The Future of English

英语被视为国际语言。据统计,在非英语国家越来越多年轻人在学英语,另外学英语的热潮也势不可挡。人们从学公共英语逐渐过渡成学专业英语。那么未来十年,人们将以怎样的态度去学英语?英语的未来发展趋势又是怎样?     

The Service of the Association∗

This article begins with an acknowledgment of the complexities of religion's position in the English school system that open it to diverse interpretations. It uses research in a variety of schools to illustrate three different approaches to religion: doxological, sacramental, and instrumental, founded, respectively, on certain faith in God, on openness to the possibility of God, and on a default scepticism. The contested nature of religion's place in schooling is acknowledged and, in response, both secular and religious reasons are given for hearing religious voices in the educational sphere. The argument is made that an equitable religious-and-secular settlement is dependent on “religiously understood” religion being allowed into the conversation. The relationship between penultimate and ultimate is used to analyze each of the three approaches for their engagement with “religiously understood” religion and their contributions to religious and secular understanding.     

The Stratification of Youth Training∗

Abstract

This article is based on surveys in 1988 among representative samples totalling 4,247 16‐19 year olds from four areas (Kirkcaldy, Liverpool, Sheffield and Swindon), of whom 1,562 had some experience of Youth Training (YT). The young people's likelihood of entering YT depended primarily on their educational qualifications and where they lived. Trainees’ chances of being kept on by the firms where they were trained depended mainly on their types of schemes and their performances during training, indicated by whether or not they earned any additional qualifications. The chances of those not retained moving immediately to jobs with other firms were more dependent on their school‐leaving qualifications and where they lived. The authors interpret their evidence to argue that employers’ uses of YT in the late‐1980s were creating increasingly clear divisions between sponsorship, contest and warehousing sectors.

     

The School and the Reduction of Inequality∗

ABSTRACT

The need to develop reasoning skills in children through discussion is generally acknowledged by curriculum aims. There is, however, a lack of any definite teaching strategy to fulfil this need. Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children programme has had success in this area. As with other ‘collaborative enquiry‐based’ approaches to learning, it depends upon a teaching strategy which enhances children's self‐esteem. This seems a necessary ingredient for the development of rationality, critical awareness and autonomy in children. Inadequate teacher training is suggested as a major reason for the failure of ‘collaborative’ approaches greatly to influence educational practice. With a shift away from the ‘authority/knowledge‐based’ paradigm and the provision of effective teacher training, it is considered that our educational institutions could become more democratically organised, and we would move closer to realising the liberal ideal of developing human potential to the full.     

王栎鑫 Light The Future

采访的时候,我总是忘记王栎鑫的年龄——十九未满。记得拍照时,他活络地模仿各家选秀节目的人物,就是一个可爱的小男生。可一旦谈及未来,谈及理想,现状,他却会收起稚嫩的表情,语气老成地和你谈一些东西。我不想把他当成小孩来看,因为这样的他,值得我刮目相看。     

The zoning decision∗

During a period of intense school reorganization and closure in Reading C. M. S. Sutcliffe was was a member of Berkshire County Council, serving on the Education Committee. He was also a governor of two local schools, one of which was closed during this rationalization. He has addressed a number of academic conferences on the subject of school zoning. He now holds the Northern Society chair in the Department of Economics at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

J. L. G. Board is now a member of the Department of Accounting and Finance at the London School of Economics. He has co‐authored a number of papers on the application of modelling techniques to social decisions.

The allocation of children to secondary school is both difficult and contentious. Although a balanced intake is desirable, it is, in practice, often not achieved. This paper discussed the use of goal programming models to achieve these allocation patterns and considers the results of the first large‐scale application of the technique to this problem. The subject of the allocation is Reading, Berkshire, whose allocation scheme proposed in 1978 was the subject of investigation under the Race Relations Act. The results clearly indicate the advantages of the method as a useful tool to help real‐world educational decision‐makers.