School Response to a Changing Labour Market

The presumed link between schooling and the economy has been a prime force in motivating educational reform proposals in many countries. Educators feel caught between expectations by many that schools will play a key role in labour market success for young people and the reality that their influence on labour market outcomes is relatively weak. Solving the problem is not possible, but neither is ignoring it. Schools face an intractable yet compelling problem.This paper looks at the way in which school districts in a Canadian province understand and try to respond to changes in the labour market and the nature of work. The paper is based on collaborative case studies of five school districts and surveys of school board members and chief superintendents. We conclude that people in school systems are aware in a general way of labour market changes, and see them as having negative implications for students. However the changing job situation seems to be an important but largely unanalyzed issue. There is relatively little discussion of school-work issues in schools and districts. Administrators and school board members rely on informal sources of information rather than gathering data about their own situation. Schools and districts are using various programmatic devices to address labour market needs, such as partnerships, work experience, or co-operative education, but all of these operate within the confines of a traditional model of schooling. None of the districts has a strategy for this issue or has made it a priority.We conclude with some suggestions for measures schools could reasonably take to respond more effectively to the impact of changes in work.     

Does a Management Degree Do the Business for Women in the Graduate Labour Market?

The increasing dominance of an economic ideology of higher education, that its principal role is to contribute to national competitiveness, has increased focus on the employability of graduates and their transition into the labour market. Drawing on a major study of the early career paths of 1995 graduates from 38 UK higher education institutions, this paper looks specifically at graduates from business and management programmes. Such graduates would apparently be attractive to employers seeking to recruit degree holders with specific transferable skills who might be expected to ‘hit the ground running’ once in organisations. The paper seeks to address the question of what effect holding a business degree has on the employment outcomes in comparison with other degree disciplines and whether or not there is any gender effect upon relative success in the labour market.     

关于职业资格证书制度和劳动预备制度的思考

职业资格证书制度是国家劳动管理制度的一个重要组成部分。实施职业资格证书制度和劳动预备制度，实行就业准入控制并积极推进劳动预备教育，代表了先进生产力的要求和广大人民群众的根本利益。目前，我国仍存在着职业资格证书制度、教育制度不完备和供需错位的问题，因此，推进职业资格证书制度和劳动预备制度，必须加强政府干预职能，提供行业保障和教育保证。     

Hard Lessons for Lifelong Learners? Age and Experience in the Graduate Labour Market

The expansion of the higher education system and widening access to undergraduate study has led to growing diversity within the graduate labour supply, including increasing numbers who studied for their degrees as mature students. Analysis of graduates entering the labour market prior to the major expansion in the early 1990s indicated that those over the age of 30 had considerably more difficulty than younger graduates in accessing the career opportunities for which their education had equipped them. Is this still the case for more recent graduates? Drawing on a major qualitative and quantitative study of a class of graduates who completed their undergraduate degree courses in 1995, this paper explores early career development and employment outcomes according to age at graduation. Although we find considerable diversity among all age groups, mature graduates were more likely than their younger peers to experience difficulty in accessing appropriate employment, had a lower rate of earnings growth and expressed higher levels of dissatisfaction with their jobs.     

Higher Education and the Graduate Labour Market: The ‘Class Factor’

Tertiary Education and Management - This article reviews the literature on the experiences of working-class students at different stages of the student life cycle. It examines the factors...     

The Labour Market,Graduate Competences and Study Programme Development: A Case Study

Developments in higher education are taking place in the wider context of globalisation, the Lisbon strategy and within the framework of the Bologna Process. Designing and developing Bologna programmes by taking into account the needs of the economy is a tool for successful quality assurance in higher education and for close cooperation with the environment. Our contribution aims to present the process of first cycle study programme formation and is based on a case study. By studying three groups of stakeholders, involved in the renewal of the study programme (teachers, students and employers), competences were thoroughly researched. It was found that graduate competences included in the questionnaire are of utmost importance and that they do not differ substantially from the competences of graduates in business studies presented in similar research (e.g. The Tuning Project of the European Commission, and the work carried out by the EFMD – the European Foundation for Management Development).     

劳动力就业结构转化与劳动力市场

对湖南省近些年劳动就业结构状况的分析发现，湖南劳动力就业结构总体上呈优化升级趋势，但其转化速度较慢，且落后于生产力发展水平。因此，完善劳动力市场，运用市场机制优化就业结构势在必行。     

研究生教育中的市场机制

认为研究生教育是一种私人物品,应当适当引入一定的市场机制,实行收费制。收费的原则不应该是“市场化价格”,也不应该是单一的成本补偿形式,而应该是成本补偿与市场化的合理结合。研究生教育市场机制的内容不仅包括实行收费制,还包括要扩大研究生培养机构的办学自主权,实行研究生教育的准入机制以及对研究生教育进行评价和监督。     

Credentials in a More Expressive Future

Abstract

Women working in higher education find themselves in a minority when compared to their male colleagues. In addition, they display different characteristics, as a group, to comparable men. Women, for example, tend to be younger, concentrated within specific subject areas, and clustered in the lower ranks of the academic hierarchy. In this paper, attention focuses upon the analysis and explanation of the variation between the ranks reached by men and women. A number of possible explanations exist as to the basis of this discrepancy. One such explanation concentrates upon the tendency for women to be found in groups unlikely to be considered for promotion to senior rank. In this paper a preliminary exploration and assessment is made of the utility of such arguments when applied to men and women working in higher education in the late 1980s.

The survey of academic staff to which this article refers was carried out bySocial and Community Planning Research (SCPR) during October 1988 in collaboration with its initiator, Professor A. H. Halsey (then director of the Department of Social and Administrative Studies at the University of Oxford). For further information about the technical details of the survey, and for a detailed discussion of its general findings, see Halsey, A. H. (1992)Decline of Donnish Dominion. Parts of the data derived from the survey also formed the core of an M. Phil, thesis on women working in higher education. It is upon this thesis that this article is based.     

大学生就业力的市场印象分析

不少大学生就业力存在明显不足,主要表现在:专业知识有限,实践技能不足;自由散漫,不拘小节;下不了基层,干不了粗活;不负责任地频繁跳槽等。这些不足给就业市场留下许多消极印象,严重制约高校大学生就业率的提升。     

内蒙古西部开发中劳动力市场的规制

内蒙古在西部开发中应当建立统一、开放、竞争的劳动力市场。要加强立法，依法保障劳动为资源合理配置；严肃执法，保障劳动力市场的良性运作；协调劳动关系，依法保护人的合法权益。而完善的劳动力市场必须依靠法律的保障和政策的灵活调整。要吸引、使用人才，在劳动力市场的立法中应把人才的使用作重点设计，要重视智力投资；实行以企业为主的原则，使企业尽快形成各负其责、协调运转、有效制衡的公司法人治理机构；加大对用人单位制定的内部规则合法性的审查，以充分保护当事人的合法权益，创造良好的用人环境。     

吕谭平:市场不断变化,最不可取的是急功近利

短平快的投资模式不适合创业 中国真正的天使投资人还比较少,最近三五年,很多商业上已经成功的人想通过这种渠道来影响和指引下一代,虽然此时天使投资人在增加,但还远远不够.当然,投资失败的案例也很多,但是,如果一个成功的案例可以覆盖十次失败,那么天使投资对社会的意义仍然是很宝贵的.     

A Comparative Analysis of Graduate Employment Prospects in European Labour Markets: A Study of Graduate Recruitment in Four Countries

The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of higher education and the graduate labour markets in selected European countries (France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) in the context of the expectations of graduates and prospective employers, and respective recruitment and selection practices. Expectations of graduating students from a number of European collaborating universities are sought and analysed in order to find out about a match between the knowledge and skills of graduates and the needs of European employers. The study examines the process of graduate recruitment, employee and employer expectations, and the role of higher education institutions in meeting such expectations. Primary data was gathered from 252 employers and 485 final year (graduating) students through the use of questionnaires. The analysis of the data collected has revealed different approaches to but similar methods of graduate recruitment between the four countries. Despite the current differences in higher education systems and labour market trends, the expectations of employers and graduating students are more similar than different. It is concluded that EU graduates will have good employment prospects in an integrated labour market.     

我国高校教师劳动力市场的薪酬分析

随着我国高等教育的普及,高校教师的需求日渐增大.然而高校教师的薪酬却呈现出低于许多人心理预期的现象.本文通过对高校教师薪酬的历史回顾,结合现期的国际、国内比较,分析我国高校教师薪酬差距所在,并对这一职业的机会收益作简要概括.     

劳动力市场分割与大学毕业生失业

具有大学以上学历者占我国全部劳动者的比例非常低 ,但最近几年大学毕业生找工作却有越来越难的趋势。这种看似矛盾的现象是转型过程中劳动力市场分割这一制度背景下 ,大学毕业生与用人单位相互搜寻的结果。过大的城乡收入差距和过高的工作转换成本 ,使大学毕业生“宁要城里一张床 ,不要农村一幢房”,但城里的用人单位却因过高的解聘成本和户口成本而不能吸收更多的大学毕业生。因此 ,大学毕业生就业难的缓解和解决 ,要依赖经济发展 ,也离不开体制改革     

略论高校教育服务市场与劳动力市场

高校教育服务市场和劳动力都是较狭义的概念。高校教育服务市场限定为高校与求学者之间商品交换关系的总和,劳动力市场特指高校毕业生就业市场。文章探讨了高校教育服务市场和劳动力市场各自的供求主客体之间的关系,分析了高校、求学者的市场角色和地位以及两种市场如何沟通联系等问题。以促进高校的发展,使其在市场竞争中立于不败地位,同时对确立求学者(毕业生)的市场主体地位有重要意义。     

国际学校：全球产业与劳动力市场

在全球化力量的推动下,国际学校以前所未有的速度扩散,表现出一些全球产业的重要特征：实行全球一致的质量与产品标准;形成全球公司;拓展全球市场;通过认证形成全球合作的产业链。国际学校的发展与全球劳动力市场的形成具有密切的关系。国际学校针对全球流动的学生提供教育服务,在全球招聘教师与管理人员,触及了劳动力市场分割的问题。国际...     

大学教育与劳动力市场的适切性——基于日欧毕业生调查的实证分析

本研究以日本和欧洲共同实施的两个大学毕业生调查为基础,探讨日本的劳动力市场和大学教育的适切性。调查结果表明:第一,在日本和欧洲,职业取向的教育是促进大学教育与劳动力市场适切性的重要因素;第二,在社会经验欠缺的青年学生占主体的日本劳动力市场中,大学教育存在迟效性;第三,知识技能注入型并非日本特有的教学模式,在同样以适龄学生为主体的欧洲部分国家中这种教学模式同样具有适用性。随着高等教育普及化以及学习者特质的多元化和复杂化,需要对学生特质、教学方式、环境三者关系开展理论性探讨。