School Conditions Affecting Implementation of the Primary Program in Kentucky

The Depression is over, displaced by Recession. Newspapers are more concerned over the number of slaughtered Chinese than the number of unemployed, and capitalists emerge from their retreats to proclaim that all is (really) right with the world. But, as a footnote to an era, it may be remarked that scientists, who largely created the machine which our capitalists failed to control, staunchly stood their ground through the darkest years. Even in I 932 Professor Bergen Davis could say, “It is unphilosophical to set a limit to the conquests of physical science. Man has not exhausted the secrets of nature in a few centuries…. I would say that it is a great thing to be young in this year….”     

浅谈信息技术与中学数学教学整合的条件

随着信息技术在中学数学教学中的应用越来越普及,研究信息技术与中学数学教学的整合问题具有普遍意义和应用意义.观念转变、熟练掌握计算机技术的基本操作和选择好的软件平台是信息技术与数学教学整合的条件.     

The Effectiveness of Selected Methods of Radio Education at the School Level

The performance of students who completed a statistics examination under time limits was compared with that of students under no time limits. Another purpose of the study was to determine whether students high or low in statistics test anxiety were affected differentially by these two examination conditions. Twenty-six graduate students who were enrolled in an intermediate-level statistics course were randomly assigned to the two examination groups, timed or untimed. Both low- and high-anxious students performed better on the final course examination under the untimed condition than under the timed condition. However, the benefit of the untimed examination was greater for high-anxious students than for low-anxious students. The results were interpreted using Hill's (1984) and Wine's (1980) conceptual frameworks. The results suggest that differences between high- and low-anxious students in evaluative situations are caused by differences between them in motivational disposition and attentional focus.     

资源技术的功能超越,不等于教学效益的自动提升

随着教育信息化工作的不断深入,包括计算机技术在内的多种技术得到了极大的发展,但摆在我们面前的一个需要思考的问题是“高投资是否带来了高效益,大投入是否带来了大产出”。是否高性能的教学媒体,会自动提升教学效果与效益,本文就教育信息化、教学媒体、媒体技术与媒体效益进行了探究。     

论学校网络教学

本文从信息时代对人才素质结构的要求、网络及网络教学的特点出发，分析了学校开展网络教学的重要意义；探讨以网络与多媒体教育相结合的网络教育的技术实现；分析了网络教学的开展给学校教学带来的新变化、新特点：最后提出了目前开展网络教学的迫切需要关注的几个问题。     

Examining the Effectiveness of Systematically-Designed Web-Based Instruction

The present study examines the effectiveness of using a Web interface for delivering multi-cultural education at a distance. More specifically, this study examines the pedagogical effectiveness of one unit of Web-based instruction on Examining Prejudice. Two research questions guided the investigators: (1) Are there significant gains between the pretest and the posttest for all subjects participating in the study? and (2) Are there significant differences between the mean scores of subjects approaching the information individually and of those working collaboratively?     

关于写作教学有效性的思考

当前中小学的写作教学主要存在写作教学内容缺失、写作指导缺位、写作教学观念落后、一些作文试题的导向错误、写作体式要求失当等问题。要解决这些问题,必须把"写什么"与"怎么写"放在提高写作教学有效性的层面加以反思。首先,要理清写作目标与写作内容的关系,要规定具体的写作课程内容;其次,写作教学的重心应该转移到切实加强对学生"怎么写"的指导上。     

School Effectiveness and Effectiveness Indicators

In spite of continuing investigations, researchers have yet to satisfy practitioners, policy‐makers and the international research community about production of a defensible collection of important indicators for gauging school effectiveness. The research project described in this article had four major purposes: (a) to investigate and compare the perceptions of principals, teachers and area superintendents about the overall effectiveness of schools and effectiveness on specific dimensions; (b) to assess and compare the perceptions of these educators about the importance of the specific dimensions for overall effectiveness; (c) to assess the association between principals’ perceptions of effectiveness on, and importance, of these dimensions; and (d) to probe school‐level differences about the two types of organizations. Perceptual data were obtained from elementary and junior high school principals throughout Alberta, Canada, as well as from teachers and area superintendents in one major city. Schools were rated as most effective in maintaining an appropriate school climate, while the most important dimensions involved climate (elementary), and morale, climate and acknowledging achievements (junior high). Factor analysis produced eight underlying indicators, but it also demonstrated the complexity of the effectiveness construct. Comparisons of effectiveness and importance highlighted some important but least effective areas, such as encouraging academic success and maximizing staff satisfaction. Practical and research implications are elucidated.     

