浙江大明山花岗岩地貌景观特征与演化

浙江大明山花岗岩是早白垩世中国东南沿海区域大规模岩浆活动的产物之一。新生代以来的地貌演变,大明山形成了丰富多样的花岗岩地貌景观,整体表现为花岗岩的峰丛地貌。通过对大明山一带花岗岩地貌的实地调查研究,本文阐述了该区花岗岩地貌的地貌分区及典型地貌景观特征,总结了大明山一带花岗岩地貌的地貌模式,并分析其成因与演化过程。     

陆壳再造与大规模岩浆活动造就华夏地块的巨量金属矿床——973计划项目"华夏地块中生代陆壳再造与巨量金属成矿"取得重要进展

陆壳再造是大陆地质演化中一个十分重要的地质现象,它包括大陆地壳的结构重建和成分重组地质过程.我国华南地区在地质上是由扬子地块和华夏地块组成的,其中扬子地块具有克拉通性质,而华夏地块则发育独具特色的面型陆内造山带,经历了多期复杂的陆内构造、变质和岩浆作用,发生了强烈的地壳成分重组和结构重建,形成了全球罕见的巨量有色稀有金属矿产资源.因此,华夏地块的陆壳再造过程、大规模岩浆活动及其与该区金属矿床的形成关系是国内外十分关注的一个重要科学问题.973计划项目"华夏地块中生代陆壳再造与巨量金属成矿"以华夏地块"南岭成矿带""武夷成矿带"和"钦杭成矿带"为重点研究地区,选取典型矿集区及区内有色稀有多金属矿床,以不同类型花岗岩成因及成矿专属性为主线,围绕"陆壳再造过程中的构造-岩浆活动与巨量金属成矿机理"这一关键科学问题开展研究工作,主要研究内容包括:(1)华夏地块陆壳再造过程、花岗岩时空演化与壳幔作用;(2)陆壳再造过程中元素迁移富集机理、成矿专属性与典型矿床成矿作用;(3)华夏地块有色稀有多金属矿床成矿规律.项目共设立6个课题,分别是:中生代陆壳再造的背景与过程;中生代花岗岩成因与成矿能力;陆壳再造过程中元素行为与热液成矿; "改造型"花岗岩钨锡稀有金属成矿作用;"同熔型"花岗岩铜铅锌多金属成矿作用;华夏地块巨量金属成矿规律.     

黑龙江兴安大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹类型划分

地质遗迹类型的正确划分是确定研究地质科学价值的前提,是实施地质遗迹有效保护的科学依据。根据地质景观特征,将黑龙江兴安大峡谷地质公园自然地质遗迹,划分地层剖面遗迹、岩浆侵入体遗迹、地质地貌景观遗迹、水体景观遗迹四大类,进而再详细划分出十三亚类,使园区地质遗迹特征轮廓非常清晰。该划分方法对于我国同类地质公园地质遗迹类型划分有着明确的借鉴意义。     

河南省西峡县水地沟金矿区地质特征及找矿前景

通过对河南省西陕县水地沟金矿区成矿地质背景及矿体地质特征的分析,阐述了本区区域地层是一套以火山—火山沉积岩为主的变质岩系,断裂构造发育,岩浆热液活动频繁,岩石变形变质强烈。区域内出露的加里东期斜长花岗岩体(花岗)闪长岩和燕山期黑云母二长花岗岩体,与成矿关系密切,提供了成矿物质来源。该区成矿地质条件良好,找矿前景乐观。     

五极纵轴测深的应用效果

测区历经多期次构造～岩浆活动,具有良好的成矿地质条件,本区投入五极纵轴测深方法,形成了重要的断面异常,取得了较好的应用效果。     

牡丹江东部印支晚期酸性侵入岩岩石地球化学特征

鸡东-老黑山花岗岩岩带位于敦密断裂的东部,兴凯湖-布列亚山地块区的老爷岭地块,张广才岭-太平岭边缘隆起带上。该花岗岩总体呈NNE-NE向延伸。其上发育不同期次的花岗岩体,以中生代晚印支期花岗岩占主导地位。本文通过该花岗岩带南段牡丹江东部的1∶5万地质填图工作,结合区域地质研究,对印支期花岗岩体作了解体,本文通过酸性岩体的硅酸盐、稀土、微量成分分析和综合研究,探讨其岩石地球化学特征及空间分布规律,并在此基础上探讨其形成的大地构造环境、岩浆物质来源、性质等地质问题。     

