思想政治教育主客体研究述评

通过分析思想政治教育主客体理论范式演进,揭示其教育学和哲学认识论渊源。认为教育哲学关于教育者与受教育者关系的反思与哲学二元认识论向交往实践论范式的转换是生成思想政治教育主客体论的认识论来源。     

Action research,stories and practical philosophy

This collaborative piece written by a philosopher/action researcher and an action researcher/philosopher explores the use of practical philosophy as a tool in action research. The paper explores the connection to be made between what we refer to, roughly, as ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ (while never losing hold of either). The connection is made around ideas of ‘practical philosophy’ and social justice. The authors suggest that ‘practical philosophy’ might develop as a ‘philosophy in human practices’. It begins from the understanding that philosophy is rooted in social practice, with philosophy in educational practices being rooted in educational practice. The paper goes on to explore the use of ‘little stories’ as a way into the diversity of significant particularities. Finally the links are drawn with action research. It is argued that the process of reconceptualisation is itself an action that will make a difference as part of a series of action research cycles.     

Disciplinarity and normative education

Drawing on recent interdisciplinary, multidimensional research on civic and religious education in northern Europe, this article explores disciplinary epistemological economies in an era of mounting discontent with the narrowness of mono-disciplinary analyses of complex social and educational issues. It is argued in the article that under conditions of sufficient world complexity, interdisciplinarity provides for a more cogent scholarly approach to educational structures and phenomena than either of the logics of mono-, multi- and transdisciplinarity—the main extant alternatives. It is shown in both conceptual and empirical terms that these alternatives cannot accommodate social and educational diversity, complexity and sprawl other than thinly, hence should mainly be endorsed by universities and research funders for other than epistemological reasons or when there is agreement that the object subjected to analysis is correspondingly thin and isolated. As education in and of itself is a remarkably complex social phenomenon and field of study, it is concluded that interdisciplinary environments may typically be expected to provide a stronger potential for assessing and understanding it.     

Feyerabend revisited: Epistemological anarchy and disciplined eclecticism in educational research

Discussion between the adherents of various orientations within educational research has often generated more heat than light. A pervasive analogy drawn in these discussions has been between the philosophy of science and educational research. In this paper I explore the value of several influential perspectives within twentieth century philosophy of science as means of understanding what researchers in education do, and why. I suggest that Paul Feyerabend’s ‘anything goes’ epistemological perspective has much to offer in supporting rich educational research. If positivist standards of validity and reliability are no longer considered appropriate for some forms of educational research, however, new standards for justification and representation, explicitly stated within the research, will be necessary.     

Book Reviews

This paper is about teaching and learning across the so‐called quantitative–qualitative divide in light of current debates in the US about the definition and quality of educational research. It draws on the author’s research and teaching experiences, her role in the redesign of qualitative methods coursework and participation in a school‐wide effort to improve doctoral training at Harvard Graduate School of Education. The paper explores institutional, cultural and psychological reasons for why the quantitative–qualitative divide persists, including researchers’ own anxieties. It is argued that epistemological tensions in educational research should be sustained and embraced rather than resolved in favor of one side over the other, as is too often the case. The author identifies how qualitative research departs from the quantitative model, placing distinct demands upon students who are learning the craft, and offers suggestions for what might help the process.     

Feyerabend revisited: Epistemological anarchy and disciplined eclecticism in educational research

Discussion between the adherents of various orientations within educational research has often generated more heat than light. A pervasive analogy drawn in these discussions has been between the philosophy of science and educational research. In this paper I explore the value of several influential perspectives within twentieth century philosophy of science as means of understanding what researchers in education do, and why. I suggest that Paul Feyerabend’s ‘anything goes’ epistemological perspective has much to offer in supporting rich educational research. If positivist standards of validity and reliability are no longer considered appropriate for some forms of educational research, however, new standards for justification and representation, explicitly stated within the research, will be necessary.     

