提高日语读解能力策略研究

阅读是外语教学中五大基本技能之一,日语读解能力的培养至关重要。本文对如何提高学生日语读解能力提出了自己的看法,认为要提高日语读解能力,首先要加大阅读量,提高理解能力;其次要采用多种阅读方法,掌握多种读解技巧,提高阅读速度;同时加强文化背景知识的学习,提高学习者的综合能力。     

探讨中学生英语阅读理解能力的培养

培养学生的阅读理解能力是中学英语教学最重要的任务之一,是学好英语的关键。掌握科学的阅读技巧和阅读方法,是提高英语学习水平的重要手段。     

Synergetic effects of phonological awareness,vocabulary, and word reading on bilingual children’s reading comprehension: A three-year study

Using comparable measures of first language (L1) Chinese and second language (L2) English, this three-year longitudinal study examined the synergetic effects of phonological awareness, vocabulary, and word reading on reading comprehension development among 227 Hong Kong Chinese-English bilinguals from Grades 2-4. Structural equation growth modeling revealed that all three factors were significantly linked to one another and to initial reading comprehension for each language. Across languages, L1 Chinese vocabulary was directly linked to initial L2 English reading comprehension, while L1 Chinese phonological awareness was indirectly linked to initial L2 English reading comprehension via L2 English vocabulary and word reading. These findings underscore the synergetic effects of early phonological and lexical skills in determining early reading comprehension ability in both L1 and L2.     

Longitudinal predictors of reading comprehension in French at first grade: Unpacking the oral comprehension component of the simple view

According to the simple view of reading (SVR), reading comprehension relies on “decoding” (pseudoword, word reading) and “oral comprehension” skills. Testing 556 French pupils, we aimed at unpacking these two components and tracking their longitudinal development in first grade. We have found that: (1) lower level language skills (vocabulary, syntax) and discourse skills (oral text comprehension) emerged as two dimensions of “oral comprehension”; (2) lower level language skills longitudinally predicted reading comprehension outcomes, above code-related skills; (3) decoding precursors (letter knowledge, naming speed and phonemic awareness) predicted reading comprehension directly, and indirectly, through decoding skills (pseudoword, word reading, text reading fluency); (4) Oral comprehension skills did not favour the development of decoding. Our results support the independency of the SVR components. However, we suggest that a more fine-grained conceptualisation of oral comprehension skills would help to better understand the individual and pedagogical factors influencing the early development of reading comprehension.     

图式理论在高职英语阅读教学中的启示及其运用

英语语言教学改革的关键在于阅读教学的革新。由于受传统教学法的影响,不少教师对阅读理解的错误认识导致了许多高职学生在学习中只重视词汇、语法等语言知识的学习,忽视了与阅读材料密切相关的图式知识的学习、积累和运用。在总结前人成就的基础上,从图式理论的视角,探讨了图式理论下的英语阅读教学改革的必要性。     

语篇分析理论视角下的高校阅读教学

对外语专业的学生而言,提高其阅读理解能力,在很大程度上是提高其运用外语的能力。高校阅读教学应更多地从语篇的角度来开展,语篇教学对提升学生的语言能力具有重要意义。基于语篇分析研究成果在外语阅读教学中的运用,从系统功能语言学的角度探讨了语篇分析理论在高校阅读教学中的运用,以期与同行切磋。     

网络环境下的大学英语阅读课教学探微

在外语教学中,阅读是一个极为重要的环节,阅读理解是所有阅读技巧的目标也是阅读学习的最终目的,它可以加强学习者的听、说、写、译等技巧。在网络环境下,计算机的使用比传统的方法更能加强学习者的阅读理解能力。     

谈语篇教学与外语阅读

在外语教学中．理解能力长期以来被证明是听、说、读、写、译五种能力中最重要,因此,对于学生而言,提高他们的阅读理解能力,在很大程度上是提高了他们运用所学外语的全部技能。本文从对阅读、语篇教学理解、语篇的意义和读者的理解以及语篇教学中采取一些措施进行探讨,在语篇教学中,以帮助提高学生的阅读理解能力。     

Dissociation between comprehension and pronunciation in dyslexic and hyperlexic children

Findings from an analysis of the reading performances of three reading-disabled children provide a tentative answer to the controversial issue whether reading-disabled children have a language comprehension deficit or not. Of the three reading-disabled children studied, two were poor in language comprehension but had much better word-reading skill. The third disabled reader had superior listening comprehension but was poor in word-reading skill. The two good word-readers appear to use two different strategies, viz., grapheme—sound association and whole word-pronunciation asssociation to pronounce the written word. It is concluded that pronunciation and comprehension skills are two dissociable components of the reading process and that they follow separate courses of development. Case studies presented in this paper suggest that these two components can be affected independent of each other resulting in different types of reading disabilities. It is concluded that answer to the question whether poor readers are also deficient in language comprehension depends on the type of disabled readers investigated even though educational experience and severity of the reading problem can act as confounding factors.

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Cross-language transfer in English immersion programs in Germany: Reading comprehension and reading fluency

Cross-language effects on reading skills are of particular interest in the context of foreign language immersion programs. Although there is an extensive literature on cross-language effects on reading in general, research focusing on immersion students and including different dimensions of reading acquisition such as reading fluency and reading comprehension is scarce. This study therefore investigated cross-language transfer between first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) reading fluency and reading comprehension in a group of 220 German elementary school students who were enrolled in English partial immersion programs. Students were tested in grades 3 and 4. Structural equation modeling was used to examine cross-language transfer in a cross-lagged panel design. Results showed moderate cross-language paths when controlling for autoregressive effects. These findings are in line with previous results showing reciprocal transfer effects between L1 and L2 reading comprehension and reading fluency. In addition, the overall dominance of paths from L2 to L1 over paths from L1 to L2 suggests immersion-specific relations that may be attributable to the plentiful opportunities for academic reading in the L2 at school. Hence, skills necessary for successful reading can evidently be acquired in an L2 context and transferred to the L1. These findings underline the importance of cross-language transfer between reading skills in immersion programs.     

The Relations Between Children’s Reading Comprehension, Working Memory, Language Skills and Components of Reading Decoding in a Normal Sample

The primary aim of the current study was to identify the strongest independent predictors of reading comprehension using word reading, language and memory variables in a normal sample of 180 children in grades 3–5, with a range of word reading skills. It was hypothesized that orthographic processing, receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory would all make independent contributions to reading comprehension. The contributions of reading speed, receptive grammatical skills, exposure to print, visuospatial working memory and verbal learning and retrieval (a measure of longer-term retention) were also investigated. Working memory tasks that required the processing and storage of numerical and spatial material were used. One of the numerical working memory tasks was based on the number span task developed by Yuill, Oakhill, and Parkin British Journal of Psychology, 1989, 80, 351–361. A visuospatial equivalent of that task was developed from the forward Corsi block task [Corsi, Abstracts International, 1973, 34, 891]. The results revealed that, after controlling for age and general intellectual ability, the word reading and the language variables had a much stronger relation with reading comprehension than the memory variables. The strongest independent predictor of reading comprehension was orthographic processing since it captured variance in both word reading, language skills and verbal working memory. The forward Corsi task and performance on a measure of verbal learning and retrieval each made small independent contributions to reading comprehension but the contribution of verbal working memory was not significant. It was concluded that tasks measuring the interplay between short-term and long-term memory, in which new information is combined with information already stored in long-term memory, may better predict reading comprehension measured with the text available than working memory tasks which only have a short-term memory component.     

试论影响阅读理解的几个因素

从认知心理学的角度对影响学习者阅读理解的几个关键因素进行了分析和探讨,指出在影响阅读理解的诸因素中,读者的语言知识和基本技能,观念、文化差异和情感因素(包括态度、动机、兴趣)以及阅读目的和策略对外语阅读理解具有重要影响.     

图式理论辅助大学英语阅读教学

阅读水平难以提高一直是困扰中国英语学习者的一个难题.图式理论强调了语言知识和背景知识的重要性,有利于教师更加合理地设计阅读课堂教学模式.也就是说,图式理论能够辅助大学英语阅读教学.     

Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic: Unpacking Component Skills of Reading Using a Direct and Indirect Effect Model of Reading (DIER)

Pathways of relations of language, cognitive, and literacy skills (i.e., working memory, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inference, comprehension monitoring, word reading, and listening comprehension) to reading comprehension were examined by comparing four variations of direct and indirect effects model of reading. Results from 350 English-speaking second graders revealed that language and cognitive component skills had direct and indirect relations to listening comprehension, explaining 86% of variance. Word reading and listening comprehension completely mediated the relations of language and cognitive component skills to reading comprehension and explained virtually all the variance in reading comprehension. Total effects of component skills varied from small to substantial. The findings support the direct and indirect effects model of reading model and indicate that word reading and listening comprehension are upper-level skills that are built on multiple language and cognitive component skills, which have direct and indirect relations among themselves. The results underscore the importance of understanding nature of relations.     

外语阅读教学要把获取信息作为目的

用外语进行阅读是一种重要技能。外语是现代社会获取信息的重要工具。本文对阅读理论进行了深入的研究 ,并对外语教学中如何训练学生的阅读技巧 ,提高学生的阅读水平提出了可操作性的建议     

建构主义支架策略在内容依托英语教学中的应用

内容依托教学是把语言学习与学科内容学习结合起来的一种重要的外语教学方法,内容依托课堂中的阅读内容更具有系统性,信息更丰富,对外语学习者的阅读能力提出了更大的挑战。根据内容依托英语教学中阅读材料的难度和趣味性来采用不同的建构主义支架策略,即阅读前、阅读中和阅读后策略,为学习者搭建支架,可以更有效地优化内容依托英语教学中英语学习者对学科内容的理解。     

Fitting derivational morphophonology into a developmental model of reading

Oral language is the foundation on which literacy initially builds. Between early developing oral language skills and fluent reading comprehension emerge several types of metalinguistic ability, including phonological and morphological awareness. In this study, a developmental sequence is proposed, beginning with receptive language followed by phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and a new metalinguistic task measuring oral morphophonological accuracy (MPA), followed by decoding and culminating in reading comprehension. MPA is a measure of accurate primary stress placement in the production of derived words with non-neutral, stress changing suffixes (e.g., -ity). A path analysis with data from 76 third graders was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of these variables. The developmental model was confirmed, and a metalinguistic continuum, with MPA emerging after both PA and MA, was supported. Decoding and receptive language were the best unique predictors of reading comprehension. Surprisingly, MPA was more important to decoding than was PA, whereas MA was only indirectly implicated in both decoding and reading comprehension.     

大学生英语听力理解的问题及对策

听、说、读、写是英语学习中的四种基本语言能力。“听”在语言环境中占有极其重要的位置，起着“主导”作用。但在实际的英语学习中，听力却是大学生的薄弱环节。提高听力理解水平，要纠正学生发言，灌输必要的词汇知识；加强对英美化背景知识的导入；培养学生的模仿能力；精听与泛听相结合。     

Early cognitive and home environmental predictors of reading fluency and reading comprehension in Turkish-speaking children

In this study, we aimed to determine the early cognitive and home environmental predictors of reading in Turkish-speaking children. A total of 362 children participated in the study. We monitored the children for 3 years and assessed the home environmental variables and cognitive skills in kindergarten, reading fluency at the end of the first grade, and reading comprehension at the end of the second grade. We found that home literacy environment and socioeconomic status predicted early literacy skills in kindergarten as they also predicted reading fluency and reading comprehension through early literacy in later years. In addition, we found that phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and rapid naming predicted reading fluency, while language and verbal working memory predicted reading comprehension. The results of the study showed us that it is important to consider reading and reading comprehension in Turkish-speaking children holistically, together with cognitive skills and home environmental variables.     

加强口语、阅读、写作训练,提高英语听力水平

英语听力理解是一项综合语言技能。针对学生英语听力水平难以提高的问题，应该分析它与其他三项基本技能的紧密关系。其中，口语的提高与听力最为直接，阅读能力也是与听力息息相关的，而写作的训练则可以间接地促进听力理解的进步。因此英语学习和英语教师都要对此予以重视。