Decomposition method for solving parabolic equations in finite domains

INTRODUCTION The decomposition method was introduced by Adomian(1989;1994)in the1980’s for solving linear and nonlinear functional equations(algebraic,dif-ferential,partial differential equations(PDEs)and systems,integral,differential-delay,integro-differen-tial equations,etc.)(Adomian,1989;1994;Guellal and Cherruault,1995;Adomian et al.,1996;Laffez and Abbaoui,1996;Ndour et al.,1996;Guellal et al.,1997;Abbaoui and Cherruault,1999;Adjedj,1999).This method leads to computable,accurat…     

“不客气”和“别客气”

对“不客气”和“别客气”进行多方面比较的结果表明：“不客气”和“别客气”在使用语境、词语增量和语法单位上存在差异;在语用上,“不客气”比“别客气”更礼貌。其深层理据在于：第一,“不客气”的主语是言者主语,“别客气”的主语是句子主语,而二者主语的分别是移情策略在言语交际中的运用;第二,语法化对语义的制约,“不客气”的语法意义是不必要客气,“别客气”的语法意义是不需要客气,“不客气”强调客观不必要,自然更易为听话人接受。     

Bamboo leaf extract improves spatial learning ability in a rat model with senile dementia

Senile dementia (SD) is a syndrome characterized by progressive neurological deterioration. Treatment for the disease is still under investigation. Bamboo leaf extract (B-extract) has been known for its biological efficacy in anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, study on B-extract for its protection against dementia is very limited. The effect of B-extract on a rat model with SD was examined. B-extract improved spatial learning ability of the dementia rats. The hippocampus of dementia model rats showed reduced levels of acetylcholine (ACh), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), and increased activities of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Treatment with B-extract 20 mg/(kg·d) for 7 weeks significantly inhibited the enzyme activity compared with untreated dementia rats, and raised the levels of ACh, E, and DA in the hippocampus. In addition, treatment with B-extract elevated the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but reduced the level of glutamate (Glu) in the brain. These data suggest that B-extract might be a potential drug in treating impairment of spatial memory in dementia rats by regulating the central neurotransmitter function.     

'It doesn't concern us!' The Code of Practice and its relevance for special schools, units and service

Ann Lewis (Senior Lecturer in Education), Sean Neill (Senior Lecturer in the Policy Analysis Unit) and Jim Campbell (Professor of Education and Director of the Policy Analysis Unit), all of the University of Warwick, consider the views of staff in special schools, units and services (referred to as the 'special sector') on the introduction of the Code of Practice. The underlying argument is that, within the context of a discussion on its possible relevance to the special sector, the Code's potential universality is being lost through an over-emphasis on the implementation of its procedural aspects (notably the 'five stages') and an under-emphasis on its principles.     

Teaching Kids to Care about Jewish Problems: A Noddings’ Approach

Drawing on Noddings’ work on religion and education (1993), moral education (2002), and citizenship education (2005\, 2015), this article contemplates how educators both in public schools and parochial Jewish schools might teach students to care about critical issues confronting the Jewish community historically and contemporarily. Its premise is that the teaching of the Jewish experience is presently deficient in both school settings. The article suggests ways that Noddings’ conceptions of caring (1992), pedagogical neutrality (1993), and critical lessons (2006) can be adapted and applied to the teaching of Jewish civilization in more appropriate, holistic, and nuanced ways. Its implications are applicable to many other American subgroups whose treatment in the social studies curriculum is typically inadequate.     

CO氧化用纳米金催化剂常用的表征技术

从电子显微镜技术、X射线技术、电子能谱技术和红外光谱技术四方面介绍了纳米金催化剂常用的表征技术,分析其在金颗粒尺寸和晶相尺寸测定、金价态和金所处电子环境的检测以及CO分子在金催化剂表面吸附态研究等方面的作用,并展望了密度泛函理论计算对纳米金催化剂反应机理研究的潜在重要意义.     

从物理行为到言语行为:嘱咐类动词的产生

本文考察"属、付嘱、嘱付、分付、交代"等嘱咐类动词的产生过程,这些动词在不同时代从表示物理行为演变为表示言语行为。汉语史上反复出现的这种词义演变是导管隐喻、重新分析和诱导推理在相应的句法、语用条件下共同作用所致。本文以嘱咐类动词的产生为例,讨论了以下两个问题:1)为什么不少词义演变从起点和终点看是隐喻,演变过程中却看不到隐喻作用?2)同在隐喻作用下,为什么有的词义演变得以实现,甚至跨越范畴产生新词,有的却不能?     

Comparison of the performance of chiral stationary phase for separation of fluoxetine enantiomers

Separation of fluoxetine enantiomers on five chiral stationary phases （chiralcel OD-H, chiralcel OJ-H, chiralpak AD-H, cyclobond 1 2000 DM and kromasil CHI-TBB） was investigated. The optimal mobile phase compositions of fluoxetine separation on each column were hexane/isopropanol/diethyl amine （98/2/0.2, v/v/v）, hexane/isopropanol/diethyl amine （99/1/0. l, v/v/v）, hexane/isopropanol/diethyl amine （98/2/0.2, v/v/v）, methanol/0.2% triethylamine acetic acid （TEAA） （25/75, v/v; pH 3.8） and hexane/isopropanol/diethyl amine （98/2/0.2, v/v/v）, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that baseline separation （Rs〉1.5） of fluoxetine enantiomers was obtained on chiralcel OD-H, chiralpak AD-H, and cyclobond I 2000 DM while the best separation was obtained on the last one. The eluate orders of fluoxetine enantiomers on the columns were determined. The first eluate by chiralcel OJ-H and kromasil CHI-TBB is the S-enantiomer, while by chiralpak AD-H and cyclobond 12000 DM is the R-enantiomer.     

Academic Freedom Versus the Velvet Totalitarian Culture of Comfort on Current Canadian Campuses: Some Fundamental Terms and Distinctions

The paper begins with an elaboration of the terms in the title, for which I claim accuracy though no comfort. Academic freedom is defined for all members of the academic community (students and faculty) as the right to be evaluated only in terms of performance (merit), and not at all in terms of opinions (comfort). The current contrasting culture of comfort on Canadian campuses is a velvet totalitarian one, where, except for the severity of punishments, all other salient features of totalitarian regimes are present. Distinctions that are clear in principle (though difficult to make in practice, under some circumstances) are asserted to hold between: acts and opinions; opinions and performance; academic freedom and power; symmetrical and asymmetrical power relationships; issue- and person-directed opinions. The paper concludes with brief comments on the papers of Professors Bond (1996), Kubara (1996), and Wilson (1996), which were included in the Symposium on Climate Issues, Speech Codes, and Academic Freedom published in Interchange, Volume 27, #2, 1996. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection in the dialysis patients with end stage renal diseases: case reports and literature review

The diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) seems relatively difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms and signs in patients on peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.We report four cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis on dialysis,with two cases on peritoneal dialysis and two cases on hemodialysis.The presentations,therapy,and outcomes of TB infection in these patients were reviewed.Otherwise,the English literature published in the PubMed database associating extra-pulmonary tuberculosis on dialysis over the last three decades is reviewed.A total of 61 studies containing 70 cases were included.The most common primary disease was diabetic nephropathy(22.86%,16/70).The peritoneum(31.42%,22/70),bone(21.42%,15/70),and lymph node(20%,14/70) were the most frequently infected.Single organ infection was common(90%,63/70).Fever(58.57%,41/70),pain(35.71%,25/70),and enlarged lymph node(20%,14/70) were the most common symptoms.Biopsy(67.14%,47/70) and culture(40%,28/70) provided most reliable methods for clear diagnosis of tuberculosis.The combined treatment of isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide,and ethambutol(44.29%,31/70) was the most common therapy.The majority of patients improved(82.86%,58/70);however,12 cases got worse(17.14%),with 10 of them dying(14.29%).Physicians should be aware of the non-specific symptoms and location of infection,and consider tuberculosis in their differential diagnoses in dialysis patients presenting with symptoms such as fever,pain,and weight loss.     

疑问语气词“婆”的语源及其流变

“婆”用于“VP-neg”句式,与“不、非、未、无”可以互换,功能相同。通过排比佛典同一故事内容的异译,认为“VP不”式的“不”作为语气词是北方语言的特点,南方正反问句采用“VP 不 VP”格式来表达。通过音义关系的考察,认为“不、非、未、无”具有同源关系,“婆”源于“不”,是通语“不”在西部方言中的变体。唐代以后,正反问句中“不”“无”的使用出现此消彼长,口语里“无”保留了古音,而“不”则借“婆”延续生命力。“VP-neg”式里的否定词逐渐固化为塞音声母和鼻音声母两类,主元音为[a]类及其变音,并以此为基点逐渐扩散,在不同的时间和不同的地域,分别用了不同的字来记录,“婆”写作“波、啵、罢、吧”;“无”写作“磨、摩、麽、么、末、没、嘛、吗”。     

Research of 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone Production by Overexpressing Glycerol Transporter and Glycerol Dehydrogenase

