地方高师院校音乐教师职业倦怠探析

职业倦怠是影响地方高师音乐教师职业素质、心理健康的不利因素,其身体的衰竭、认知的扭曲和行为的异常,影响着地方高师院校音乐教师素质的全面发挥。文章主要从社会因素、学校因素、工作因素以及个人因素四个角度具体分析地方高师院校音乐教师产生职业倦怠的原因,并寻求解决策略。     

乡镇企业法律人才的培养

目前，我国乡镇企业的法律人才短缺，应针对这种状况，利用乡镇企业成人中等专业学校加大培养力度。本文是从乡镇企业法律人才培养的必要性、培养形式和如何教学、如何对法律人才的知识更新等几方面加以探讨，目的是促进我国乡镇企业的健康、快速发展。     

OTO模式在我国中小城市应用的探索

OTO作为一种新的电商模式在各大城市出现,对零售业产生了很大影响。文章对国内外OTO研究进行了梳理：国外对电商的研究比较深入、系统,也较为广泛,在技术应用方面也更加成熟和市场化;国内关于电商的研究更多的是产业模式的创新、实践创新或产业纵深拓展等应用型研究,但对数据挖掘和技术创新的研究落后于实际技术的应用。零售业走电子商务的道路是必然选择,但网络技术与理念落后、市场供需分散、专业人才匮乏等问题的存在表明对中小城市发展OTO模式还是一个挑战。     

Factors related to inequality in participation in schooling in Java

The study uses data from a census survey, augmented by school enrolment statistics, to analyse factors related to inequality in participation in schooling in Indonesia. It is argued that the census-type survey provides a very useful means by which participation can be monitored in developing countries and it also provides a particularly valuable basis on which to examine relationships between socio-economic and, to a lesser extent, educational variables and participation. The results obtained indicate that while some socio-economic characteristics of families are the source of expected significant inequalities, other characteristics, such as sex differences and the distinction between farm and non-farm families, do not relate to participation for certain levels of schooling and in urban areas.     

Resistant agency in German lessons in primary education in Germany

This paper aims to research practices of resistance as an important part of agency in primary school classrooms. By combining a post-structural theoretical frame with a critical ethnographic research approach, it understands children’s resistance as an ordinary practice, as a necessary response to structures and practices of the classroom setting. It argues that agency needs to be resistant to some extent, because otherwise it would be merely submission or adaptation. How agency can emerge depends on the social position of the student, which influences the way in which she or he is able to anticipate (more or less implicitly) spaces for resistant agency and also how he or she is addressed in the classroom and beyond. An ethnographic case study of German lessons in a third-grade primary class in a German school shows how resistant agency manifests and how it might be restricted when it comes to racialised subject-positions in the classroom.     

Revolution in Europe in 1848

Just at the time that the Communist Manifesto appeared, a momentous revolutionary movement broke out on the European continent. The sparks of revolution were first touched off in Italy and then spread throughout a vast area from Paris to Vienna, from Berlin to Budapest. At the time of conflagration, the revolutionary tasks faced by each country were not entirely the same. In some countries completion of the bourgeois democratic revolution was demanded; in some, throwing off the rule of foreign powers and winning national liberation was required; and in others it was necessary to put an end to division and bring about unification of the country. Viewed as a whole, the task was to complete the national democratic revolution. At the time, the bourgeoisie in Europe feared the proletariat, which stood behind them, and their revolutionary spirit was greatly weakened. The proletariat, as an independent political force, played a guiding role. "Everywhere the revolution wa13 the act of the working class: the workers built the barricades; the workers gave their lives in the cause."¹     

Changes in University Governance in France and in Italy

The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a deep effect on the relationship between state and university, and therefore a direct impact on university governance. This article sums up the main results of a research carried out on university Présidents in France and Rettori in Italy, with the aim of understanding their views about the changing process in higher education systems and the related impact on their leading role. There emerges a picture of systems transiting from a traditional centralised Napoleonic structure to a new one where the growing autonomy requires a different kind of governance not previously experienced, and thus not easy to implement mostly because of the resistance coming from universities themselves. The majority of Presidents and Rectors seem aware of the changing process and the related problems even if they do not all agree upon feasible trends to follow. Such a disagreement appears to be an understandable consequence of the unstable and unpredictable direction of the changing situation in the two systems.     

考试公平与区域公平:高考录取中的两难选择

考试公平与区域公平 ,是高考录取中的两难选择。高考录取分数线的调整由于受到政治、经济、文化、教育、人口、就业等多种因素的制约 ,具有很大的难度和重大的影响。高考录取分数线的调整既不能只追求“考试公平”,也不能完全倒向“区域公平”,只能在兼顾二者的同时 ,求取相对公平的最大值。     

Reform in Higher Education in Canada

Reform in higher education is a topic of great interest world-wide because of the financial pressures facing institutions and the increasing demand for access. Also there is a perceived reluctance to respond to the political will of governments and the forces of the marketplace. Universities and colleges are accused of being complacent, unresponsive, and more concerned about maintaining their autonomy and self-interests than in providing service to the public.
Canadian higher education is not immune from such criticism, but the extent to which it is justified is by no means clear. In order to explore the responsiveness of Canadian universities and colleges to the forces of change, two surveys were recently conducted to obtain an institutional perspective. The findings reveal that higher institutions in Canada are in a ferment of change, but the changes described are more in the nature of responses to forces in the social, financial, and political environment than policy-driven, sustainable, long-range, system-wide reforms.
The surveys confirm patterns of change found in other federal nations and reflect a government strategy of self-regulation blended with fiscal controls. Provincial governments have shown a reluctance to bring about change by legislation, but the threat of legislation is a powerful incentive for reform, without compromising the essentially autonomous nature of the institutions.     

英汉翻译中的"貌离"与"神合"现象

英汉翻译最终是要追求两种语言对同一认识内容在内在本质上相通、相合的表达,这固然需要语言外在形式上的契合,然而由于两种语言自然构成和文化系统上的差别,达到其内在本质上相符的"神合"境界,必须以一定程度上语言外在形式的背离为条件.以"貌离"的方式达到"神合",是英汉翻译中不可避免的现象.     

高职学生英语学习兴趣研究

通过问卷调查和采访,笔者对重庆高职院校学生英语学习兴趣进行了调查,结果显示,性别差异对兴趣有一定的影响,学生英语学习兴趣的程度以及缺乏兴趣的原因比较复杂．高职英语教学中应采取多种形式来激发和维持学生的英语学习兴趣。     

广东高职院校专业建设品牌效应的基本分析

从品牌与质量管理的视角,以专业质量评价体系的建立为目标,对广东省高职院校品牌专业的针对效应、示范效应、信誉效应、拓展效应、广告效应进行了分析,针对其发展过程中存在的政府管理过分集中、高职院校自主发展意识不强、经费与师资队伍保障不力、社会认知度偏低等问题,提出了科学定位、整合资源、多元化发展的策略．     

美国教师教育中的服务学习

自20世纪90年代初开始,服务学习在美国的教师教育中得以广泛开展。美国教师教育中的服务学习在课程设置上有独立设计课程、融入其他课程、融入教育实习之中、设置辅修专业以及纳入社团活动等类型;在实施上分为课程说明、调查需求、拟定计划、培训知能、实施服务、开展反思、评鉴与庆贺等步骤;在价值上,能够对职前教师的社会责任感、专业服务精神、教育教学理论和技能以及个性发展、生涯规划和参与教育改革的意愿等产生积极的影响。     

荷兰高等教育的“评估文化”

荷兰是进行高等教育质量保障探索较早的国家之一,其改革的经验受到国际范围的关注。荷兰高等教育"评估文化"是其优质高等教育的重要保障。在其"评估文化"逐渐形成的过程中,政府、高校和社会的角色和地位都发生了很大变化,并最终定形为当代高等教育质量保障体系以及评估文化架构。同样实行集权制管理的荷兰高等教育评估的发展,对我国高等教育评估活动的改革有重要的借鉴意义。     

论《项链》在中学语文教材中的嬗变

我国于二十世纪二十年代出现了《项链》的中译本,随后《项链》被选入当时的国语文课本。新中国成立后,《项链》在高中语文教材中几经沉浮,解读也呈现出不同的风貌。我们从《项链》进入中国语文教材的历史,可以追溯中国社会意识形态对待外国文学的态度变化轨迹。     

我国外语教育中存在的问题

本文简要地回顾了一个世纪来中国外语教学所走过的历程 ,归纳了目前外语教学中存在的两个主要问题 ,从宏观和微观两个方面就此展开了讨论 ,分析了问题的症结所在 ;批评了部分人对外语教学采取十足的实用主义态度 ,即对其进行纯经济学式的成本核算、而忽略其本身固有的开启学生心智的重要价值 ;指出外语教育界目前应克服急功近利的浮躁心态 ,正确对待并处理好外语教学中“实”与“虚”的关系。     

浅谈中国旅游立法活动中存在的问题

本结合中国旅游立法的现状，分析旅游立法活动中存在的问题，旨在重视旅游立法，进一步加强和完善旅游立法工作。     

Corruption in college admissions examinations in China

This paper examines corruption in college admissions examinations in China. A survey was administered among college students of arts and related majors across China. Based on the data, the magnitude of corruption in the admissions examinations is measured and the causes and consequences thereof are investigated. It is found that the objective level of corruption is 15.8 percent while the subjective level is 47.3 percent. Lack of transparency, poor design of the examinations, the subjects’ tolerance of corruption, high levels of corruption propensity, and high income expectations in future careers are identified as the main causes of corruption. Corruption in the examinations lowers student trust in the accountability of faculty and staff in higher educational institutions and this degrading trust in turn exacerbates bribery among new generations of examinees, which results in a vicious cycle of corruption.     

浅析歌唱中的音准问题

文章认为，在声乐学习中常会因音准等一些技术上的问题，影响演唱者的发展和演出效果，只有提高学生的文化素质、心理素质、身体素质等，从技巧上，基本乐科等加强训练，才能从根本上解决歌唱中的音准问题。