The Necessity and Violence of Theory

This paper offers a personal view of the need for and uses of theory in educational research. It draws on the work of two exemplary theorists to point up the epistemological role of theory in making research possible and making it reflexive. The second section of the paper deploys some recent ideas and research from class theory and class analysis to suggest some of the limitations of the use of social class in current educational research and some ways of thinking differently about class.     

论教育学视野下的知识观

传统的知识观是建立在哲学认识论和心理学理论的基础之上的,是一种“物性”标准和“绝对真理”标准,对理解教育中的知识问题具有局限性。教育工作者应站在教育学视野下理解知识及其特性。教育学视野下的知识具有动态性、丰富性、个人性、意义性和严密性等特性。     

Shovelling Smoke? The Experience of Being a Philosopher on an Educational Research Training Programme

This paper is a reflective account of the experience of designing and teaching a philosophy module as part of a research training programme for students studying for research degrees in education. In the course of the discussion, I address various problems and questions to do with the relationship between philosophy and educational research, the nature of philosophy of education and the role of the foundational disciplines in educational research.     

Science education reform in Confucian learning cultures: teachers’ perspectives on policy and practice in Taiwan

This empirical study investigates secondary science teachers’ perspectives on science education reform in Taiwan and reflects how these teachers have been negotiating constructivist and learner-centered pedagogical approaches in contemporary science education. It also explores the challenges that teachers encounter while shifting their pedagogical focus from traditional approaches to teaching science to an active engagement in students’ learning. Multiple sources of qualitative data were obtained, including individual interviews with science teachers and teachers’ reflective journals about Confucianism in relation to their educational philosophies. Thematic analysis and constant comparative method were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that Confucian traditions play a significant role in shaping educational practices in Taiwan and profoundly influence teachers’ epistemological beliefs and their actual classroom practice. Indeed, science teachers’ perspectives on Confucian learning traditions played a key role in supporting or obstructing their pedagogical commitments to inquiry-based and learner-centered approaches. This study draws on the literature concerning teachers’ professional struggles and identity construction during educational reform. Specifically, we explore the ways in which teachers respond to educational changes and negotiate their professional identities. We employed various theories of identity construction to understand teachers’ struggles and challenges while wrestling with competing traditional and reform-based pedagogical approaches. Attending to these struggles and the ways in which they inform the development of a teacher’s professional identity is vital for sustaining current and future educational reform in Taiwan as well as in other Eastern cultures. These findings have important implications for teachers’ professional development programs in East Asian cultures.     

Education research and the natural sciences: What can be learned from chaos theory?

This article explores some aspects of the relationship between education research and the natural sciences. It begins by pointing out that empirical or positivist science of the Modern era has had a powerful influence on the method and on the products of education research. From there the article moves to discuss the post modern sciences of the current era and speculative examples are given of the way they too may influence the method and the products of education research. In conclusion it is argued that this can and will occur as both education research and post modern science inhabit the same cultural and epistemological field.     

Educational Research and Policy: Epistemological Considerations

This article is centrally concerned with the sort of knowledge that can and should inform educational policy—and it treats this as an epistemological question. It distinguishes this question from the more extensively explored question of what sort of knowledge in what form policy‐makers do in fact commonly take into account. The article examines the logical and rhetorical character of policy and the components of policy decisions and argues that policy demands a much wider range of information than research typically provides. Either the research task or commission has to be substantially extended or the gap will be filled by information or thinking that is not derived from research. One of the gaps between research of an empirical kind and policy is the normative gap. In the final section the article points to the inescapably normative character of educational policy. Of course the values that inform policy can be investigated empirically, but this kind of enquiry cannot tell us what we should do. There is a role for research/scholarship and more rather than less intelligent and critical argumentation in addressing these normative questions as well as the empirical questions that underpin policy.     

Bridging Literary and Philosophical Genres: Judgement,reflection and education in Camus’The Fall

Both literature and philosophy, as genres of writing, can enable us to address important ontological, epistemological and ethical questions. One author who makes it possible for readers to bridge these two genres is Albert Camus. Nowhere is this more evident than in Camus’ short novel, The Fall. The Fall, through the character and words of Jean‐Baptiste Clamence, prompts readers to reflect deeply on themselves, their motivations and commitments, and their relations with others. This paper discusses the origin and structure of the book, identifies some of its key philosophical themes, and explores some of its educational implications.     

论哲学与教育的关系

本文站在马克思主义哲学立场 ,对哲学与教育的关系特别是哲学与教育哲学的关系进行了探讨。作者认为 ,哲学作为世界观和方法论 ,对人类的教育实践活动产生着重要影响 ,并且这种影响是通过教育哲学的转化才得以实现的。因此 ,当代中国教育的改革和发展 ,必须重视教育哲学研究 ,通过教育哲学的理性思考 ,为教育改革提供基础理论支撑     

从"抽象的人"到"具体个人"--从人的"图像"的转变看教育哲学的转型

从探讨不同教育哲学中人的图像入手，揭示出不同教育哲学中人的不同图像，以及人的图像如何内在地影响着教育哲学，进而探讨当前社会转型期应该形成人的怎样的图像，以及教育哲学面临着怎样的转型。     

当代我国教育哲学研究的态势及其思考

在回顾和分析我国1979年以来教育哲学研究文献的基础上,认为当今教育哲学研究应关注教育实践、关注各种社会思潮,对教育发展中提出的一些根本问题从方法论的高度给以理论上的阐明和科学的预测,使教育哲学切实发挥指导教育实践的作用。     

Personal epistemology and relational pedagogy in early childhood teacher education programs

Over the last decade, research related to personal epistemological beliefs has offered insight into how to promote effective teaching and learning across educational settings. Personal epistemological beliefs reflect an individual's views about what knowledge is, how knowledge is gained, and the degree of certainty with which knowledge can be held. However, there has been no research that specifically investigates the relationship between such epistemological beliefs and early childhood practice. This paper draws together current research findings on epistemological beliefs and tertiary learning to provide a conceptual framework which can be used in early childhood teacher education programs to provide a basis for investigating early childhood teachers' understanding about their own learning and how they use this knowledge in their practice.     

略论中国现代教育哲学的发展

中国现代教育哲学作为一门学科的出现,是在中国现代学校教育制度确立之后。中国传统教育哲学的基本精神是“天人合一”和“知行合一”。中国现代教育哲学的研究主要存在三方面的问题：１、中国现代教育哲学的发展未能古今贯通和中西合璧;２、中国教育哲学研究存在着“五多五少”现象,也一定程度上减缓了中国教育哲学的发展速度;３、教育哲学的理论困惑。促使新世纪中国教育哲学更好地发展,可以从四方面把握：１、确定研究方法论     

立足本土经验 推动国际合作——“哲学在教育和教育研究中的角色”国际学术研讨会综述

"哲学在教育和教育研究中的角色"国际学术研讨会围绕教育公平、教育改革、教育研究方法、教育哲学等议题,对在当前中国教育和西方教育所遇到的诸多价值层面和方法层面上的问题进行了反思和探讨,推进了教育哲学的研究.     

Metaphors in knowledge and metaphors of knowledge: Notes on the constructivist view of learning

As the scientific change problem is at the center of epistemological research, the conceptual change problem is widely discussed in didactical research. In this paper common features of both problems will be discussed. Recent ideas on the role of analogies and metaphors in the growth of scientific knowledge are analyzed in order to show their relevance for scientific education problems. These ideas are also confronted with the image of scientific learning put forward by pedagogical and epistemological constructivism. In this perspective, the analysis of Maxwell's views about metaphors and analogies seems to give a deeper insight as to the problem of scientific change and scientific abstraction which still require clarification in educational and epistemological reflection.