关于"教育目的"问题的再认识

“教育目的”涉及教育工作的基本价值取向，有必要对其进行多角度、全方位的再认识，以期形成有关“教育目的”基本理论问题的较系统的思路。     

高等教育哲学视野下普通教育和专业教育的若干思考

普通教育和专业教育在教育目的上具有不同的价值取向,如何融合二者并发挥各自最大的价值是研究的最终目的。适应社会的发展,并促进人的全面和谐发展,是普通教育和专业教育的共同目的;普通教育与专业教育应并行发展互相融合。高校在课程设置上,要体现普通教育,更要重视实践的效果和教师的作用。     

National Cultural Values and Their Role in Learning: A comparative ethnographic study of state primary schooling in England and France

This ethnographic study attempts to define English and French cultural and educational values in primary school. It is maintained that pupil attitudes to education are derived from pupils' sociocultural backgrounds and that pupil attitudes predispose pupils to learning. Pupils interpret both what and how they learn through the medium of the culture to which they belong. English and French educational values are identified through classroom observation, teacher discourse and pupil perceptions. The comparative approach allows the contrastive characteristics inherent in each country's culture to emerge. It is argued that pupil understanding of such educational values as authority, thought or 'la pensee', control over learning and educational goals and how to achieve them are related to national culture and that they have an effect on pupil motivation. The paper is both an example of and an exploration into how culture may affect learning. It suggests that cultural values are more significant for learning than pedagogical styles as it argues that underlying educational values give meaning to styles of pedagogy.     

论法国《教育法典》的教育平等原则：内涵、依据与功能

教育平等原则是法国《教育法典》的三个基本原则之一,具有四重内涵：保障受教育机会平等,通过援助等手段促进实质平等,确保包容性的学校教育,学生参与及社会参与。教育平等能够成为法国《教育法典》的基本原则,一方面具有历史依据,有利于法典保持基本原则和制度的稳定性;另一方面具有宪法依据,从而使这一原则具有充分的民主基础。教育平等原则在法国《教育法典》编纂中发挥了建立基本制度和产生具体规则的功能,真正贯穿于法典,支撑起法典的结构。     

Different Educational Purposes: Different Sport Values

This paper outlines which values attributed to sport would be more compatible with differing educational purposes. The basic criterion used for determining which values deserve priority is that those values that are most compatible with a particular purpose deserve priority. Jewett and Bain's five curriculum value orientations are used to establish five different educational purposes. Sport values particularly relevant to each of these purposes are identified, and some emphases in the organization of sport to enhance those values are identified.     

教育效益的价值基础和基本向度

教育活动中的价值关系是教育效益的基础,由此生成了教育效益结构体系的基本向度。丰富多彩的教育活动由特定的使用价值、商品价值、人的价值及其关系支撑着,教育活动中三种价值既各有特殊地位、客观上存在冲突的可能性,也互为条件,还构成了两个循环过程的协调统一。教育效益是教育活动中三种价值及其关系实现的结果, 包含着基于使用价值、商品价值的基础性效益和以人的价值为核心的建构性效益两个基本向度。     

知识管理在中美教育机构中的应用研究

目前知识管理在教育机构中的应用较为滞后 ,但其思想和方法同样适用于像大学、教育管理部门这样的组织机构。教育机构也可以通过实施知识管理达到提高响应能力和工作效率的目的。在高等教育中 ,知识管理工作体现在面向学生的教学和管理活动中。通过对中美两国教育机构调研的数据分析可以看出 ,在与知识管理相关的因素分析上 ,如知识管理的实施与激励形式、作用力和学校规模等方面 ,中国学校与美国学校在认识上具有不同的相关程度。这些差异反映了两国知识管理发展水平的不同 ,同时 ,对中国的高校实施知识管理具有启发意义 ,即知识管理本身本非目的 ,而是一种手段 ,应将它同具体的工作有机结合 ,才能取得更好的效果。     

和而不同:加尔文和王守仁职业教育理念之比较研究

加尔文是法国宗教改革时期的倡导者,其教育免费理念、职业公平理念对后世的欧洲诸国影响深远。王守仁是我国明代著名教育家,在继承了陆九渊的"心学"学说基础上,创立了影响中国一个多世纪的"王学教育体系",王守仁也积极提倡职业公平理念,主张对学生的教育要"随人分限所及"。通过对二者职业教育理念的异同进行比较研究,发现二者职业教育理念虽有差异,但教育目的却殊途同归。     

麦克莱伦的多元文化教育观及其启示

麦克莱伦的多元文化教育观强调培养学生的批判意识与实践能力,并以学生的自由与解放为根本旨归。他以社会批判理论、后现代主义、马克思主义、弗莱雷和吉鲁的文化研究等为理论来源,对多元文化教育的教育目标、教育内容、教育方法、教师角色做了深刻阐释。     

Perspectives on Australian,Indian and Malaysian approaches to STEM education

STEM education faces an interesting conundrum. Western countries have implemented constructivist inspired student centred practices which are argued to be more engaging and relevant to student learning than the traditional, didactic approaches. However, student interest in pursuing careers in STEM have fallen or stagnated. In contrast, students in many developing countries in which teaching is still somewhat didactic and teacher centred are more disposed to STEM related careers than their western counterparts. Clearly factors are at work which impact the way students value science and mathematics. This review draws on three components that act as determinants of science education in three different countries – Australia, India and Malaysia. We explore how national priorities and educational philosophy impacts educational practices as well as teacher beliefs and the need for suitable professional development. Socio-economic conditions for science education that are fundamental for developing countries in adopting constructivist educational models are analysed. It is identified that in order to reduce structural dissimilarities among countries that cause fragmentation of scientific knowledge, for Malaysia constructivist science education through English medium without losing the spirit of Malaysian culture and Malay language is essential while India need to adopt constructivist quality indicators in education. While adopting international English education, and reducing dominance of impact evaluation, India and Malaysia need to prevent losing their cultural and social capital vigour. Furthermore the paper argues that Australia might need to question the efficacy of current models that fail to engage students’ long term interest in STEM related careers. Australian and Malaysian science teachers must be capable of changing the personal biographies of learners for developing scientific conceptual information. In addition both Malaysia and Australia need to provide opportunities for access to different curricular programmes of knowledge based constructivist learning for different levels of learner competencies.     

Educational Research: Language and Content. Lessons in Publication Policies from the Low Countries

Owing to the growing internationalisation of research, educational researchers in the Netherlands are increasingly expected to publish through the medium of the English language. Though this undoubtedly benefits the communication between scholars, there are also side-effects. This paper discusses problematic issues from three perspectives: (i) the use of a non-native language for communication between scholars in the area of education; (ii) the use either exclusively, or not, of a publication record of such publications for purposes of recruitment and promotion of staff; (iii) the relationships between research groups of different disciplines and/or universities. It will be argued that the demand to publish exclusively in a non-native language has damaging effects as far as the context of education is concerned. Not only will it lead to a denial of one's own background and culture, but the uniformisation, (which is the result of it), will also stifle the rich educational landscape by allowing the publication only of items of international interest. The model of the natural sciences is not adequate for the context of education because of the necessarily more local character of the content of educational problems and production of strategies to deal with these. Thus it will become clear that the integrity of the educational researcher is at stake as the research area is selected.     

The significance of context for the emergence and implementation of research evidence: the case of collaborative problem-solving

One of the fundamental purposes of educational research is to provide evidence to facilitate effective practice. However, the evidence itself does not have much value for practitioners unless key information about the context from which the evidence was generated is also provided. In this paper, we use the word ‘context’ to refer to factors that are relevant for learning, including the interactions that learners experience with multiple people, artefacts, and environments. Unfortunately, in many educational research studies, either these factors do not get the required attention or information about them is presented in an incoherent structure. The resultant lack of information leads to two significant drawbacks. First, it creates confusion among practitioners who want to apply research evidence in their practice. Second, it leads to research studies that on the face of it are similar, but that in reality have resulted from evidence that has been collected in significantly different contexts being included under the same categories in reviews, meta-reviews, and best-evidence syntheses. In this paper, we draw on the concept of ‘relatability’ of evidence and present taxonomy for collaborative problem-solving (CPS) that can be used to provide the valuable information against which research evidence can be indexed. By addressing the need for more detailed information about the contextual factors from which the evidence is generated to bridge the gap between research and practice in CPS research, we aim to exemplify the approach that is needed in educational research more generally.     

从法国“大学校”入学招生的变化谈教育公平

教育公平是教育现代化的重要原则,是各国教育政策的基本出发点。在法国,作为精英教育代表的“大学校”体现出来的社会分层和机会不均一直以来都是不争的事实。然而近些年来,为了适应新的教育环境,寻求自身的发展,“大学校”在招生入学制度上有了变化,并成为促进教育公平的有益实践。本文将解析“大学校”招生制度上的新政策,并试图得出几点有益于我国教育发展的启示。     

基于育人价值取向的高中英语阅读教学设计探索

英语学科育人价值指向与发展学生的学科核心素养,落实了立德树人的根本任务。在高中英语教学中,教师应当在教学设计中渗透情感、态度、价值观的培养,实现育人价值观。本文结合2019版普通高中英语(译林版)新教材为教学实例,旨在探讨育人价值取向的内涵,结合江苏版译林版牛津新教材特点,探索课堂中结合语篇阅读中实施育人价值取向的教学设计和教学运用。     

素质教育引领下的大学外语教学研究与实践

实施素质教育是当代中国教育改革和发展的主旋律,是科教兴国的根本举措,是一种新的教育理念.它有深刻的内涵和必要性,但是,在其引领下的大学外语教学中实施素质教育又存在着诸多问题.鉴于这些问题,必须寻求在大学外语教学中促进素质教育发展的应对策略.     

Disciplinary differences in the use of English in higher education: reflections on recent language policy developments

In post-Bologna Europe, there has been a noticeable increase in English-medium instruction. In this article we take the case of Sweden as an illustrative example of the wider disciplinary issues involved in changing the teaching language in this way. By 2008 the use of English in Swedish higher education had risen to such an extent that it had to be regulated at the governmental level and through university language policies. Such policies have attempted to provide generalised pragmatic guidelines for language use across educational programmes. In this paper we argue that such general policies fail to take into consideration fundamental disciplinary differences and their potential impact on language use. We present a theoretical argument about the knowledge structures of disciplines, relating these to the disciplinary literacy goals of educational programmes. We then illustrate our argument using data from an extensive survey carried out at a major Swedish university. We conclude that the disciplinary variation in the use of English can be seen as a product of different knowledge-making practices and educational goals. This conclusion problematises “one-size-fits-all” language policies which only deal with general features of language use and do not allow for discipline-specific adjustments.     

Students' approaches to learning when entering higher education: Differences between students with senior general secondary and senior secondary educational backgrounds

Recently, more students have entered Dutch higher education. This is a consequence of the possibility to offer students to enter higher education, with a certificate from senior secondary education (SSVE). In earlier days most students in higher education had passed senior general secondary education (SGSE), or even pre-university education. It is to be expected that these ‘new’ students approach learning in a different way compared to the ‘traditional’ students in higher education. The goal of this study was to examine the possible differences between the two groups of students mentioned, and to gain insights in the role possible differences play in the way the two groups of students approach learning. Students' personality characteristics, regulation strategies, learning conceptions and motivational orientations were studied in relation to study approaches. It was assumed that patterns of relations between the variables mentioned would be different for the two groups of students. More specifically, it was expected to find stronger and more crystallised relations between variables within the group of SSVE students. Indeed, when entering higher education, SSVE students scored higher then SGSE students on the personality variables autonomy and conscientiousness; as to their personal orientations on learning and instruction they were more self-test oriented and they scored higher on concrete processing and construction of knowledge. However, the strength and direction of the relations between the variables are the same for both groups. Our findings increase insights into relations between students' personalities and their approaches to learning when entering higher education; this concerns two groups of students from different educational backgrounds. Practically this implies that intake assessments considering personality and self-knowledge might help teachers, coaches and policy makers in advising students how to approach learning, when entering higher education.     

The Ruskin Speech and Great Debate in English education, 1976–1979: A study of motivation

James Callaghan's speech at Ruskin College, Oxford in October 1976 is widely considered a pivotal moment in modern English educational policy. Whilst it is not our intention to challenge this fundamental point, the paper will critically interrogate some long-held assumptions about the motivation that led Callaghan to deliver his speech at Ruskin College. Specifically, the paper will argue that the Ruskin Speech, which spawned a subsequent great debate on education, was motivated by a desire to protect and support comprehensive education, rather than generate more fundamental and radical educational reform away from those principles. Where successive governments have referred back to the ideals espoused by the speech as justification for subsequent educational transformation away from comprehensive ideals, this has only served to imbue the Ruskin Speech and Great Debate with motivations that were not shared at the time by Callaghan and his Labour government.     

探寻康德尔比较教育思想的根基与灵魂--康德尔自由教育思想的再发现

自由教育是美国著名教育思想家康德尔教育思想的重要组成部分。康德尔身处的动荡时代激发了其民主主义的社会理想,早期的生活经历和教育背景则奠定了其历史人文主义的思想底色。康德尔的自由教育思想试图在历史人文主义（传统）与进步主义（现代）之间求得平衡。这种兼容并蓄的特点使康德尔可被称为“现代的传统主义者”。康德尔之所以在美国教育史上未获得足够的关注,是因为他的自由教育思想迥异于当时占主导地位的教育“进步化”和“科学化”潮流。康德尔的自由教育思想不仅具有重要的历史价值,同时对于学界系统地理解其比较教育思想也有一定的启发意义。     

Training efl/esl teachers for a peaceful Asia-Pacific region

In this experimental study which is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection from an experimental and a control group, it has been found that when some educational terms in English Language Teacher Training programs are strengthened in meaning through some adaptations to better convey the message, their effectiveness is increased. Therefore, it is suggested that foreign or second language teachers in the Asia-Pacific region should not teach the target language only for linguistic and communicative purposes but also to introduce characteristics of different cultures and to contribute to educating people who enjoy similarities, respect differences and value human rights.