信息化教学的有效性策略研究

信息化教学有效性研究是当前任职教育研究的热点。文章阐述了信息化教学有效性的内涵,并从强化六种“意识”出发,对提高信息化教学的有效性进行了探讨,对于在信息化条件下进行任职教育教学具有很好的理论指导作用。     

教育要因材施教

探讨因材施教原则在我国高等教育教学改革中的具体运用。我国各大高校在高等教育教学改革的进程中 ,注重因材施教 ,努力探索 ,为国家、社会培养出高素质的学生。如浙江工业大学的“提高班”、福州大学在本科生中推行的“导师制”、湖南师大英语A、B、C三层次教学法 ,大学的辅修专业制、我院在英语课程中采用分层次教学 ,文理科学生选用不同的英语教材及实行学分制等     

School Effectiveness and School Attendance

ABSTRACT

Given that the British Government is proposing to require all schools to provide the Secretary of State with details of, amongst other things, their respective truancy rates, this article sets out to demonstrate that attendance figures, as well as examination results, should be modified before publication. It reports on a study involving 5,429 pupils in their final year of primary education attending 138 junior/primary schools in a single authority in Wales and utilises child, home and school data.     

Effectiveness of Computer-Based Chemistry Instruction in Enhancing the Learning of Content and Variable Control Under Guided Versus Unguided Conditions

Computerized learning environments offer several possibilities that can be used to improve the teaching of content along with the process. Research indicates that students benefit from additional guidance, particularly when computer-based instruction requires active construction of knowledge. This study examines the relative effectiveness of guided versus unguided computer-based instruction with respect to regular instruction in improving content knowledge and process skills among students with low and high chemistry achievement levels. The results indicate that the effectiveness of computer-based instruction increases when learning is supported by teacher-directed guidance. Computer-based instruction (with or without guidance) was observed to be more effective than regular instruction in improving process skills particularly for students with high chemistry achievement. However, although the students who received regular or guided computer-based instruction showed significant gains in content knowledge, students under unguided condition failed to construct the expected content knowledge.     

Redefining School Effectiveness

This article examines some of the effects of the focus of school effectiveness research on the single variable of examination success. It considers the English political context within which the use of this indicator has developed and argues that such a focus has caused considerable harm. Finally, it emphasises the need for researchers to develop and use a greater variety of measures of school effectiveness.     

System Level Support for School Effectiveness: A Practitioner Perspective on Work in Progress

The Catholic Education Office of the Diocese of Parramatta administers a system of some 73 Catholic schools, approximately two thirds of which are primary schools. This paper focusses on a series of interrelated initiatives in the system which are aimed at enhancing school effectiveness ‐‐ namely systematic approaches to school development, positive and supportive procedures for principal appraisal, structures to support the professional development of principals and teachers, and emergent practice in the supervision of teachers. These five activites are seen as mutually interdependent in the diocese, with each helping to shape the agenda of the others, while at the same time providing resources which assist in addressing that agenda.

The case study documents the development of the procedures for school development and appraisal by a group which was explicitly charged with the task of exploring the relationship between these two activities at both school and system levels. This led to the development of procedures and support mechanisms which are seen as distinct yet complementary. Principal appraisal contains a strong element of ongoing self appraisal based on performance, while school development procedures have a strong community dimension with the principal in a key role. An outline of these procedures is presented.

Subsequent to the work on school development and appraisal, the Catholic Education Office reviewed its support for professional development. This led to greater clarity about the contribution of various elements of the annual system level professional development program to school development initiatives. A major review of principal professional development was undertaken. The significant elements of the review and the major recommendations to flow from it are discussed.

All the initiatives discussed in this paper are in their early stages, with new procedures for school development and appraisal having been implemented on a working basis for the first time in 1993, and the frameworks for principal professional development being put in place for implementation during 1994.     

学校效能研究与学校重建

追求学校教育质量与效能是当今世界各国基础教育改革的核心要旨.学校效能研究从揭示学校对学生的成就影响开始,其间经历有效学校运动到学校改进运动,其目的是改进学校,使学校成为有效能的学校.学校效能研究在40年的发展过程中在方法论上不断革新,试图揭示学校效能的因素,在实践层面为政府以及学校重建提供理论指引;同时学校效能研究面临着政治化、专门化和技术化问题,问题的解决有待于研究的进一步深化.     

从心理因素谈英语听力水平的提高

英语听力水平较难提高-直是困扰学生的主要问题之一.本文主要从非知识性障碍--学生心理因素分析了学生听力水平难以提高的原因;提出了改进听力教学、帮助学生克服听力障碍从而提高听力理解水平的有效途径.     

School Culture,School Effectiveness and School Improvement

The relevance of the concept of culture to school effectiveness and school improvement is explored. Two typologies are developed. The first proposes four ‘ideal type’ school cultures, based on two underlying domains; the second, a more elaborate and dynamic model, proposes two ‘ideal type’ school cultures, based on five underlying structures. Each is discussed for its heuristic, conceptual, methodological and explanatory potential in research in the fields of school effectiveness and school improvement. In distinguishing collegial cultures from collaborative styles, the article advances recent writing on collaboration. From the theory hypotheses about the relationship between school culture and school effectiveness and improvement can be derived as well as techniques to test such hypotheses.