大数据环境下地方特色数据库的建设——武汉城市文化文献数据库建设探析

在当今信息资源网络化、共享化的大数据环境下,如何建设具有地方特色的数据库,以传播和发扬本地优秀文化,促进本地的经济发展。本文以江汉大学图书馆建设的武汉城市文化文献数据库为例,从建设意义、建设思路、系统平台搭建等方面进行了分析,并对大数据环境下地方特色数据库建设的方向进行了探讨。     

MAPGIS土地调查数据库管理系统在土地利用数据库建设中的应用

为了保证土地利用数据的现势性和准确性,以MAPGIS城镇土地调查数据库管理系统为依托,对土地利用数据进行系统性管理显得尤为重要。该系统包括了图形查询、属性数据查询、信息检索查询、数据变更、统计输出、成批录入等主要功能,本文就简单的介绍了MAPGIS城镇土地调查数据库管理系统在土地利用数据库建设中的几点应用。     

基于GIS的长春市水资源可持续管理信息系统

按照安全性与开放性并重、领先性与成熟度并重、有效性与易用性并重原则,开发了基于GIS和网络技术的长春市水资源可持续管理信息系统。系统平台包括硬件条件、软件环境、网络支持和管护人员,数据库包括基础数据库、方法数据库、模型数据库、动态数据库、地图数据库和多媒体数据库,子系统包括系统控制子系统、数据维护子系统、系统管理子系统、信息查询子系统、动态监测子系统、分析预测子系统和信息发布子系统。系统的应用将使城市水资源管理由经验管理、定性管理转向科学管理、定量管理,为建设节水型城市提供决策依据。     

中国现代农业基准数据工程的战略思考

本文在介绍国内外农业数据库建设与发展的基础上,阐述了现代农业基准数据的概念与内涵,基于中国国情提出了具体建设目标与建设原则,并从标准体系研建、关键设备研发、基础设施建设、数据库建设、应用系统研发五个方面介绍了现代农业基准数据工程建设的主要内容,拟定了包括顶层设计、技术研发、试点示范和推广应用四个阶段的实施方案。     

安全性云资源数据库技术的分析研究

随着云平台的推广使用,平台应用已经初见成效,部分业务系统应用开始逐步向国网云平台迁移。当前云化环境针对基于物理资源部署数据库服务的支撑能力不足、兼容性不佳等问题,严重影响业务系统数据库的上云服务工作开展。我们的研究将以实现云环境下异构数据库的高可用、故障自愈、资源动态调度的系统架构为目标,实现在云环境中对异构数据库的统一运维管理,提升数据库的高可用性和适用范围,为基于云平台、大数据等技术的新一代国网信息化系统建设提供保障。我们将进行基于物理资源的数据库云资源自动化、负载均衡和动态资源调度模型、云环境数据高可用关键技术研究及试点应用、基于物理资源的端到端自动化部署和敏捷交付技术及云环境数据高可用关键技术研究及试点应用的分析策略研究。     

GMOD:通用生物模型数据库

近年来随着生物信息数据的爆炸性增长,管理数据的数据库建设就变得极为重要,甚至成为当代基于各种"组学"的生物学研究的瓶颈步骤。本文通过对通用生物模型数据库(GMOD)系统进行研究和分析,对其发展的过程、主要特点、结构框架等方面进行了系统的分析总结,并重点对该系统的3个重要应用模块:Chado、GBrowse和Apoll,从特点、结构、功能等各个方面进行了详细介绍。最后我们对GMOD应用模块在不同生物信息数据库中的使用情况进行了收集、整理和分类,以方便研究人员借鉴参考。通过以上工作,我们希望为国内广大生物科技研究人员介绍这套国际通用的数据库建立方法和工具,方便研究人员对生物信息数据进行管理和分析,推动GMOD在中国的使用以及生物信息学在中国的发展。     

人文社科专题数据库建设规范化管理的若干问题

[目的/意义] 随着数字化转型的深入,人文社科领域的专题数据库建设不断发展。本文立足大数据、智慧数据等思维,对人文社科专题数据库建设规范化管理的若干问题进行忖思,为数据驱动环境下的人文社科繁荣发展提供指导和借鉴。[方法/过程] 阐释了人文社科专题数据库建设规范化管理的基本内涵,从标准规范、质量控制、开放协同、知识产权、安全管控等方面分析了人文社科专题数据库建设规范化管理的主要问题及相关发展策略。[结果/结论] 对人文社科专题数据库建设实施规范化管理,有利于推进不同领域、不同类型人文社科专题数据库的规范建设、深层次知识开发与智慧服务,对支持建构具有国际视野和中国特色的人文社科话语体系有深远意义。     

国际三大核酸序列数据库的运行与管理模式及对中国的启示

针对中国核酸序列数据等人类遗传资源信息管理的重要课题，以GenBank、EBI-ENA、DDBJ作为研究对象，对其总体情况、运行管理机制、全生命周期科学数据管理模式等进行调研与分析，探讨其数据处理流程特点及跨机构数据共享实现过程，为推动中国核酸序列数据库建设及规范化管理与开放共享提供参考。从发展沿革、建设目标、数据库概况等多方面通过多指标对比分析，总结出中国与国际三大核酸序列数据库在平台组织架构、建设目标、数据共享政策、数据资源与服务和国际合作建设这几大方面的不同，由此提出中国应从宏微观两层面制定核酸数据管理政策，加强核酸数据共享平台的部门分工和人才队伍建设、精品数据库开发建设、问题导向的基因组数据综合集成、数据服务能力建设、国际合作，以及优化数据库性能同时重视核酸数据安全管理等政策建议。     

县级农村土地调查数据库管理系统建设

本文根据农村土地调查数据库管理系统的要求,遵照系统的框架设计和设计原则,建设具有数据输入、编辑处理、统计分析、数据汇总、制图输出及数据更新等功能,以满足各级数据库之间的互联互通和同步更新的农村土地调查数据库管理系统.     

异构系统的电子公文归档与数据交换

随着我国电子政务建设的不断发展,文档一体化建设愈显重要.文档一体化建没的核心技术是从电子政务系统数据库中提取有用数据,进行数据交换及归档.本文主要描述归档系统中采用基于XML的异构数据的集成方法,实现数据互联,异构数据源无缝连接,最终实现异构系统的电子公文归档与异构数据的交换.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence