Unrealistic Expectations for Suicide Prevention: Implications for Counseling Centers

Counseling centers are under intense pressure to prevent student suicide. When a student dies by suicide, the counseling center practitioner may be held liable as though all such deaths are ultimately preventable. Expectations that suicide can be prevented 100% of the time conflict with the actual capabilities of treatment providers and disregard their limited power to control the behavior of others. These expectations also fail to recognize that mental health professionals’ ability to accurately predict suicide is no better than chance. Nonetheless, the unattainable demands placed on clinicians do not originate with higher education but from the treatment community itself. Some of the consequences of these high expectations regarding the behavior of clinicians are reviewed. A plea is made for the treatment community to adopt more reasonable expectations internally and to promote them outwardly among stakeholders.     

大学生自杀心理干预

本文提出了国内高校存在大学生自杀的社会现象;实事求是地分析了大学生产生自杀心理的三个阶段、原因分析;合理地提出了干预大学生自杀心理的建议和措施。     

大学生自杀行为的成因及预防策略

分析了大学生自杀的主客观原因,并从社会、学校、家庭三方面提出预防大学生自杀的对策。指出学校方面,应开展心理健康教育、生命教育和心理咨询,建立大学生心理危机预防体系和专业化师资队伍。构建和谐校园文化,真正为大学生提供良好的校园心理环境。     

Suicide prevention: Guidelines for schools

Adolescent suicide is escalating, especially among White male teenagers who use drugs and/or alcohol, are depressed or cognitively rigid, have maladaptive families, have experienced recent loss, misunderstand death, and know a suicide victim. Teachers can foster suicide resistance by developing teens' cognitive deterrents and encouraging adaptive coping strategies. Recommended assessment tools for potentially suicidal children and teens include the Reasons for Living Inventory and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. For teachers, intervention strategies include listening empathically, asking directly about potential suicide, and breaking confidentiality in cases of an actively suicidal child or teenager. Administratively, helpful strategies are hot lines, suicide prevention training modules, and publicity of popular students' adaptive responses to stress such as drug rehabilitation or therapy. After suicide, administrators should work to diminish survivor guilt, minimize scapegoating, and prevent contagion.     

大学生自杀现象的原因分析及其干预对策

根据近几年的调查显示,大学生自杀现象逐年增多,其后果的严重性可想而知。因此,对大学生自杀现象的原因进行分析,并据此提出干预对策,对于社会、学校、家庭及大学生自身等都有重要的意义。     

MBA Students' Preparedness for Enterpreneurial Efforts

This is a survey of MBA students'preparedness for launching new businessinitiatives or other entrepreneurialactivities. It explores the readiness of theMBA students, estimated on dimensionscomprising knowledge, attitude, skills,experience, opportunity and networks. Thevariation of the postgraduate students'perceptions along these six dimensions andcertain demographic factors, including gender,stage of the MBA programme, students' permanentresidence, their funding source, enrolmentstatus, employment status, marital status andyears of work experience, was considered. Multiple regressions then established therelationship between entrepreneurialpreparedness and the six dimensions. Finally,some broad implications for the MBA curriculumare considered.     

Expanding Counseling Services Through a Collaborative Practicum-Based Resource

Abstract

This article notes the growing challenges for college counseling centers. One solution to these challenges is described as a collaborative initiative designed to actively help university students presenting a range of personal problems with a practicum-based service.     

青少年自杀行为的心理原因探析

青少年是我们国家的希望，现代化建设的后备军。近年来青少年自杀．特别是集体自杀的案例屡见不鲜。造成这些处于花季的青少年自杀的表面原因很多，如考试失利、家境贫寒等等．但是包含在其中的内在因素却是早期不良教育留下的隐患、青少年青春发育期的特点等。作为成年人应该理解、关心他们．帮助他们克服成长过程中的苦恼。     

论犯罪性自杀

犯罪性自杀既是一种自杀行为，又是一种犯罪行为。犯罪性自杀有报复型犯罪性自杀、怜悯型犯罪性自杀和教型犯罪性自杀。在实践中应注意区分犯罪性自杀与犯罪自杀、犯罪性自杀与自杀性违法犯罪的界限。防治犯罪性自杀，刑罚的效果是微不足道的，应着眼于消除促使其产生的各种因素。     

大学生焦虑、抑郁与自杀意念的相关研究

采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）,通过整体分层抽样方法对唐山市四所高校的大学生进行抽样调查,对大学生的焦虑、抑郁与自杀意念进行相关研究。结果表明,大学生中总体上有焦虑的人数比例为19．27％,有抑郁的人数比例为24．22％,有自杀意念的人数比例为11．72％;焦虑、抑郁与自杀意念无性别、年级、宗教信仰的差异;不同专业的大学生焦虑水平存在差异,但在抑郁与自杀意念上则无明显差异;不同生源地的大学生自杀意念有差异,但在焦虑、抑郁水平上则无显著差异。结论：焦虑、抑郁与自杀意念及其各因子有显著正相关。     

新形势下大学生自杀的原因及预防对策

大学生自杀预防是一项系统工程。预防大学生自杀要加强大学生成"人"教育;创设和谐的社会环境;组建温馨家庭环境;健全大学生自杀预防机制。     

College Student Suicide

This article reviews the topic of college student suicide. Empirical and theoretical studies are reviewed. The research is presented in distinct sections. First, we present background information on college student suicide emphasized in a select number of cited literature reviews, followed by a review of a select number of key quantitative studies aimed at investigating risk factors and predictors of suicide among the college student population. Next, we discuss a select number of articles offering suggestions for the treatment and prevention of suicide based on the literature, including those articles that specifically explain developed prevention programs. Finally, obstacles to prevention are examined. Recommendations and future directions for research and practice are examined, which are particularly significant in light of tragic events on many different college campuses in recent years.     

大学生自杀意念的归因研究

自杀是指有意识、自愿的结束自己生命的行为;而自杀意念是指偶然体验的自杀行为动机,但没有采取或实现自杀的外显行为.以大学生中自杀意念预警人员为研究对象,通过对大学生自杀意念的归因分析发现,内外向、神经质、抑郁、精神病性4个因子显著地影响着大学生自杀意念的产生及严重程度.     

脱序型:中国农村女性自杀原因探究

对于中国农村女性自杀死亡率高的原因,许多学者认为是物质匮乏、精神压力、农村社区不发达以及传统封建观念所致。经考察发现,现今中国农村女性的自杀属于脱序型自杀,其主要致因是农村女性处在社会的“现代”与家庭的“封建”,进而又在家庭的“现代”与社会的“封建”中挣扎。挣扎的结果导致脱序,进而增加自杀概率。     

唐山市大学生自我概念与自杀态度相关研究

运用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）和自杀态度问卷（QSA）,对唐山市四所高校本科大学生进行了调查,以探讨大学生自我概念和自杀态度的相互关系,为大学生自杀预防提供依据。     

大学生自杀的诱因与预防和干预对策

近年来大学生自杀人数呈上升趋势,这已引起社会的关注,大学生自杀同其成长环境、家庭背景、社会影响、受教育方式以及人格个性等因素有关,而对大学生自杀的预防和危机干预是可行的,也势在必行。     

危机干预与大学生自杀危机干预

现代社会竞争日益加剧,心理压力、紧张、焦虑情绪日趋增长,大学生自杀以高出一般人50%的比例在上升,尽快普及危机干预的技术已成为一项刻不容缓的工作。文章在对危机、危机干预模式分析的基础上,对如何正确实施危机干预提出了建议。     

Building and Maintaining an Effective Campus-Wide Coalition for Suicide Prevention

Preventing suicide is a commonly shared priority among college administrators, faculty, staff, students, and family members. Coalitions are popular health promotion mechanisms for solving community-wide problems and are valuable in campus-wide suicide prevention efforts. This article provides an example of an effective suicide prevention coalition. Recommendations are offered for other campus-based suicide prevention coalitions. These suggestions are based upon the steps taken to create and implement a suicide prevention coalition at our institution and feedback from our coalition members. Attention is paid to challenges in building and implementing coalitions. Data are provided with regard to perceptions of the coalition's efforts on campus. Future directions for effective coalitions are offered.     

论屈原水死

先秦时代,普遍存在的万物发端于水又复归于水的生命永恒循环(轮回)观的思想与信仰,放逐于沅、湘之间的屈原禀有此思想背景资源。在楚国政治斗争中惨败而彻底绝望的屈原在夏至自沉汨水。     

公安院校大学生朋辈心理辅导的必要性

从朋辈心理辅导的内涵及理论与现实依据入手,对公安院校大学生开展朋辈心理辅导的必要性进行论证,建议通过采取知识普及、选拔培训、转介督导等实施途径,促进公安院校大学生心理健康教育的开展。