of P. polyphylla.  Need- less to say,  the various races of P. polyphylla Smith in China need further critical stu- dies and are good material for further study to understand the speciation.      5.  Reineckia carnea(Andr.) Kunth       Reineckia is a monotypic genus endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region.  In the present material somatic chromosome number in root-tip cells is determined as 2n=38 (Pl. I. fig. 7).  According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.,  the karyotype formula is 2n=28 m+10 sm.  The length of chromosomes varies from 14.28 μ to 5.5 μ. The idiogram given here (fig. 3) is nearly the same as that presented by Hsu et Li (1984). The same number has been previously reported by several authors,  Noguchi (1936),  Satô (1942), Therman (1956).  The karyotype is relatively symmetrical (2B,  accorling to the classi-fication of stebbins 1971) in accord with the opinion of Therman (1956).     

书讯:中国统计年鉴2013

正定价:498.00元(包括邮费)内容简介《中国统计年鉴—2013》系统收录了全国和各省、自治区、直辖市2012年经济、社会各方面的统计数据,以及多个重要历史年份和近年全国主要统计数据,是一部全面反映中华人民共和国经济和社会发展情况的资料性年刊。二、本年鉴正文内容分为25个篇章,即:1.综合;2.国民经济核算;3.人口;4.就业人员和工资;5.固定资产投资;6.对外经济贸易;7.资源和环境;8.能源;9.财政;10.价格指数;11.人民生活;12.城市概况;13.农业;14.工业;15.建筑业;16.运输     

中国轮藻新分类群

本文报道了轮藻科2新种、1新变种、5个中国新记录：嫩江丽藻Nitella  nenjiangensis sp.  nov.,轮苞轮藻  Chara  vertillibracteata  sp.   nov.,  球状轮藻北京变种  Chara  globularis  Thuiller var.  beijingensis  var.  nov.,  腋生丽藻  Nitella axillaris  Braun,  卷曲丽藻N. crispa Imah.,柔细 丽藻N.  gracillima Allan,  拟扇形丽藻不完全变种N.  pseudoflabellata var. imperialis,阿鲁轮藻 Chara arrudensis Mendes.     

苞藜属在藜科中的系统位置的订正

Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu was established on the basis of B. bracteata Kung et G. L. Chu described in 1978 from Diebu County on the border between Gansu and Sichuan provin- ces.  It is placed in the tribe Chenopodieae in 《Flora Reipulicae Popularis   Sincae》, but considering its flowers with a bract and 2 bracteoles it is betwter transferred to the tribe Polv- cenmeae. So far the tribe Polycnemeae contains 4 genera in total, i.e. Nitrophila S. Wats. with 4 species, distributed in Southwestern US, Mexico and Argentina, Hemichroa R.  Br. with 3 species all in Australia, Polycnemum Dumort. with 4 species in Europe,   Mediterranean, Middle Asia to Siberia, Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu with 1 species, occurring in central China with a very limited area.     

木兰科分类系统的初步研究

A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed.  This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology.  Different  authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I).  Since I have been engaged in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family.  According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.      The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic.  In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan.   Moreover,  one  genus (Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region.  The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.  The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.      The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family.  Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus.   These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae.  It is worthwhile discussing their morphological  characters  and distributional patterns as follows:      The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel.  This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae.  Eighteen out of a total  of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis  and M. mega- phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang.  There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).      The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole.  The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas  and northeast India.  The evergreen species are distributed from northeast  Yunnan  (China)  to  the Malay Archipelago.  In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi- tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.      The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an- thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few. Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to the second largest genus of the family.  About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca,  and  M. flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center of the family under discussion)  and extend eastwards to Taiwan  of  China, southern Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China. westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).      The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan and radiate from there.  The farther away from the centre, the less members we are able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology.  In this old geographical centre there are more primitive species, more  endemics  and  more monotypic genera. Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan, China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world.     

中药金芎原植物的研究

 A comparison of morphology, karyotype and the chemical compounds among “Jinxiong”, Ligasticum chuanxiong Hort. and L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong shows that “Jin- xiong”, like L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, is a triploid and its karyotype is similar to that of L. chuanxiong with the formula K(2n)=33=24m+6sm+3st(SAT).   Thin-layer chromato- graphy of essential oils extracted from stem tubers confirms that the three taxa are extremely alike in chemical compounds. Using the features of leaves and the forms of stem tubers, they can be easily distinguished.  A new triploid cultivar of L. chuanxiong Hort. i.e.L. chuan-xiong cv. Jinxiong   is described for “Jinxiong” in the present paper.     

中药抚芎的原植物及其与川芎、藁本的比较

The  vegetative  characters of  Ligusticum  chuanxiong  Hort.  cv.  Fuxiong are described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squash method. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+ 4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinen- se, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat).      The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid.     

关于紊蒿属与百花蒿属异同的商榷

 It is quite unreasonable reducing Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling into Stilprolepis Krasch. and it is so wrong idea attributing the achenes and cupuliform corolla (as a matter of fact, the cupuliform corolla is originally from the Stilpnolepis Krasch.,  not from Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling) of Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling to “earlier Development” in the paper published in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 23(6): 470-472. 1985.      In Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling, bracts of capitula herbaceous, obviously floccose on the abaxial surface and membranaceous only on the margin, corolla of bisexual florets tubu- lar, achenes oblique, obovoid, and the exine of pollen grains minutespinulate, but in Stilpnole- pis Krasch., on the contrary, whole bracts membranaceous, glabrous, corolla of hermaphrodite florets cupuliform or campanulate, achenes long-clavate or fuciform and the exine of pollen grains remarkably spiny.     

中国绞股蓝属(葫芦科)的研究

 The genus Gynostemma B1. consists of 13 species and 2 varieties in the whole world, among which 11 species and 2 varieties occur in China. They are distributed in S. Shaanxi and the southern part of the Yangtze River (including Taiwan province) in China and also in Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, India and Malesia. Based on the characters and dehiscence of fruit, the genus Gynostemma B1. may be divided into two subgenera, i.e. Subgen. I. Gynostemma and Subgen. II. Trirostllum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu ct S. K. Chen, comb. nov.        1.  Subgenus Gynostemma. The fruits are baccate, globose, 3-umbonate and incorni culate on the apical side, indehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is bifid.       Type of subgenus: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak.       This subgenus contains 8 species and 2 varieties in the world, among which 6 speci- es and 2 varieties occur in China, i.e.1.G. simplicifolium B1. (Yunnan, Hainan of Guang- dong); 2. G. laxum (Wall.) Cogn. (S. Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong and Guangxi); 3. G. burmanicum King ex Chakr. (Yunnan), 3a. G. burmanicum var. molle C. Y. Wu (Yun- nan); 4. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. (S. Shaanxi and the soutern area of the Yangtze River of China), 4a. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. var. dasycarpum C. V. Wu (Yun- nan); 5. G. pubescens (Gagnep.) C. Y. Wu, st. nov. (Yunnan); 6. G. longipes C. Y. Wu, sp. nov. (endemic to China: Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Guangxi).       2.  Subgenus Trirostellum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen, comb. nov.——Trirostellum Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie in Acta Phytotaxonomia Sinica 19 (4): 483. 1981, syn. nov. The fruit are capsules, subcampanulate, 3-corniculate on the apical side, dehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is luniform and irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely bifid.       Type of subgenus: Gynostemma cardiospermum Cogn. ex Oliv.      This subgenus comprises 5 species, which are all endemic to China.  1. G. yixingense (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Jiangsu and Zhejiang); 2. G. cardio spermum Cogn. ex Oliv. (Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan); 3. G. microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (S. Yunnan); 4. G. aggregatum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (NW. Yunnan); 5. G.laxiflorum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Anhui).     

中国种子植物特有属的数量分析

Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be- ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera.  These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo- sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant.  The tropical type containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type with 23 families and 50 genera.  There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin- kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae.  It shows that genera endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.      The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin- ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China.  Phylo- genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive.  The life forms of all ende- mic genera are also diverse.  Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor- tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.       Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn as follows:       Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en- demic to China and may be their original or  differentiation area,  because  numerous endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces.  The second is Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera.  Others form a declining order, south China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de- crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.       The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces.  But between any other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro- vinces than between two north provinces.       These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate, and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence for a long time.     

银屏牡丹——花王牡丹的野生近亲

 Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw et L. A.  Lauener (  ＝P. spontanea ＝ P. jishanensis) has been considered as the wild form of widely  cultivated P.  suffruticosa.  However,  the subspecies differs from the cultivated one in  shape, division and indumentum of leaves and reproductive biology. As a result of extensive  field work, a form with two individuals in Yinping Shan, Caohu, Anhui, and Songxian,  Henan, are found to be extremely similar to P. suffruticosa, but apparently different from  P. jishanensis. The form is considered to be the wild one of P. suffruticosa and described as new: P. suffruticosa subsp, yinpingmudan Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie.     

半蒴苣苔属的研究(续)

The genus Hemiboea is a curious genus of the tribe Didymocarpeae (Cyrtandroi- deae), characterized by its peculiar pistil with one fertile carpel and its follicle-like capsule. This genus has not yet been thoroughly studied since its establishment by C. B. Clarke in 1888.  In the present paper, the taxonomic history is briefly reviewed; the external morphology, leaf his- tology, pollen morphology and geographical distribution are discussed; a key to the 21 species recognized by the author is provided; and the economic uses reported in various publications are summarized.       I.  Morphology       (1)  Sclereids  The foliar sclereids, occurring in this genus and defined by their forms, fall into two types.       (A) Vermiform selereids  This type of sclereids is noted in 15 species and may be clas- sified into two groups according to their positions in leaf tissues.  Those of the first group are interspersed in the ground tissue around the vascular bundles of leaves and noted in 12 species, i.e.H. longisepala, H. cavaleriei, H. bicornuta, H. fangii, H. omeiensis, H. gracilis, H. glandulosa, H. mollifolia, H. pingbianensis, H. parviflora, H. strigosa and H. gamosepala, and those of the second group are dispersed in the mesophyll, occurring in H. subcapitata, H. henryi and H. latisepala.       (B) Astrosclereids The sclereids of this type are discovered for the first time in Hemiboea, dispersed in the mesophyll of a single species, i.e.H. lungzhouensis.      No foliar sclereids are found in the remaining 5 species, i.e.H. integra, H. flaccida, H. longgangensis, H. subacaulis and H. follicularis.      The differences in forms and positions of the foliar sclereids and their absence or pre- sence are of great help in understanding the relationship between the infrageneric taxa.    (2)  Pollen grains  The pollen grains of 19 species were examined with LM and SEM. They are 3-colporate, subglobose or prolate, 20-38.8×22-28μm.  The exine  is  1.3-2μm thick and the sculpture is foveolate (e.g.H. cavaleriei) to reticulate (e.g.H. omeiensis).  In Sect. Subcapitatae the pollen grains are subglobose or prolate, while those of Sect. Hemiboea are prolate.       No pollen grains are observed in anthers of 13 speciemens of H. subacaulis var. subacaulis and var. jiangxiensis.        (3)  Seed-coat Under SEM the seed-coat exhibits considerable diversity in the genus, fur- nishing useful characters for explaining the relationship between the two sections.       2.  Geographical distribution  The genus Hemiboea ranges from the eastern border of the Xizang Plateau and Yunnan Plateau eastwards to Ryu Kyu Islands, and from the southern slope of the Qinling Range southwards to northern Vietnam.  The karst region of S. E. Yun- nan and W. Guangxi is the centre of maximum variation of the genus and is probably its origin centre, where the most primitive taxon exists, and where more species (13 species, i.e. 61.9 per cent of the sum total) and more endemic species (8 species) are found than elsewhere.       3.  Classification  The genus consists of 21 species and 6 varieties which are classified into 2 sections.  The Clarke's classification is accepted, but emended here as follows:       Sect. 1. Subcapitatae Clarke Sepals free or posterior ones connate.  Muri of the seed-coat laevigate or rugose; bottom of meshes flat, smooth or with few verrucae.  Pollen grains subglo- bose or prolate.       Sect. 2. Hemiboea Sepals connate.  Muri of the seed-coat tuberculate or aliform-tuberculate; bottom of meshes flat or concave, with dense verrucae.   Pollen grains prolate.       Based on the analysis of external and internal morphological characters, the main evolu- tionary trends in the genus are discussed and enumerated, and a hypothesis indicating the re- lationships between the two sections is given.     

中国特有的露蕊乌头亚属及铁破锣的染色体研究

The paper reports chromosomal number and chromosomal morphologies of annual Aconitum gymnandrum endemic to China and Beesia calthifolia for the first time.  Of the two spcies, chromosome number is same (X=8, 2n=16) and chromosome average lengths are 6.17μ , 10.73μ respectively.  The longest chromosome 1, the short chromosomes 3-5, 7 and the shortest chromosome 8 are metacentrical (m), the chro- mosomes 2, 6 are submetacentrical (sm), and the pairs 4, 5, 8 have satellites in the karyotype of A. gymnandrum.  In B. calthifolia, all of the chromosome 1-5 are the long m, the chromosomes 6, 8 are the short sm and the 7 is telocentrical (t). The pairs 3, 4, 6 have satellites.      According to the comparison of karyotypes of three subgenera—subgen. Para- conitum, subgen. Aconitum and subgen. Gymnaconitum in Aconitum, the evolution trend of chromosomes is further discussed.      Finally, the relationship between Aconitum and Beesia is also discussed in thispaper.     

蜘蛛抱蛋属(百合科)的细胞分类学研究(1)——四川七个种的核型

In the work mitotic chromosomes in root-tips of 7 species native to Sichuan Pro- vince were examined and their karyotypes were analysed based on 7-8 cells at mitotic meta- phase, using Levan et al.'s (1964) nomenclature. The list of species and origin of the materials used in this work are provided in the appendix.  The micrographs of mitotic metaphase of all the materials are shown in Plates 1 and 2; the idiograms in Fig. 1, 1-9, and the parameters of chromosomes are provided in Tables 1-9.  All the chromosome countings and karyotypes in this paper are reported for the first time.      Characteristics of the karyotypes may be summarized as follows:      1.  2n=38 are found in all the materials except A. sichuanensis, which has 3 cytotypes, i.e, 2n=38+5B, 2n=38+lB and 2n=38+OB (Plate 2, 1-2, Fig. 1, 5-6).      2.  The karyotypes are of two major types: the karyotype of A. flaviflora falls into 3C in Stebbins's (1958, 197l) classification of karyotypes and those of all the other species into 2C. The two types are also different from each other in the number of large and medium-sized chromosomes pairs and morphology of the first pair of chromosomes (compare Plate 2, 5, Fig. 1, 9 with the other micrographs and idiograms).A. flaviflora with the karyotype 3C also differs from the other species in a series of gross morphological characters: the species is of a yellow and campanulate corolla.      3.  The species with caespitose leaves (A. caespitosa and A. omeiensis) have essentially the same karyotype, which is rather different from those of the species with scattered leaves. There are two pairs of small sm chromosomes (arm ratio ≥1.90) in the former karyotype (Tables 1 and 3), but all the small chromosomes are m or sm with arm ratio <1.80 in the latter karyotypes.