自治·自由·责任:马克斯·韦伯的大学观

针对20世纪前后德国大学面临的难题和危机,马克斯.韦伯以其独特的学术视野分析了危害德国大学自治、学术自由的根源,反对大学的官僚化制度,捍卫大学自治和学术自由的传统,恪守大学讲坛上“价值中立”,呼吁学者们树立以学术为志业的责任感等。韦伯的大学理念无疑有助于我们进一步深化对现代大学本质及特征的认识和理解。     

大学学报:何时能以读者为本?

大学学报是高层次的学术理论期刊,其存在的价值就是为提高读者的学术素养服务。但目前的大学学报基本上是以编者为本,或以作者为本,很少能达到以读者为本,与读者群总体上处于一种隔膜疏离的状态。其原因主要是办刊理念不新、办刊机制不活、办刊人员不专、办刊环境不佳等因素所致。要改变这种被动局面,必须从体制上入手,鼓励大学学报自主定位,制订先进的办刊政策,加强审稿程序的管理,建立专家审读和读者品评相结合的评刊体系,促进大学学报向特色化、专业化、品牌化方向发展。     

本刊被评为RCCSE中国核心学术期刊“课程·教材·教法”被评为“明珠奖”特色栏目

《扬州大学学报·高教研究版》创刊于1997年,是扬州大学主办的高等教育理论与实践研究综合性学术期刊,加入了《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库》。在广大作者、读者的关爱、支持下,《扬州大学学报·高教研究版》创刊十多年来,取得了显著成绩和进步。据中南财经政法大学图书馆期刊信息检索中心信息检索报告,通过对中国人民大学书报资料中心复印报刊资料107种社科经济类专题,《新华文摘》、《高等学校文科学术文摘》、《中国社会科学文摘》、《北京大学学报(文科学报概览)》、《光明日报》、《经济研究参考·经济学文摘》、《报刊文摘》、《教育文摘周报》等12种文摘报刊,《人大复印报刊资料》文摘卡14种,共计133条途径检索,《扬州大学学报·高教研究版》2007年在全国综合性大学学报中排第104位,2008年排第73位。另据《中国学术期刊综合引证报告》,《扬州大学学报·高教研究版》2006年影响因子0·396,在“大学学报/教育统合类/高校教育研究版”中排名第二;2007年影响因子0·550,排名第二;2008年影响因子0·677,排名第三。十多年来,《扬州大学学报·高教研究版》先后被评为江苏省一级期刊、第二届江苏省期刊方阵优秀提名期刊、第二届...     

大学圈中的学报效应——《北京师范大学学报》在中国民俗学发展中的作用

大学学报的角色是以大学学报为阵地,通过对大学作者学术成果的选刊,特别是与学科带头人的深入接触,对大学产生的具有重大学术价值和长远社会意义的成果加以推介.北师大学报与北师大民俗学国家重点学科的联系是由钟敬文教授生前建立的.民俗学的文化影响很大,价值不容低估,但它不是学术大户,学报与民俗学科的联系,还促进了北师大民俗学在大学圈中影响的扩大,并对北师大民俗学的特色建设、标准的坚持和传统的延续,起到了不可替代的作用.     

江西广播电视大学教学建设成果展示 教学学术·学分银行

正"大学的"学术"包括四种相互区别又相互联系的学术形式,即发现的学术、综合的学术、应用的学术和教学的学术."厄内斯特·博耶(Ernest.Boyer)教学学术是教学型高校的重要学术类型,近五年来.为了提升学校的教学研究水平,服务开放教育的人才培养,近五年来,在教学学术研究中.我校承担了省级教学改革课题和中央电大(国家开放大学)研究课题30余项,在CSSCI发表教学学术论文20余篇,出版著作和教材10余部,获得省     

初探学术自由与宪政

大学之所以为大学,学术和学者是其"血液",而其核心是学术自由.本文将学术自由定位在宪法基本权利的高度上,对其与宪政的关系、在宪政制度条件下如何保障学术自由的实现做一般的探讨,惟有如此,才能保障学术自由,进而实现大学自治的目标.     

国际比较视野下中国研究型大学学科建设的全面反思

为了适应不断变化的社会需求·世界研究型大学的学术组织从单一学科的讲座、院系,发展出跨学科的研究中心等机构.尽管如此,其不懈探索自然和社会规律的知识观和自由探索、不畏权威的学术信念和联系实际的学术传统没有变,因而研究型大学学科建设的内在逻辑与科学家的创新过程、与学生的学习过程和谐一致,科研、教学和社会服务三项功能和谐一致.中国研究型大学由于具有不同的知识观传统,因此对学科建设的理解和实践存在偏差,在学术组织、学术信念和学术活动上没有突破“体用两分”的模式.中国研究型大学内涵式建设要循序渐进、分类定位;以服务社会作为科学研究和学科融合的生长点;调整研究机构和院系组织为创新人才成长铺路;以国际化为契机带动学术文化创新.     

观点·言论

大学教学理念:学术旨趣与职业取向的融合高等教育大众化过程中,大学的办学理念出现研究型大学理念与“威斯康星理念”并行的状况,学术旨趣和职业取向在大学教学中逐渐融为一体。随着高等教育大众化发展的日渐深入,作为纯粹“象牙塔”的传统大学理念受到了巨大冲击,强调服务社会的所谓“威斯康星理念”和研究型大学理念一样受到广泛关注。大学无论处在大众化体系的何种层次,为社会服务都已成为其当仁不让的社会责任。当代大学在实践其崇高的“为真理而教”的传统教学理念的同时,也在积极地“为社会而教”、“为产业而教”。美国产学研合作取…     

《大学·研究与评价》改版启事

<正>自2009年第10期始,《大学·研究与评价》将改为《大学》(学术版)(以下简称《大学》)。《大学》以"传播大学理念,丰富大学文化,促进大学发展"为办刊宗旨,崇尚"有文化的学术"     

论高校学报编辑彰显大学社会职能的路径

中国高校学报是由高校创办的一种特殊的学术理论期刊,这一属性决定了它必须彰显大学的人才培养、科学研究和服务社会的职能.当前,高校学报编辑必须对中国高校学报的属性具有明确的认识,排除一些舆论的干扰,选择相应的路径,彰显大学的社会职能,促进中国高校学报的顺利发展.     

《化工设备机械基础》教学中传统教学与多媒体教学相结合的研究

通过分析传统教学和多媒体教学的利弊,强调在化工设备机械基础教学中应用两种教学方法相结合的必要性,从而达到优化教学效果的目的.     

探索新形势下高校思想政治教育的新思路

2l世纪将是一个科学技术在全球迅猛发展的时代，高校的思想政治教育工作将面临新的机遇和挑战。面对新形势下高校思想政治工作的新变化，我们必须认真总结改革开放以来正反两方面的经验，坚定不移地用邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想构筑当代大学生的精神支柱，用正确的世界观、人生观、价值观铸造当代大学生的敬业精神。同时，培养一支高学历、高文化、高素质、高标准的政工干部队伍，建立德育网络系统，开辟新时代高校思想政治工作的新天地。     

Error correction in text

Previous research has shown that writers and editors of all ages and abilities have trouble correcting errors in texts. In this study, we were interested in discovering whether people do not correct these errors mainly because (1) they do not have the knowledge to correct them, or because (2) even though they do have the knowledge to correct the errors, they do not use it. The first case would point to aknowledge deficit, or a deficit at the cognitive level; the second case would point to aprocessing deficit, or a deficit at the metacognitive level. The study compared the number and type of implanted errors corrected by high school and college subjects working on two different texts under three different conditions. We found that, for both ages, the biggest stumbling block in correcting errors was not the knowledge of how to correct them, but rather a failure to detect them: They did not use their available knowledge to find the errors. This processing deficit may be the result of a dearth of available error-finding strategies, or knowledge may not be activated because of lack of motivation or because of a failure to perceive the nature of the task.     

Fairness in education: The Italian university before and after the reform

In 2001 the Italian tertiary education system embarked in a broad process of reform. The main novelty brought by the reform was a reduction of the length of study to get a first level degree together with the introduction of a two-years, second level, master degree. This paper aims at studying the effects of the reform in terms of fairness. To this end, we first define fairness criteria following a well developed theory of equality of opportunity, we then discuss existing inequality measures consistent with these criteria, we show their relationship, and adapt them to the educational framework. We finally employ this set of measures to show the evolution of fairness in the access to university in Italy before and after the reform. Although not all fairness measures we estimated show a higher degree of fairness after the reform, the large majority does, suggesting a positive effect of the reform under a vast range of possible definitions of fairness.     

The high performance of Dutch and Flemish 15-year-old native pupils: explaining country differences in math scores between highly stratified educational systems

This paper aims to explain the high scores of 15-year-old native pupils in The Netherlands and Flanders by comparing them with the scores of pupils in countries with the same highly stratified educational system: Wallonia, the German Länder, the Swiss German cantons, and Austria. We use the data from the Programme for International Pupil Assessment (PISA) 2006 together with the specific PISA data of Germany and Switzerland. We apply a multilevel model that takes into account the individual-, curriculum-, and system-level features in these highly stratified educational systems. The high scores of the Dutch pupils can be explained by the size of The Netherlands' vocational sector. The high Flemish scores can be partly explained by the high curriculum mobility. Central exit exams are not a good explanation of the high Dutch scores. Despite being limited to highly stratified systems, we still find educational policies and arrangements to have significant effects on the educational performance of pupils.     

流行音乐与中学教材音乐的碰撞

流行作为一种文化现象将长期存在。因此,提高学生的审美能力是非常关键的。当审美能力提高到一定程度以后,就会形成相应的免疫力。对流行歌曲进行鉴别,能吸取精华去其糟粕比较是最好的教学手段。音乐教师应把词曲俱佳的优秀作品和低俗的毫无价值的作品放在一起,和学生共同探讨辨别,并有计划、有步骤地加强学生的基础音乐教育,让学生掌握歌曲的演唱方法和欣赏音乐所具有的知识,多让学生接触一些思想性和艺术性较高的音乐作品,以此来荡涤他们的心灵,使他们的情感通过优秀的作品得到升华,从而提高学生的欣赏水平和音乐鉴赏能力。     

Gender Equality in Preschool STEM Programs as a Factor Determining Russia’s Successful Technological Development

The article discusses the importance of introducing training programs for preschool children that allow them to master basic knowledge in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM subjects) as an academic basis for the technological transition that is currently taking place in the modern world. It is shown that when preschool students study STEM subjects, it gives them a great advantage later in elementary, middle, and high school. As a result of our investigation of STEM subjects for preschoolers and the gender considerations that should be incorporated into successful teaching strategies, we have concluded that together with the preparation and institutionalization of such training programs it is necessary to teach the designers of educational programs as well as educators about the specific features that characterize how boys and girls learn. A curriculum that takes gender differences into account is one that does not allow the development of a gender dichotomy in education. Rather, it should ensure that both boys and girls have equal motivation and a positive attitude about STEM subjects.     

中小学校教育惩戒与纪律处分之融合

对于未成年学生的教育惩戒问题,国内外教育学界早有关注。总体上经历了从绝对惩戒教育到“无批评式教育”再到强调惩戒合理性的演变过程。学界对教育惩戒的认识还存在一定的分歧。法学界学者一般将《教育法》《义务教育法》等教育法律法规中规定的学校“处分”学生的措施视为教育惩戒;而多数教育学界学者则将教育惩戒与纪律处分区分开来,教育惩戒强调教师惩戒学生的权利。在教育相关的立法层面上试图区分教育惩戒与纪律处分,并将二者结合使用,细化教育惩戒和纪律处分的具体措施,分梯次使用惩戒与处分,进一步规范中小学纪律处分措施,构建未成年人惩戒与处分等学校不良记录封存的制度。     

Regulation During Cooperative and Collaborative Learning: A Theory-Based Review of Terms and Concepts

This article reviews the terms and concepts that have been used for describing regulation of learning during cooperative and collaborative learning and suggests differentiating them on the basis of which parts of a regulatory feedback loop model are being shared. During cooperative and collaborative learning, not only self-regulation but also the regulation of the group process is important. This regulation might occur on both an individual level and a social level. Several modes of regulation have been identified, but the terms used for them vary tremendously—including social regulation, socially shared regulation, coregulation, and other-regulation. This article seeks to clarify the diverse terminology. To this end, we use a theoretical framework based on Winne and Hadwin's (1998) model of self-regulated learning to analyze how the different terms are used in the literature. We make and exemplify suggestions for a consistent usage of terms.     

Information fusion diagnosis and early-warning method for monitoring the long-term service safety of high dams

Analyzing the service behavior of high dams and establishing early-warning systems for them have become increasingly important in ensuring their long-term service. Current analysis methods used to obtain safety monitoring data are suited only to single survey point data. Unreliable or even paradoxical results are inevitably obtained when processing large amounts of monitoring data, thereby causing difficulty in acquiring precise conclusions. Therefore, we have developed a new method based on multi-source information fusion for conducting a comprehensive analysis of prototype monitoring data of high dams. In addition, we propose the use of decision information entropy analysis for building a diagnosis and early-warning system for the long-term service of high dams. Data metrics reduction is achieved using information fusion at the data level. A Bayesian information fusion is then conducted at the decision level to obtain a comprehensive diagnosis. Early-warning outcomes can be released after sorting analysis results from multi-positions in the dam according to importance. A case study indicates that the new method can effectively handle large amounts of monitoring data from numerous survey points. It can likewise obtain precise real-time results and export comprehensive early-warning outcomes from multi-positions of high dams.