读后写作提高高中生英语语篇理解能力的实践研究

对于英语这门语言类学科来说,阅读是知识的输入,写作则是知识的输出,读与写可谓是相互促进的,读后写作更是一个惯用的教学模式。在高中英语教学中,教师需主动引用读后写作这一教学模式,提高高中生的英语语篇理解能力,改善他们的读写水平。笔者以读后写作提高高中生英语语篇理解能力的实践为研究对象,并提出一系列个人建议。     

Knowledge, writing, and language outcomes for a reading comprehension and writing intervention

Many students struggle with gaining knowledge and writing about content text material and therefore require effective intervention. In a randomized controlled trial study, 77 low-achieving fourth-grade students received reading comprehension instruction or reading comprehension plus writing instruction or were assigned to a no-treatment control. Knowledge outcomes were evaluated through students’ retelling and performance on a standardized reading test. Written language-based outcomes were analyzed using a computer software program for semantic and syntactic measures. Analyses indicated that students in reading comprehension instruction and reading comprehension plus writing instruction outperformed the control group on oral and written retelling, a standardized reading test, and semantic measures. Syntactic measures, however, did not show statistically significant differences by treatment or control group. Implications for including language instruction and assessments within multi-component instruction are suggested.     

大学英语四级考试阅读理解测试与写作测试的相关性研究

对2007年6月大学英语四级考试阅读理解测试和写作测试分项成绩的抽样数据表明：考生的阅读理解能力与写作能力在总体上呈正相关,阅读能力强的考生较阅读能力中等（或差）的考生具有更强的写作能力。此结论为外语教学中阅读能力和写作能力之间存在互相影响、相互促进的相关性提供了依据。     

The Effects of a Summary Writing Strategy on the Literacy Skills of Adolescents with Disabilities

Many adolescents, particularly adolescents with disabilities, have difficulty with literacy tasks such as reading and writing. Yet research has found that when students with disabilities receive appropriate instruction, they typically are able to improve their overall writing outcomes. This study explored the effectiveness of a summary writing strategy taught through a mnemonic device (WINDOW) with prompts for self-regulation on the summary writing and reading comprehension of high school students with disabilities. Results indicated that the students who received the intervention wrote longer and higher quality summaries and improved their reading comprehension scores after learning the strategy when compared to a control group. These outcomes indicate that the WINDOW strategy may have the potential to improve reading and writing outcomes for high school students with disabilities. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

Feeding the information eaters: Suggestions for integrating pure and applied research on language comprehension

This paper examines the current relation between pure and applied research on the comprehension of written information. It finds few points of contact. The suggestion is put forward that greater interaction could be mutually profitable. An information flow among researchers is proposed that starts with applied solutions to practical problems, continues through pure explanations of why these solutions are successful, and so enables the refinement of the original applied solutions. Because such an information flow begins with applied solutions, some of the problems of systematizing the findings of applied research are discussed. There can never be an applied theory of communication that specifies precisely how to design written information. Therefore a proposal is put forward for applying quality-control procedures to the preparation of documents. Such procedures indicate that several different kinds of research are necessary for determining the content, optimising the format and evaluating the effectiveness of written communications. The desirability of interactions among those who carry out these different kinds of research is discussed. Finally, the criteria for evaluating research in general are considered. The categorisation of particular studies as either useful or useless is found to be inappropriate.Thanks are due to Drs John Morton and John Marshall both for providing the incentive to put these thoughts in writing and for their advice and encouragement during the preparation of the paper. Many helpful comments on an earlier draft were received from Dr Arnold Wilkins, Dr James Hartley and Michael Macdonald-Ross. These were all much appreciated, even though some may appear not to have been implemented directly.     

Systematic botany: Science to develop language facility

Classification is a fundamental skill that impacts on our abilities to read and to write text. The structure and sequence inherent in the science of taxonomy can be used as the basis for instruction in reading comprehension and in writing. The use of concrete, readily manipulated materials enhances vocabulary development by allowing the teacher to label objects and processes as the student experiences them. There are numerous activities which can be employed to enrich experiential learning; these can be directly related to reading and writing exercises. Processes learned with simple materials can be generalized to more abstract content as the students’ proficiency improves. The instructor can control the level of difficulty of the class by writing or selecting materials appropriate to the skills levels of the students involved. Language facility is developed as students progress from the known to the less well known in a series of carefully constructed steps.     

Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes

Signals are writing devices that emphasize aspects of a text's content or structure without adding to the content of the the text. Findings are reviewed for studies of several different types of signaling devices, including: titles, headings, previews, overviews, summaries, typographical cues, recall sentences, number signals, importance indicators, and summary indicators. Most investigations have examined how the presence of signals in a text affects subsequent memory for the text. Virtually all types of signals produce better memory for information they cue in a text, whereas memory for unsignaled information often is unaffected. Less attention has been directed to signaling effects on other cognitive processes, such as attention, basic reading processes, and comprehension. It is argued that an understanding of how signals influence these processes will contribute to the application of signaling research to reading and writing instruction and to our general understanding of reading.     

浅谈语文教学中知识的迁移与学习的延伸

为了解决语文教学中重阅读轻定作，阅读与定作脱钩的问题，本文提出把从课内阅读中获取的知识向定作迁移，向课外阅读和生活延伸。     

Let's eat grandma: Awareness of punctuation and capitalization rules' violations predicts the development of reading comprehension

An increasing body of evidence indicates that reading and writing are interconnected, but more studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms through which these two skills are associated. In this paper we report a study where we explored the relationship between second grade students' awareness of punctuation and capitalization rules' violations (a component of writing process) and their reading comprehension. The results showed that students' awareness of punctuation and capitalization rules’ violations was moderately corelated with reading comprehension (r = .64) and predicted reading comprehension tested in Spring after accounting for reading comprehension tested in Fall, word decoding fluency, listening comprehension, general cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our findings outline an under-researched association between reading and writing and point out to a potential new avenue to improve reading comprehension.     

论语文新课程的目标体系

语文新课程的显性目标包括知识目标和能力目标,而能力目标又包括独立阅读能力、自主写作能力、口语交际能力;语文课程的隐性目标包括审美能力、探究能力和情意要素。语文新课程的显性目标和隐性目标是血肉相依的,对学生发展而言,二者是缺一不可的。     

听力理解及其在英语教学中的地位和作用

听力理解先于说、读和写等其它技能,是学习一门新语言时首先获得的技能;听力理解为未来习得"说"打下了基础;注重听力理解训练、在最初教学阶段适当放松口头产出要求有助于培养学习者的语言能力,其比集中口头练习有更好的产出效果。本文通过援引二语习得方面重大和权威的研究成果,回顾了听力理解和语言学习的密切关系,探讨了听力理解及其在英语教学中的地位和作用,认为"听力优先说"优于传统的"语法翻译法"和"听说法"。     

Reading argumentative texts: comprehension and evaluation goals and outcomes

The study is situated at the interface between reading comprehension and critical thinking research. Its purpose was to examine the influence of reading goals and argument quality on the comprehension and critical evaluation of argumentative texts. Young adult readers read to comprehend or evaluate texts on two different controversial issues. Argument quality was varied across text versions on the basis of the hasty generalization fallacy. Text versions varied with respect to the quality of the arguments included, but not in terms of argument content. Measures of comprehension included main claim recall, overall recall and inferences in recall. Text evaluation was measured with a rating task. The sample’s familiarity with the text topics was low, and prior beliefs were relatively neutral. The results indicated that an evaluation goal had a consistent positive effect on main claim and text recall when compared to comprehension goal. Argument quality, however, had no main or interactive effects on text evaluation. The findings indicate that reading to evaluate argumentative text facilitates the representation of its content and critical argument elements, such as the claim it promotes. However, this representation is not sufficient for analyzing and critically evaluating the text’s argument line. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to current efforts to promote critical-analytic thinking skills in the context of reading and writing.     

人教版应用性练习的评价

初中语文人教版课后练习可以分为积累性练习、理解性练习和应用性练习,其中以应用性练习比重最大。评价应用性练习,从内容选择来看,具有灵活性开放性,导向课外阅读,与生活体验相连,听说读写融合,也有忽视工具性倾向。从内容组织和呈现来看,遵循学生认知规律,尊重学生特独感受,侧重学生想象能力,强调综合能力,但单元之间缺乏明显内在逻辑。     

Young learners’ reading and writing performance: Exploring collaborative modeling of text structure as an additional component of self-regulated strategy development

This study examined the effects of adding collaborative modeling of text structure as an additional component of self-regulated strategy development for elementary school 6th-grade students learning English as a second language (ESL). In this study, 34 students receiving a ‘Self-regulated strategy development plus collaborative modeling of text structure’ intervention were compared with 36 students receiving a ‘collaborative modeling of text structure only’ intervention, 38 students receiving a ‘self-regulated strategy development only’ intervention, and 36 students receiving traditional instruction. Several measures (i.e., content comprehension, summarization of main ideas, and essay writing) were administered after the one-month intervention. Results revealed that, compared to traditional instruction, self-regulated strategy development and collaborative modeling of text structure respectively resulted in better comprehension levels and writing performance. The combination of self-regulated strategy development and collaborative modeling of text structure was particularly effective in increasing primary school students’ content comprehension and writing quality. These findings highlight the benefit of coupling self-regulated strategy development and collaborative modeling of text structure for elementary school ESL classroom instruction.     

Reading–writing connections: Discourse-oriented research

As reading and writing are both language processes, one can assume relationships between them, but the exact nature of these relationships has not yet been determined. While a large body of research has addressed reading comprehension and written production independently, very little investigation has examined the possible relationships between these two psycholinguistic processes, particularly from a discourse and cognitive perspective. Argumentative texts were analyzed in the present investigation on reading–writing connections. Four tests were designed and tested on 439 eighth graders. The tests assessed psycholinguistic variables that account for the microstructural, macrostructural and superstructural levels of comprehension/production processing. Correlation results showed significant coefficients between reading and writing of argumentative texts in all the psycholinguistic levels analyzed. These results suggest that the processes involved in both activities share some common knowledge-based strategies.     

加强文本思路教学是提高阅读能力的有效途径

思路，是写作主体欲达到某种写作的意图，是对材料的选择、结构的安排、表达方式和方法运用的内在依据，是创作意图和客观形式的辩证统一。阅读理解是对写作意图、文章的内部组合手段以及形式和内容的相互关系的理解，而阅读理解的过程不只是解读文本思路的过程，同时也是思维能力得到培养的过程。     

从"叙述"到"描绘"--从语体风格看二十世纪中国文学批评的视角转换

文学批评中语体风格的不同表现取决于批评家的“写作”姿态,批评家对于文学观念、人格追求、精神世界等方面的不同侧重导致了文学批评在语言色调和表达方式方面的不同。从20世纪中国文学批评中可以看出,批评的语体风格是由“叙述”性走向了“描绘”性,从语体风格所体现出来的视角特征中,我们不仅可以更好地了解批评家的“写作”姿态,而且还可以帮助我们认识促使批评视角转换的时代特征。     

主位-述位理论对语篇的构建和解读

语篇的衔接与连贯是语篇研究的核心,主述位理论又是研究语篇衔接与连贯的一大功能体系.本文通过对主述位理论的描述,就大学英语教材中的某些语篇作了详细分析,旨在讨论该理论在教学中的应用,特别是阅读与写作教学,以此来帮助学习者对语篇进行快速准确的构建与解读.     

Deaf college students' perspectives on literacy portfolios

The study examined how literacy portfolios were used as tools in a college developmental English class in which deaf students assessed their reading comprehension as well as their writing processes and products. The students' reading and writing assignments involved reflective thinking and were grounded in authentic tasks. Immediate feedback was provided. The study was multidimensional, longitudinal, and ongoing. A variety of field research techniques were used to ascertain the uses and influences of portfolios in regard to students' reading, writing, and reflective thinking. The results support the idea that the use of literacy portfolios can positively influence students who are deaf when they assess their reading and writing abilities.     

英语教学中存在的问题--毕业班英语水平测试试卷分析

外语系98级学生参加了河北省英语专业水平测试,通过对试卷进行抽样分析,从整体上看,学生在语音、阅读理解方面相对较好,而在词汇、听力与写作方面较差.应该强调词汇教学和听力与写作的基本功训练.