Effective Dutch School Improvement Projects

This article describes 2 effective school improvement projects in primary education. In The Netherlands, there is a long history of failing innovations in education. The 2 programmes are selected because they are known to be effective. They have almost the same goals (strengthen the school's capacity for managing change, improving teachers' capacity to adapt instruction to student's needs, and prevent and reduce disadvantage, especially in reading and arithmetic) and theoretical background (a balanced mix of the school and class effectiveness knowledge and the concepts of school improvement). They use, however, partly different strategies for school improvement. The characteristics (aims, theory, design, implementation, improvement, outcomes) of both programmes are described. These data are used to discuss what lessons are learned for effective school improvement.     

Effective Tutoring and School Improvement

This article sets out to define effective tutoring and to establish links between effective tutoring and school improvement. Before identifying if a school has improved, one must first ascertain the function of schools. If one accepts Lodge's premise that the function of schools is 'to promote children's learning' (Lodge, 2000), then an improving school is one which improves learning itself. This paper argues that effective tutoring can play a part in helping schools to achieve this goal and outlines some practical ways in which this can happen. It draws on current practice at Greenshaw High School to explore some strategies for improving tutoring in order to impact on schools' effectiveness.     

Effective School Improvement in Mathematics

This article addresses the evaluation of the Mathematics Improvement Programme. The results show that the programme improved the learning results of pupils in grade 3 with half a standard deviation and reduced the percentage of struggling pupils to less than 1%. Fifteen percent of the variance in pupil results is to be explained at the school level. About a quarter of this 15% can be explained by differences between the experimental and the comparison group. All of this condition variance is explained by the experimental variables. Five out of 10 implementation features contribute significantly to differences in pupil results.     

Effective School Improvement: English Case Studies

This article compares 2 programmes in their roles played in stimulating effective school improvement. These programmes are the Local Education Authority (LEA-school district) in Birmingham and the university-inspired project “The Improving the Quality of education for All” (IQEA). The aims and characteristics of both programmes and the national accountability context within which these programmes function are described. Ten primary and secondary schools which are assisted by these programmes were visited during 1 day to compile a picture of each school's improvement journey and the key influences and constraints upon its progress. Emerging factors that appear to promote and discourage the capacity to change are described.     

Linking School Effectiveness Knowledge and School Improvement Practice: Towards a Synergy

A survey is undertaken of the ‘paradigms’ of the academic communities of school effectiveness and school improvement researchers, practitioners and scholars. It is argued that the two ‘paradigms’ are very different, and that this has hindered the improvement of educational practice. Examples are given of programmes which are a ‘blend’ of the two different approaches, and detail is given as to how the school effectiveness and school improvement communities can meet the knowledge needs necessary for improving the quality of schooling.     

From School Effectiveness and School Improvement to Effective School Improvement: Background,Theoretical Analysis,and Outline of the Empirical Study

School effectiveness and school improvement have different origins: school effectiveness is more directed to finding out “what works” in education and “why”; school improvement is practice and policy oriented and intended to change education in the desired direction. That means that in the orientation on the outcomes, input, processes, and context in education, school effectiveness and school improvement also have much in common. In the project Effective School Improvement (ESI), the merger of the 2 traditions has been pursued. In the theoretical part different orientations have been analysed and combined in a model for effective school improvement. Based on this analysis the framework is developed for the analysis of the case studies on school improvement projects in the participating countries.     

有效提升高中学生写作能力的对策

作文教学是高中语文教学改革中的热点和难点,文章对此进行了深入的分析论述,指出了教师存在的观念误区、教育盲区,以及学生的现状及其问题,并为解决上述问题提出了具体可行的措施、训练方法与步骤,介绍了几种行之有效的作文教学模式。     

Developing Students as Effective Learners: The Student Conditions for School Improvement

This article outlines a Student Conditions instrument which is intended to complement existing IQEA mapping instruments. It briefly conceptualises each condition, using a combination of a review of the literature and findings from empirical research from within IQEA. Data from 6,000 students in 36 schools in various IQEA projects are presented and analysed. It suggests that the findings derived from the conditions survey provide a useful focus for the dialogue between teachers and students which is a critical factor in improving students’ learning.     