镜泊湖

镜泊湖世界地质公园位于黑龙江省东南部牡丹江市的宁安县,距牡丹江市区110千米。地质公园类型为火山地质地貌、水体景观、花岗岩地貌。园区地处张广才岭和老爷岭两山脉之间,南西高北东低,海拔241～1109米,最高点1109米,最低点241米,相对高差多在100----500米之间。总面积1400平方千米,主要地质遗迹面积1300平方千米。     

基于ArcGIS不同地貌形态的耕地景观格局分析——以田东县为例

运用景观生态学的研究方法,借助于ArcGIS9.3和Fragstats3.3,以2011年田东县土地利用变更调查成果为基础,选择合理的景观指数,对田东县不同地貌形态的平马镇、义圩镇和作登乡耕地景观空间格局进行分析。研究表明:受地形地貌和人类活动的影响,同一地貌形态区旱地的破碎化程度高于水田;不同地貌形态区耕地破碎化程度右江河谷的平马镇相对较低,北部土石区义圩镇和南部石山区作登乡较高。     

花岗岩混合问题:与玄武岩对比的启示——关于花岗岩研究的思考之一

最近,花岗岩混合成了花岗岩研究的热点,国内外许多学者探讨了花岗岩混合问题,并尝试用不同端元组分不同比例的混合来解释花岗岩的地球化学变化.本文从花岗岩与玄武岩的对比出发,探讨了花岗岩混合的可能性和局限性.作者认为,花岗岩混合的现象是普遍存在的,但是次要的和局部的.岩浆混合的能力或能干性(competence of mixing)主要取决于岩浆的黏性和温度,而黏性又与硅氧四面体有关.相对于玄武岩,花岗岩的SiO2含量高,温度低,因此,花岗质岩浆的混合能干性很低.玄武质岩浆的混合是mixing(以化学混合为主),而花岗质岩浆的混合通常只是mingling(以机械混合为主),只有在少数情况下才能达到mixing的程度,例如,埃达克岩与地幔混合形成的高镁安山岩或高镁埃达克岩.许多人认为,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据.研究表明,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体大多是闪长质成分的,其初始成分大多是玄武质的.因此,暗色微粒包体不是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据,而是玄武质岩浆混合能力强过花岗质岩浆的证据.与玄武质岩浆的起源比较,花岗质岩浆从一开始熔融就是不均一的,这源于源区的不均一及熔融过程的复杂性.花岗质岩浆原始均一性的假定是不可能的.花岗岩成分的变化以及在哈克图解中成分点的"连续谱系",主要是由源区不均一性引起的,混合和分异可能有一定的作用,但毕竟是次要的.花岗质岩浆从源区生成、迁移、直至在地表喷出或在浅部定位的全过程,是一个不断均一化和不均一化的过程.但是,由于花岗质岩浆的黏性大,上述过程及岩浆演化的程度和规模都受到限制,也限制了岩浆混合的程度和规模.许多人仅从花岗岩地球化学成分的变化来研究花岗岩的成因,而很少考虑花岗岩物理性质对岩浆演化的制约.对比玄武岩与花岗岩,我们认为,地球化学方法在花岗岩中应用的范围和程度可能远远不及玄武岩,我们应当重新考虑花岗岩的地球化学应用问题.     

早白垩世晚期玄武岩成因探讨

玄武岩作为地球上分布最为广泛的火成岩之一,是地质学研究的重要对象。对前人研究工作的系统总结,不同玄武岩形成的控制因素主要有地幔类型、源区特征、部分熔融程度、岩浆起源深度、结晶分异、地壳与地幔及岩石圈和软流圈之间的圈层作用。本文主要从部分熔融程度、岩浆起源深度、源区特征及各圈层间的相互作用等方面对玄武岩的成因进行了较详细的概括。虽然赣南-粤北地区早白垩世晚期玄武岩的地质时代归属、岩石学特征、岩石系列的划分有了一定程度的认识,但仍存在一些问题有待深入研究。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese