中职生英语语用失误的原因及其对策

语用失误是我国英语学习者在使用英语进行交际过程中存在的一种普遍现象,中职生更加突出.找出问题,有针对性地加以解决,是教师的又一大任务.     

Inquiry-Events as a Tool for Changing Science Teaching Efficacy Belief of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Researchers agree that science education should begin at childhood, due to its contribution to later cognitive skill development. However, in most cases only a small portion of kindergarten and elementary school activities is related to science. Given the tremendous impact teachers have on children and on the success or failure of their curriculum, teachers' efficacy belief toward science teaching (TEBTST) should be of significant concern. It is suggested herein that in order to improve TEBTST, the science curriculum should be developed not only from the perspective of the child's needs, but will explicitly consider the teachers' needs as well. Such an approach is described in this study, and is labeled as the Inquiry Events (IE) teaching method. This method involves relating to an open-ended problem situated in real life, that encourages investigation of a variety of issues—ethical, economic, scientific, etc.—which both kindergarten and elementary school teachers are accustomed to considering. The method encourages teachers to relate to these daily situations by introducing scientific questions, which they would ordinarily ignore or omit. Using the STEBI (Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument) questionnaire before and after a 4-day workshop introducing the IE method, it was found that IE improved TEBTST and increased their confidence in teaching science.     

Development of the Educational and Career Interest Scale in Science, Technology, and Mathematics for High School Students

The Educational and Career Interest scale, a self-report instrument measuring high school students’ educational and career interest in STEM, was developed and validated in two studies conducted during 2010 and 2011. Study 1 included data from 92 high school students, in which exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with an initial item pool of 20 items. EFA identified three factors: educational and career interest in science, educational and career interest in technology, and educational and career interest in mathematics. Study 2 utilized data from 658 students to revisit the three-factor model using confirmative factor analysis. The two studies provide strong evidence that the scale is both valid and reliable.     

新疆中小学少数民族“双语“师资“培训者“的现状、出路分析(上)

自治区"双语"师资培训启动以来,先后有18所院校约190名教师参与"双语"师资培训工作.文章从汉语水平、教学能力、专业知识水平以及培训者的实验教学能力等方面考察了全疆双语师资"培训者"中汉语教师和专业教师的现状,并对此进行了对策研究.     

数学专业继续教育存在的问题及对策

分析了目前我校教学教育中存在的一些问题,提出了继续教育改革的一些新思路。     

Analysis of Satisfaction and Perceived Learning of Science in Different Distance Education Delivery Modes for Rural Elementary School Teachers Involved in a Professional Development Project

The Science Co-op is a local systemic change project that connects eight regional clusters of elementary schools in rural Missouri and Iowa in the USA. These clusters are comprised of 38 school districts distributed over 40,000 square miles and include more than 1,400 teachers and 20,000 elementary school students. The project stresses inquiry science in the classroom and involves investigating science ideas using a constructivist approach and cross-curricular connections. Within the frameworks of the Science Co-op project a technology known as Interactive Television (ITV) allows for almost real-time interaction (a 3–5 second delay) within the state boundaries of Missouri and Iowa, respectively. The primary goals of the ITV sessions are to enhance the science content and science pedagogical knowledge among the population of elementary school teachers that they may have lacked in their prior education, and to reinforce and extend instructional strategies emphasized in this local systemic change project. In this study the participants' self-reported learning and reactions to live ITV sessions and videotaped, delayed broadcast of ITV sessions were compared. Regression analysis results show teaching experience's influence on overall satisfaction with ITV (p<0.05) while mode attended, perceived technical difficulty, preferred mode, and perceived new skills or content learned in the session entered the regression equation at p=.000. Further t-tests suggested p>0.05 for perceived new skills and content learned on the different modes of communication.     

在高数教学中构建和谐师生关系,提高学生学习兴趣

高等数学是一门逻辑性较强、应用较广、较抽象的学科。多数学生对学习高数缺乏浓厚兴趣,而和谐的师生关系对学生的学习有着直接影响。本文从提高教师自身素质、结合学生实际情况提高课堂教学效果等方面分析了在高数教学中如何构建和谐的师生关系,提高学生学习兴趣。     

河北省小学科学骨干教师专业发展现状调查

采用问卷调查对参加河北省"国培计划"的小学科学骨干教师的专业发展现状进行了调查。调查结果表明:河北省小学科学骨干教师年富力强,整体教龄较长,但科学教龄较短;大多数教师专业学科背景缺乏,专业知识结构与能力存在缺陷;专业发展途径不够完善,缺乏专业发展规划指导;教学科研能力薄弱,参加学术会议和培训机会相对较少。针对此种状况提出了促进小学科学教师专业发展的若干建议。     

小学科学课堂教学模式的有效性研究与实践——以小学科学《七色光》教学片断设计为例

文章针对小学科学课堂教学的现状与小学科学课堂教学的特殊性,结合新课程条件下小学科学教学的目标、理念和课堂教学设计有效性的要求,以小学科学《七色光》这一具体的教学内容片断为对象,探索小学科学课堂教学设计的有效性策略和实施途径。提出了＂五步-四层＂的课堂教学模式。     

Impact of Adaptive Materials on Teachers and their Students with Visual Impairments in Secondary Science and Mathematics Classes

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, important in today’s world, are underrepresented by students with disabilities. Students with visual impairments, although cognitively similar to sighted peers, face challenges as STEM subjects are often taught using visuals. They need alternative forms of access such as enlarged or audio‐converted text, tactile graphics, and involvement in hands‐on science. This project focused on increasing teacher awareness of and providing funds for the purchase of supplemental adaptive resources, supplies, and equipment. We examined attitude and instructional changes across the year of the programme in 15 science and mathematics teachers educating students with visual impairments. Positive changes were noted from pretest to posttest in student and teacher perspectives, and in teacher attitudes towards students with disabilities in STEM classes. Teachers also provided insights into their challenges and successes through a reflective narrative. Several adolescent students resisted accommodations to avoid appearing conspicuous to peers. Teachers implemented three strategies to address this: providing the adaptations to all students in the class; convincing the student of the need for adaptation; and involving the class in understanding and accepting the student’s impairment. A variety of teacher‐created adaptations for various science and mathematics labs are reported. Another finding was many adaptations provided for the student with visual impairment benefitted the entire class. This study supports the claim that given knowledgeable, supportive teachers, and with appropriate accommodations such as tactile or auditory materials, students with visual impairments can be as successful and engaged as other students in science and mathematics.     

新世纪国内中小学教师教研素养研究述评——兼议教学反思与教研之间的关系

本文用分类的方法,对新世纪国内以中小学教师教研素养为主题的研究进行了述评,发现这方面的研究主要从中小学教师教研素养现状及其产生的原因;教师从事教研的必要性及其原因;提高教师教研素养的方法、模式;研究型教师具有的特点及能力构成;适合教师的教研方法等角度进行。本文也讨论了教学反思与教研之间的关系,发现教学反思与教研之间关系密切。     

Predicting Scientific Understanding of Prospective Elementary Teachers: Role of Gender,Education Level,Courses in Science,and Attitudes Toward Science and Mathematics

A multiple regression analysis of the relationship between prospective teachers' scientific understanding and Gender, Education Level (High School, College), Courses in Science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, Astronomy, and Agriculture), Attitude Towards Science, and Attitude Towards Mathematics is reported. Undergraduate elementary science students (N = 176) in an urban doctoral-level university in the United States participated in this study. The results of this study showed Gender, completion of courses in High School Chemistry and Physics, College Chemistry and Physics, and Attitudes Toward Mathematics and Science significantly correlated with scientific understanding. Based on a regression model, Gender, and College Chemistry and Physics experiences added significant predictive accuracy to scientific understanding among prospective elementary teachers compared to the other variables.     

University Programme Preferences of High School Science Students in Singapore and Reasons that Matter in their Preferences: A Rasch analysis

This study explored an under-researched area in science education—the university programmes preferred by high school students who take physical science subjects and the reasons that matter in their preferences. A total of 1,071 upper secondary and pre-university students in Singapore, who take physical science subjects among their range of subjects, participated in this study. A survey method was adopted and the Rasch model was used to analyse the data. Overall, Business Studies was ranked as the predominant choice; nonetheless, scientific programmes such as Science, Engineering, and Mathematics are generally still well liked by the students. When gender differences were examined, we found that students largely followed gender-typical programme preferences, in which males tend to incline towards Engineering while females tend to incline towards Arts and Social Sciences. Students prefer a university programme based on their individual interest and ability, with career aspiration and remuneration coming next. Interestingly, females place greater emphasis on career aspiration than males. Some implications of the study are discussed.     

博士生的学术经历、学术志趣与科研能力增长的关系

博士生的学术经历和学术志趣对科研能力增长的重要作用已得到实证研究的支持,不过很少有研究能够综合考察不同方面的学术经历以及学术志趣对科研能力增长的预测作用。基于1286份博士生调查数据进行相关探索,结果发现：（1）博士生的学术志趣对科研能力增长的正向预测作用最大,超过了前沿涉猎、导师指导、课程学习等学术经历的预测作用;（2）导师指导是对博士生学术志趣正向预测作用最大的变量;（3）与人文社科博士生相比,理工科博士生的学术志趣与科研能力增长具有更强的关联;（4）学术志趣在前沿涉猎、导师指导、课程学习等学术经历与科研能力增长之间存在中介效应。上述结果支持了学术志趣在博士生学术训练中的重要性,而导师在博士生学术志趣的激发方面扮演着关键角色。     

小学科学教师实施环境教育的问题与对策——基于杭州市西湖区小学科学教师的实证研究

为了解科学教师在小学阶段开展环境教育的现状,本文调查了杭州市西湖区小学科学教师的环境教育意识与能力。调查发现:西湖区小学科学教师整体环境教育意识较强,但由于环境教育在学校教育中被边缘化,缺乏环境教育的教师培训,加之教师日常工作量大等,科学教师实施环境教育能力略显不足。为提高科学教师环境教育能力,一要加强教师培训,提升教师开展环境教育所需的专业技能;二要增强科学教师与其他学科教师之间的交流;三要转变教师观念,提高思想认识;四要借助校外力量,增强科学教师的环境教育能力。     

教科版小学语文教材的古诗教学与审美教育

我国的古代诗歌随着历史的发展日臻完美,它是一种语言的艺术,更是包容了绘画美、音乐美、意境美、对称美等在内的一座丰富的艺术宝库,具有非常高的美学价值。通过诵读古诗,挖掘古诗的精华,重构并感悟古诗的意象是教科版小学语文教材古诗教学的重要目标。认真搞好古诗的教学,探究古诗的意义,感受古诗的情景,感悟古诗的意象和真情,进入古诗的意境,准确把握古诗理与趣的融合,情与景的统一,虚与实的结合,引领小学生吟诗入境,明理悟情,努力使他们能认识美、感染美、创造美,诗化他们的心灵,提高他们审美素质是教科版小学语文教材的至美境界。     

乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族中小学双语教师心理健康状况及其因素研究

对乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族中小学不同学科的双语教师进行了心理健康状况研究。分析了影响其心理健康的主要因素,从政府、学校、个人层面提出了加强双语教师心理健康教育的措施。     

高中生解答数学选择题的常用方法和猜测性问题的实证研究

基于对“测试题一”与“测试题二”的解答情况的统计分析,研究了高中生解答选择题的常用方法及其在解答中的猜测性问题,并为高中数学习题教学和选择题的编拟提出了相应的建议。研究的基本结论和教学建议是：（1）高中生解答数学选择题常用的和基本的解答方法主要有：直接法、排除法、数形结合法、猜测法;（2）对选择题和填空题的解答要有适当的“过程性要求”;（3）学生的猜测性解答,有些是“随机猜测”,更多的是合情猜测;（4）选择题的4个选择支的设计十分重要,3个诱误支要具有足够的迷惑性与诱误性;（5）谨防选择题考查意图的“旁落”。     

小学低段学生“告状行为”现状、成因与对策研究——以成都市某小学为例

“告状行为”现象普遍存在于小学低段。研究发现小学低段学生“告状行为”类型有维护教师权威型、自我维护型、维护纪律型、道德维护型、试探型以及其他类型。其特点表现为:有明确类型导向,集中发生在课外时间,学生大多既是“被告者”同时也是“报告者”,随着年级增长逐渐减少。其原因有:学生自身原因,如社会性发展不足,儿童道德发展影响,儿童心理发展阶段影响,儿童自我保护意识等,也有教师、学生家庭、社会环境等外部因素。其对策建议可以从教师、家长、学校三方面着手。     

西部贫困县农科学员现代教育技术使用调查及研究

贫困地区农科学员在远程开放教育的学习条件、指导教师等方面存在着明显的困难，本通过对云南国家级贫困县（江城彝族、哈尼族、拉祜族自治县）的农科学员学习状况的调查，提出了从实际出发，因地制宜，建立以当地农科专家担任的引导员制度，成立农科学习协作小组，提高学员的学习兴趣，巩固学员的学习成果，使其顺利完成远程开放教育学习的方法。