关于有效英语教学的探讨

有效英语教学需要教师树立立体语言教学观、确立合理的教学目的、引导学生积极参与教学过程并采取教与学相融合的教学方法。树立立体教学观是有效英语教学的观念性前提。确立合理的教学目的是有效英语教学的必要条件,引导学生积极参与及教与学相融合是实现有效英语教学的重要途径和方法。     

Towards a College Improvement Movement

Abstract

In this article I explore some aspects of the apparent ineffectiveness of the post‐compulsory education sector to consistently promote high levels of achievement. I examine a selection of concepts and strategies emanating from the school effectiveness and improvement movement and propose that certain of these are potentially transferable with positive benefits. The self‐improvement, or quality enhancement, trends discernible since incorporation within the the colleges are briefly reviewed. The case is made for the augmentation of these by the importation of key ideas from school‐based studies and innovations, and particular attention is drawn to the sharp contrast between the wealth of these and the dearth of research to date on college effectiveness.     

School Culture,School Effectiveness and School Improvement

The relevance of the concept of culture to school effectiveness and school improvement is explored. Two typologies are developed. The first proposes four ‘ideal type’ school cultures, based on two underlying domains; the second, a more elaborate and dynamic model, proposes two ‘ideal type’ school cultures, based on five underlying structures. Each is discussed for its heuristic, conceptual, methodological and explanatory potential in research in the fields of school effectiveness and school improvement. In distinguishing collegial cultures from collaborative styles, the article advances recent writing on collaboration. From the theory hypotheses about the relationship between school culture and school effectiveness and improvement can be derived as well as techniques to test such hypotheses.     

Towards a Comprehensive Account of Effective Thinking

Due to its strong focus on reasoning and argumentation, critical thinking lacks the breadth required of a comprehensive account of higher order thinking. In particular, critical thinking does not promote reflection on the underlying problems or situations that people think about. This paper reviews various proposed additions to and reorientations of the critical thinking paradigm. It presents a conceptual framework that encompasses the most promising extensions as topics in a broadened account of higher order thinking. This account can be understood as an elaboration of problem solving along two dimensions: Problem types, which are generic thinking situations; and problem solving functions, which are generic thinking tasks. The proposed topic-level account of higher order thinking offers a greatly enlarged view of what should be taught in general thinking skills programs.     

走向3E教学——三述首要教学原理

五星教学模式倡导走向3E教学．即致力于实现学生学习效果好、效率高和主动性强的宗旨。五星教学模式中的不同成分效能等级有别．聚焦完整任务、激活相关旧知、展示论证新知、尝试应用新知和融会贯通掌握都至关重要．应该采用波纹环状教学开发模式来促进实施五星教学。     

Leadership and The Effective School

The article examines the origins and purposes of assessment for learning (AfL) within the National Curriculum Assessment context in England. As a part of the Primary Strategy, AfL became part of the government's drive to improve standards through measuring school outcomes. The authors describe their investigation into teachers' understandings of AfL, how AfL has influenced teaching, learning and assessment in the intervening six years and whether it has established a presence as part of teaching pedagogy.     

有效教学：面向具体的学习者——读鲍里奇的《有效教学方法》有感

加里·D·鲍里奇在<有效教学方法>一书中认为,面向学习者的智力水平、人格特征和社会环境等具体因素是判断有效教学的准绳,其具体特征体现为五种关键行为和五种辅助行为的有机统一.为此,需要在教学中采用多样的教学方法和灵活的教学策略以及交错的教学评价.可以说,他提出的面向具体的学习者的有效教学理论决不是可望不可及的,而是切实可行的.     

Effective Teaching in School Mathematics

Over the past decades, mathematics irtstruction has undergone a ＂reform＂ movement that emphasizes eritical thinking, communication, and collaborative learning over rote memorization or application of formulas, procedures, and basic skills. Analogously, a new set of teaching methods focusing on these goals has been labeled ＂effective mathematics instruction.＂ We should view mathematics as a practical and useful applied science on the one hand, and a means fot improving reasoning and critical thinking on the other.