基于认知负荷理论的有效教学设计研究

有效教学设计应基于学习者的认知规律,设法降低外在、内在认知负荷,同时增加相关认知负荷。在教学设计时,可以采用自由目标策略、关联信息捆绑策略、一步到位策略与多通道策略降低外在认知负荷;采用任务先\"分\"后\"整\"逐步呈现策略与任务先\"简\"后\"繁\"二次呈现策略降低内在认知负荷;采用变异任务策略与嵌入支架策略增加相关认知负荷。     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语-英语知识-认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式.     

从Daniel Gile的“认知负荷模型”解析同声传译的困境

本文从Daniel Gile的“认知负荷模型”解析同声传译.Gile 假设同声传译可以看作是一个脑力处理模式,包含了三种精力,即听力和分析精力L、短期记忆精力M和话语产出精力P,从语言认知的视角来解析同声传译过程中译员完成各项任务的脑力分配,用认知科学的理论来指导同声传译译员的能力训练,从而改善工作表现     

写作智慧内涵及构成刍议

建构写作智慧体系是写作教学的出发点和归宿。建构写作智慧体系,需要整合五个方面的内容:传递写作知识、提升认识智慧、传导认知策略、培养写作技能、传授写作策略。     

高职院校人才培养与企业需求衔接的策略研究

高职院校人才培养与企业需求衔接策略研究是一项\"系统工程\",在实施\"系统工程\"时,必须以全面的观点考虑各个环节寻求两者无缝衔接的关键要素其策略,真正实现高职院校人才培养与企业需求无缝衔接。     

Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (2): Epistemological considerations and a conceptual framework for teaching and learning

The present study builds on earlier work by Meyer and Land (2003) which introduced the generative notion of threshold concepts within (and across) disciplines, in the sense of transforming the internal view of subject matter or part thereof. In this earlier work such concepts were further linked to forms of knowledge that are troublesome, after the work of Perkins (1999). It was argued that these twinned sets of ideas may define critical moments of irreversible conceptual transformation in the educational experiences of learners, and their teachers. The present study aims (a) to examine the extent to which such phenomena can be located within personal understandings of discipline-specific epistemological discourses, (b) to develop more extensively notions of liminality within learning that were raised in the first paper, and (c) to propose a conceptual framework within which teachers may advance their own reflective practice.     

Evaluation of a Local Improvement-Oriented Project for Citizenship Education

Abstract

This article reports the evaluation of a four-year ESEA Title IV political/citizenship education improvement project conducted in elementary and secondary schools of a large, southern metropolitan school system. The project designed and tested an educational improvement model which conceptualized the school as a system with interrelated components which influence student learning. The model focused on classroom teachers as change agents and provided them with five types of support channeled through other parts of the system. The model was first found effective for secondary grades and later for elementary grades. Both process and product were monitored to provide research data on the model. The results, implications and limitations are discussed.     

Learning strategies for making sense out of expository text: The SOI model for guiding three cognitive processes in knowledge construction

This article examines learning strategies that promote meaningful learning from expository text as evidenced by problem-solving transfer. The teaching of learning strategies involves decisions concerning what to teach, how to teach, where to teach, and when to teach. The teaching of learning strategies also depends on the teacher's conception of learners as response strengtheners, information processors, or sense makers. Three cognitive processes involved in meaningful learning are selecting relevant information from what is presented, organizing selected information into a coherent representation, and integrating presented information with existing knowledge. Finally, exemplary programs for teaching of learning strategies are presented. The most effective method for teaching students how to make sense out of expository text is for students to participate in selecting, organizing, and integrating information within the context of authentic academic tasks.     

埃德尔森的编程过程认知模型简介

心理学领域对计算机编程行为进行过许多研究。该介绍美国心理学家埃德尔森提出的编程过程认知模型。这一认知模型描绘了专家编程行为的内在认知机制，具有很强的实用性，为提高编程效率提供了心理学的支持。     

