浅谈我国保健食品发展现状及法律规制

随着我国经济日渐繁盛,百姓生活品质逐步提升,对生活健康也愈加关注。从20世纪80年代起步的保健品行业渐渐发展成为一个举世瞩目的新兴产业。但保健品质量良莠不齐、监管力度不足、法律法规不完善等诸多问题令人堪忧。     

对法律传统在法律现代化中作用的法理分析

法律传统是法律现代化的历史与逻辑起点,在法律现代化中具有积极和消极双重作用.通过对法律传统和法律现代化含义的界定,以及分析法律传统和现代法制的关系,试图寻找如何发挥法律传统在法律现代化中的积极作用,即实现对法律传统的扬弃和创新.     

建国以来天津教育法制发展研究

自建国以来,天津市的教育法制建设与中国法制建设息息相关,经历了从曲折前进到健康发展的过程。从建国后初步创立与曲折探索,到改革开放后的转折与逐渐恢复,再到21世纪的建立与完善,天津教育法制建设始终是在宏观的社会转型大背景下进行的,特别是十一届三中全会以来,适应教育改革与发展的迫切需要,天津的教育法制建设取得了显著成就,教育立法成果丰硕、教育行政执法明显进步、教育司法建设正在加强、教育普法工作取得明显成效、教育法制研究的课题不断深入与拓展。梳理和总结建国以来天津教育法制的发展历程,总结经验和不足,提出相应对策和建议,有助于今后天津教育法制建设的进一步健康发展。     

Information handling and adaptive expertise

This purpose of this paper is to argue the case for investigating the culture of information in primary schools. Recent technological change has altered the relationship between the individual and information, yet this change appears not to be reflected in the culture of schools, especially primary schools. To this end the area of the primary ICT curriculum which is categorised as ??information handling?? is examined, to investigate the current likely manifestation of this culture in schools. Using Hatano??s concept of Adaptive Expertise as its theoretical perspective, the curriculum is analysed from the point of view of how well it is likely to prepare children for a life in which the ability to evaluate information will become a generically crucial skill needing to be applied in many varied and unforeseeable circumstances. Educational researchers have argued the case for change in the way we teach children to deal with information in schools; however this paper suggests that the existing culture of schools needs to be understood and opportunities for change identified if these skills are successfully to be introduced.     

论法律逻辑学中的法律推理——关于法律推理的内涵和外延问题

我国法律逻辑学界对法律推理的定义和划分存在诸多问题,其根源是研究进路不统一。从逻辑学进路重新定义法律推理,彰显其逻辑学特征,揭示其逻辑学本质,体现"宽泛"的法律推理观,便于实现法律逻辑学界对法律推理定义的统一。从逻辑学的进路重新划分法律推理,恪守逻辑学的划分原则,凸显辩证逻辑推理形式在法律推理中的地位和作用,利于实现法律逻辑学界对法律推理划分的统一。     

试析法律的道德化与道德的法律强制

法律与道德的关系是法学研究的主要课题之一。法最初源于道德,但在后来的漫长的历史发展中,法逐渐与道德分离,不再是纯粹的道德规范。当道德律条对于人类的共同生存相当重要时,这些道德律条就有必要上升为法,有必要靠国家强制力迫使人们遵守它。     

Distributed and relative nature of professional expertise

This exploratory study investigates the distributed nature and complexity of professional expertise by examining the patterns of cognitive processes in novices and experts who are using ultrasound technology to make diagnoses. The study aims to identify and provide an explanation for such patterns in light of the recent debate on the locus of control underpinning human cognition. A distributed model of professional expertise based on the relationships between the four elements of socio-cultural disposition, tools and artefacts, strategies, and domain knowledge, is used to discuss the results. The findings illustrate the complexity of professional expertise, particularly when individuals depend on sophisticated tools to assist their thinking and reasoning.     

从法治意识培养谈学校法制教育

作为向学生开展普法工作的前沿阵地,学校肩负着重要的公民法制教育的使命。学校法制教育具有弘扬法治精神、培养法治观念以及预防和减少违法犯罪等重要功能。但是,当前学校法制教育存在着一些实际问题,使其功能不能有效发挥出来。学校法制教育要适应建设法治国家的要求,就必须高度重视法律意识培养。     

Orchestrating expertise in reading and writing

With increased attention focused on the economic cache afforded through literacy and numeracy skills, governments around the world have turned their attention to developing the expertise of their teachers. Improving teachers' levels of competency leads to improvement in student achievement. In this qualitative case study, we focus on the Educational Foundations Program, in Ontario, Canada, established in part to develop competencies in the area of literacy instruction by addressing teachers' content knowledge. Serious questions about the ways in which the notion of ‘expertise’ is understood and developed arose as the programme was implemented. We examine notions of expertise and the experiences of teachers, administrators and curriculum leaders charged with orchestrating expertise in reading and writing in their respective districts.     

Stability and change in teacher expertise

Teacher expertise research has focused on differences between experts and novices generally assuming that characteristics of both groups are stable across classroom situations. This assumption was examined in a study of the implementation of cooperative learning in nine heterogeneous classes by teachers who were inexperienced in the use of cooperative learning and who varied on instructional expertise and subject-matter proficiency. Results suggest that the behavior of many experts resembles that of novices when the former confront unfamiliar pedagogical situations. Finally, restoration of expertise is not always accomplished with ease. Finally, subject matter proficiency contributes to, but is not the sole determinant of, expert teacher performance in novel situations.     

法学教育视野内的法律方法——法律思维的视角

法学教育具有传输知识和提高能力的双重属性,我国当前的法学教育中在后者上有所欠缺,因此能够提高学生实践能力的法律思维应当成为法学教育中的重要内容。其具体培养途径就是引入法律方法的教学。法律方法有利于提高学生的实践理性,为法治发展储备优秀人才,具有重要的教育意义。当然,其作用的发挥会因条件限制而有些局限性,需要我们认真对待并消解。     

教师专业知识发展研究的若干视角分析

教师专业知识发展研究是教师专业发展研究核心领域之一.从不同视角对教师专业知识发展研究的一些内容、意义和研究方法进行透视分析,不仅为教师专业知识发展研究提供了框架和具体的方向,而且在研究方法方面提供了诸多启示.     

Classification of chemical reactions: Stages of expertise

In this study we explore the strategies that undergraduate and graduate chemistry students use when engaged in classification tasks involving symbolic and microscopic (particulate) representations of different chemical reactions. We were specifically interested in characterizing the basic features to which students pay attention when classifying chemical reactions at the symbolic and microscopic levels. We identified the categories that students create when classifying chemical reactions, and compared the performance in simple classification tasks of students with different levels of preparation in the discipline. Our results suggest that advanced levels of expertise in chemical classification do not necessarily evolve in a linear and continuous way with academic training; a significant proportion of undergraduate students, regardless of their level of preparation in chemistry, based their classification schemes on the identification of surface features and failed to create chemically meaningful classes. Students' ability to identify chemically meaningful groups was strongly influenced by their recent learning experiences and their graduate work in chemistry. The level of expertise and the type of chemical representation influenced the number and types of categories created, the nature of the features used to build a class, and the role that these features played during the classification process. Although all of the participants in our study expressed similar levels of unfamiliarity with the microscopic images of chemical reactions, advanced students were more adept at using the available representational features to build chemical meaning. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 771–793, 2008