财政视野下的高等学校类型

从财政的视角观察 ,高等院校的类型划分应该从高校固定资产所有权和日常运行费用两个方面来识别。各国大学的发展经历过产权属私人团体所有、经费靠捐赠和学费承担的时期 ;也经历过所有高校的产权归国家所有 ,全部经费由政府承担的时代。直到 2 0世纪 70年代以前各国高校可以简明地分为“公”“私”两类。过去二十多年情况发生深刻的变化 ,所有权与日常经费来源发生分离 ,公立高校中要求私人分担的经费日益增多 ,私立高校亦得到日益增多的公共财政援助。“公私混合型”高校也应运而生 ,“三类多重”的高校分类正在形成。     

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION

After a brief historical review, the author describes the legal, cultural and economic elements that brought women into US higher education in such big numbers. She also discusses the professional situation of women after graduation and reviews major problems awaiting a solution

Mrs. Nancy Tapper is executive vice‐president of the Centre for Social Redesign, Oakland, California. Trained as a mathematician she is a former professor and college president     

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLISH HIGHER EDUCATION

The article analyses the progress in the participation of women in Polish higher education, with respect to different fields of study and their position in graduate studies, as well as in professional life, where she underlines the dangers of the feminization of certain professions

Mrs. Jablonska‐Skinder is scientific secretary of the Institute of Science Policy, Technological Progress and Higher Education, Warsaw, Poland     

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN HUNGARY

Mrs. Deri, after stating that in Hungary today there is a satisfactory number of women students in higher education, splits up the total figures for women students at university into fields of study and shows which ones women usually prefer. She then reviews briefly the results of a sociological survey concerning various questions related to women in higher education, before and after graduation, their professional choices and career opportunities

Mrs. Vera Deri is attached to the Pedagogical Research Centre for Higher Education, Budapest, Hungary     

ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The article describes the system of evaluation and accreditation of higher education which is being developed in Ukraine. Although the activities of quality control and accreditation are centralized around the activities of the Inter‐branch Accreditation Commission (IAC), the intention is to decentralize them as soon as possible. The results so far have been positive. The Ukrainian government wishes to create a higher education system fully compatible with the higher education systems of other European countries and therefore wishes to develop its evaluation and accreditation system in co‐operation with similar activities in other countries.     

ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN RUSSIA

Although the formal evaluation of higher education by state authorities has a long history in Russia, the creation of a system of accreditation began in 1990 in order to meet the challenge of the setting up of private institutions of higher education. There are two kinds of accreditation: state accreditation and public accreditation. This article stresses the former because of the two types it is the most developed. Its objectivity is assured through the use of computerized procedures and visualization. Moreover, the use of computerization permits the simultaneous evaluation of higher education institutions and in general responds rapidly to changing conditions in the Russian Federation.     

试论普通高校课程网络化

普通高校课程网络化是指在校园环境下通过网络课程的设计、开发与实施,使教学过程在时问和空间两个维度得到充分的延展,从根本上改变现有教学组织形式,提高教学效果。从教学发展史看普通高校课程网络化对教学具有革命性影响,它具有研究优势、资源优势、自主优势和人力资源优势。高师院校应率先进行课程网络化的实践和研究。     

高等学校定位:竞争中的抉择

高等教育多样化是在社会竞争中由学校自主办学形成的。要用一种动态的眼光来看待所谓学校的“定位”。高等学校制定自己的发展战略是审时度势下的理性决策。政府的职能是完善社会竞争机制和宏观调节手段 ,构建合理的高等教育结构。     

市场经济发展与高等教育经费来源多元化

随着社会主义市场经济的发展 ,我国高等教育经费来源格局发生了深刻的变化。计划经济时代形成的国家单一拨款的经费来源被多渠道筹措高等教育经费的格局所取代。这种变化反映了我国社会主义市场经济的客观要求 ,不仅具有其理论基础 ,而且具有现实的必要性和可行性。     

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATORS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

The professional development of college and university administrators is a problem which receives attention in many discussions on the policy and planning of higher education. In this connection we give below information based on an article by Charles F. Fisher, Director of the Institute for College and University Administrators of the American Council on Education.     

THE CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The procedures for the licensing, attestation, and accreditation of educational institutions in the Russian Federation are listed and described. The reasons for a unified system of control and evaluation of educational institutions, particularly higher education institutions, are explained.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN USSR

This article undertakes to describe the general situation of women in the USSR with regards to higher education, by insisting particularly on the fact that equality in this regard can only be achieved if the surrounding general network of cultural values, social norms and attitudes supports major female access to higher education. Drawing on available statistics, the author reviews preferred fields of studies and examines women's position in higher education, management and teaching.

Mr. Chetverikov is director of the Scientific Research Institute for Higher Education, Moscow, USSR.>     

我国高等教育地区差距的实证分析

高等教育资源的空间配置是一个国家内部不同区域经济社会发展差距的重要原因之一。本文在总结前人研究分析的基础上。运用泰尔指数作为基本指标对我国2002年的高等教育、人口、经济和城市资料进行了实证分析。我们发现:(1)我国高等教育资源在行政区内的分布呈现不均衡状态,且相对于人口分布的不均衡要高于相对于收入分布的不均衡。(2)是否考虑高等教育质量因素对于高等教育资源空间分布均衡性的判断影响不大。(3)高等教育分布的地区差距主要是由行政区内的不均衡造成的,行政区之间的不均衡影响较小。(4)城市化率与泰尔指教的四个指标都是呈负相关关系。也就是说,各行政区泰尔指数越小,高等教育资源分布相对越均衡,该行政区城市化程度就越高。最后,本研究为我国高等教育空间布局调整提供了相应的参考建议。