图示工具在协作学习中的应用——基于中美学生协作学习项目的研究

如何设计、利用信息技术提高学习绩效一直是数字化学习研究的焦点。本团队从学习科学视角入手,以"语义图示"为技术着力点,试图通过对图示方式的探索以及图示技术的设计与开发,增强信息技术支持的学习方式并提高数字化学习效果。理论上,在认知任务更为复杂的计算机支持的协作学习中,语义图示有潜力缓解认知负担从而为协作任务提供支持。本文试图探查作为可视化技术的图示方式与工具在远程协作学习中的使用成效,以了解图示工具在协作学习过程中的使用特点,深入挖掘图示方式与工具在协作学习中的潜力。论文通过文献与理论研究提出假设,采用干预自然教学情境的设计研究方法,将图示工具与方法应用于协作任务设计中,通过观察与访谈收集数据,并对数据进行质性分析以说明问题。研究结果表明:在协作任务中,图示方式与工具可以直观明了地呈现内容,并能辅助沟通,缓解学习者认知负荷。其具体表现形式和功用与学习任务、环境与条件有关。初步结论是:图示方式与工具可以通过平衡工作记忆、聚焦思考,促进理解与认知并辅助表达;在协作沟通中,图示工具的使用扩展了沟通方式,有助于提高沟通效果。     

影响大学英语阅读能力提高的因素与教学对策

良好的阅读心理机制和认知方式是提高英语阅读能力的重要前提,找出影响英语阅读能力提高的障碍因素,改进阅读教学策略,并更新阅读教学模式,将有助于大学生英语阅读能力的有效提高。     

从“听得懂”到“做得出”：学生学习能力的深度培养

听得懂却不会做题,这类学习现象屡见不鲜,它让老师和学生们困惑不已。“听得懂≠做得出”,这是有深层次原因的。“听得懂”关涉的是简单的学习行为训练,而“做得出”则牵涉到学习能力的深度培养。从学习的信息加工理论来看,做题涉及到广阔的学科背景知识、认知策略和高度发展的元认知能力。如果从这三方面努力,那么让“听得懂=会做题”也就有了实现的可能,概而言之,最后还是要归结到学生学习能力的深度培养上来。     

听力理解中的信息处理模式和相关策略

本文首先从理论上介绍听力理解及相关学习策略。然后通过分析笔者近期对听力认知策略使用情况的调查结果,探讨有助于听力理解的策略和信息处理模式。最后总结了影响学习者听力的问题并提出相应的建议。     

多媒体自主学习环境下非英语专业学生英语学习策略实证研究

多媒体和网络技术为大学英语教学提供了开放灵活的学习空间的同时,也对学生的自主学习能力提出了更高的要求。学习策略是影响自主学习效果的一个重要因素,本文以910名非英语专业的大学生为被试对象,采用T检验,ANOVA分析和相关分析测试研究了在多媒体环境下不同英语水平的大学生的英语学习策略运用水平以及所在的学校、专业和性别特点,并在此基础上对多媒体环境下教师如何帮助学生提高英语学习策略水平提出了具体建议。     

Novice online educator conceptual frameworks: a mental model exploration of mindful learning design

This research study explores the relationship between the socio-cognitive concept of mindfulness and university educators’ learning design conceptualisations. The multi-method research strategy utilises a concept-mapping exercise to reveal learning designer mental models for comparison with Langer Mindfulness Scale scores and critical event interviews to further illuminate the conceptualisations and factors that impact educators’ thinking when designing online units. Research participants were asked to create a concept map of their learning design and to be mindful of concepts incorporated into a Graduate Certificate of Tertiary Education. The analysis highlights some congruence between educators’ mindfulness dimensions and their learning design conceptual frameworks. The mindfulness scores appear to indicate a propensity to be more mindful in designing curriculum, as indicated by participant concept maps, yet not necessarily towards the adaptive use of technology or learner/activity-based pedagogies. The authors suggest metacognitive strategies to encourage learning design reconceptualisation.     

高职学生英语学习策略研究

学习策略是为了提高学习效率,解决学习过程中所遇到的问题而作出的种种选择和采取的措施,它包括学习者的心理过程,也包括其具体行动。良好的学习策略是学生学好英语的关键,因而,英语教学应将对学生学习策略方法的研究与指导,纳入日常教学工作之中。     

A primer of research on cognitive strategy instruction: The important issues and how to address them

Five types of strategy research are reviewed. (1) We argue it makes sense first to determine whether there is a need for strategy instruction. If there is, (2) development of a treatment with preliminary evaluations can follow, as can (3) formal evaluation of the resultant intervention in true experiments. As instructional need research, strategy development, and experimental evaluation proceed, two other types of research should be conducted. (4) It is important to study the acceptability of strategy interventions to educators and students. (5) Research on material modifications can provide information about how strategy benefits can be made available to students when strategy instruction is not effective or unlikely to occur. Very little strategy instruction has been evaluated in all five types of research covered here, making obvious the need for more systematic research on strategies. Observational, ethnographic, and experimental methods are required in order to address the many issues comprising comprehensive empirical analysis of any type of strategy instruction, with many recommendations made here about how to conduct informative studies.