高等教育质量保证的国际趋势与中国的选择

本文在简要阐述有关高等教育质量保证概念的基础上,从质量保证的主体、目的、对象、指标或标准以及实施层面等五个方面入手,对近年来美、英、欧盟主要国家以及日本的变化趋势和特点进行考察,并对如何构建具有中国特色的高等教育质量保证体系提出几点建议。     

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The University Today International Seminar is presented and briefly described. The theme and the sub‐themes of the thirty‐fifth session of this seminar are also presented and linked to the current situation of Yugoslavia. The modus operandi of the sessions is described, and very short summaries of the major presentations and of the published papers are given. The article ends with a summary of the final recommendations of the seminar.     

HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE CONCEPT OF LIFELONG EDUCATION

The following article does not give a complete answer to the above question nor does it define the concept of lifelong education, but it shows the place and the role of lifelong education in the system of education.

The article is based on the first chapter of the study written by James B. Ingram, Director of the B. Ed. Course at Bradford College (the United Kingdom) in collaboration with the Unesco Division of Educational Structures, Contents and Methods and the Unesco Institute for Education in Hamburg.     

HIGHER EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT: CHANGING CONDITIONS FOR DIVERSIFIED STRUCTURES OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article begins with an overview of the history of the importance given by European systems of higher education to the twin questions of the proper structures of higher education and the link between higher education and employment. From the mid‐1950's to the present, the debates on the two questions have sometimes been closely linked and sometimes barely linked at all. The point is that the link between increased employment and higher education is very complex and that signals are unclear. There is no proof, for instance, that over the long‐term, graduates of non‐university higher education institutions will be better protected against unemployment than graduates of traditional universities, particularly those from non‐traditional and diversified programmes within these universities. Still a non‐hierarchical diversity of institutions and programmes seems best suited to the long‐term employment prospects of students. Also, information sources on higher education and employment must be made more accurate and more comprehensive.     

FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Future development of higher education is at present a widely discussed issue in the United Kingdom. This discussion was inspired to a great extent, by a paper “Higher Education into the 1990s: A Discussion Document” issued in February 1978 by the Department of Education and Science (DES) and the Scottish Education Department. (Editor's Note: The main part of this document was published in No.3, May‐June 1978, issue of this Bulletin).

The article presented below reviews prospects of future developments in higher education mainly of the university sector in the United Kingdom in the context of the above document. It is based on the Final Report of the Group on Forecasting and University Expansion established in April 1978 by the Conference of University Administrators (CUA). The Report draws attention to a number of matters which are either not covered or not developed in the Discussion Document. The Chairman of the group was Mr. M.L. Shattock, Academic Register, University of Warwick.     

美国《高等教育法》修订与高等教育财政改革

1965年通过的《高等教育法》是美国历史上最为重要的高等教育立法之一,扩展了联邦政府在高等教育财政领域的角色。该法以再授权的方式周期性地予以修订,到目前为止,已进行了8次再授权。2008年通过的《高等教育机会法》是对该法的第8次再授权,本次修订提出了一系列重要的高等教育财政改革措施,并突出体现了促进和改善入学机会、可负担和问责的高等教育财政理念。     

THE SWISS SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION

We have received numerous requests to present in “Higher Education in Europe”, in relatively short form, the main features of higher education systems in the different countries of the Unesco European Region.

As partial response to these requests, we present below a survey on the Swiss system of higher education, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Dr. Esther C. Garke from the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, and CEPES Liaison Officer in Switzerland.

We also take this opportunity to invite our readers to provide us with papers or documents for similar presentations.     

中国蒙古民族现代高等教育的嬗变

对某一民族的教育发展进行专题研究。对深入把握和分析这一民族的教育演变规律具有重要的意义。笔者采用历史考证、文献梳理和逻辑分析等方法,认为高等教育属于文化的概念,作为探索高深学问和培养高级专门人才的高等教育在不同的文化背景下表现出各不相同的个性;高等教育又是一个历史的范畴,其内涵与外延、内容与功能在一个民族的历史发展过程中、在一个民族的文化变迁中经历了一个从简单到复杂的演变过程。同样,蒙古民族现代高等教育的变迁．也经历了从简单到复杂的演变过程。与此同时,在追求现代化的过程中,始终保持着教育的民族性和文化个性。     

私立高等教育的公共性

本文重点分析了私立大学的公共控制问题和私立机构利用公共资源的问题。私立学院和大学将政府提供的资助转换为学费,取得空前的繁荣。不同私立大学在市场化机制下的行为方式是不同的,优秀私立大学带动了学费水平的不断提高。营利性大学是美国高等教育领域中发展最快的一部分。成功商业模式的复制和学生资助政策,是营利性大学快速发展的两个关键因素。私立大学的出现也带来了教育质量等一系列问题。新的政策走向似乎更有利于营利性大学,使之有可能获得更多的公共资源。     

大学生就业选择的行业因素分析

本文使用 2 0 0 0年国家统计局城镇住户调查数据 ,利用明瑟收入函数方程对我国收入差异进行了分解。根据计量回归结果给出了“行业收益指数” ,并将 15个行业划分为“高收益行业”、“中收益行业”以及“低收益行业”。实证结果表明 :“高收益行业”的行业收益比明瑟个人教育收益率的影响更大。本文从行业收益差异的角度在一定程度上解释了为什么高校毕业生在求职过程中会出现“有业不就”和“无业可就”并存的矛盾现象