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone(DHA), a natural ketose, is widely used in the chemical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The current method for DHA production is Gluconobacter oxydans( G. oxydans) fermentation, but the high concentration of glycerol in the fermentation broth inhibits cells growth. To overcome this obstacle, in this study, we overexpressed the glycerol transporter(Glp Fp) by the use of promoters P_(tuf B), P _(gmr), P_(glp1), and P_(glp2) in G. oxydans 621H. The results show that the glycerol tolerances of strains overexpressing Glp F were all much better than that of the control strain. The glycerol dehydrogenase gene( Gdh) was overexpressed by the promoters P_(tufB) and P_(gdh), which increased the DHA titer by 12.7% compared with that of the control group. When Glp F and Gdh genes were co-overexpressed in G. oxydans 621 H, the OD600 value of the engineered strains all increased, but the DHA titers decreased in different degrees, as compared with strains that overexpressed only Gdh. This study provides a reference for future research on DHA production.     

Are working memory deficits in readers with learning disabilities hard to change?

This study investigated whether changes in the working memory (WM) performance of readers with learning disabilities (LD) is related to a general or domain-specific system. The study compared readers with LD, chronologically age-matched (CA-M), and reading level-matched (RL-M) children's WM performance for phonological, visual-spatial, and semantic information under initial (no probes or cues), gain (cues that bring performance to an asymptotic level), and maintenance (asymptotic conditions without cues) conditions. The main findings indicated that (a) CA-M children were superior in performance to readers with LD across initial, gain, and maintenance conditions, (b) readers with LD showed less change (as reflected in effect size scores, slopes for the quadratic curve) on both visual-spatial and verbal (phonological and semantic) WM tasks across gain and maintenance conditions than the CA-matched children, and (c) the performance of readers with LD was superior to the RL-M children's performance on initial conditions, but inferior on gain and maintenance conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that a general system moderated the changes in retrieval of phonological, visual-spatial, and semantic information in readers with LD.     

硅胶表面双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备和识别特性

采用表面分子印迹技术,在硅胶表面合成了基于双酚A的分子印迹聚合物,用紫外光谱分析了模板分子的洗脱效果,用扫描电子显微镜表征了印迹聚合物的表面形貌。静态吸附实验表明,该印迹聚合物对双酚A具有较好的选择性吸附。     

“人工智能+教育”驱动下的教师知识结构重构——论融入伦理的AIPCEK框架及其发展模式

人工智能(AI)技术的教育应用给教师教学带来前所未有的变革,从智能教学环境、“AI+教学法”的创新到教学内容表征形式的智能化,AI的影响日渐广泛,但同时也伴随一系列极具挑战性的伦理问题与伦理风险。进入智能化时代,教师扮演着新的角色并面临更加复杂的AI应用伦理问题,这需要重构教师的知识结构。为此,基于TPACK概念框架,将伦理知识作为一种新的教师知识构成要素引入,提出并构建了“AI+学科教学”伦理知识框架(AIPCEK),即教师的基本知识构成包括教学知识、学科知识、AI知识和伦理知识。在原有TPACK框架基础上,生成新的融入伦理的复合型知识形态:教学伦理知识(PEK)、学科伦理知识(CEK)、AI伦理知识(AIEK)、学科教学伦理知识(PCEK)、“AI+学科”伦理知识(AICEK)、“AI+教学”伦理知识(AIPEK)和“AI+学科教学”伦理知识(AIPCEK)。AIPCEK继承了伦理知识所具有的复杂性、情境性、实践性、协商建构性和多元化等特点,其发展模式有三种:AIPCEK发展的金字塔需求模型;基于在线实践社区的教师AIPCEK发展模式;基于项目驱动的AIPCEK发展模式。AIPCEK的提出,有助于揭示智能时代教师知识结构新的特点及伦理内涵,为教师专业发展提供理论基础,为教师的知识结构研究及教学实践,提供一种新的分析框架。     

Indoor air quality risk assessment on the Canadian campus by a multilevel integrated weighted average method

Increasing incidents of indoor air quality (IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under different scale of multiple indicators is still a challenge. The traditional single-indicator method is subjected to uncertainties in assessing IAQ due to different subjectivity on good or bad quality and scalar differences of data set. In this study, a multilevel integrated weighted average IAQ method including initial walking through assessment (IWA) and two-layers weighted average method are developed and applied to evaluate IAQ of the laboratory building at the University of Regina in Canada. Some important chemical parameters related to IAQ in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methanol (HCHO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) are evaluated based on 5 months continuous monitoring data. The new integrated assessment result can not only indicates the risk of an individual parameter, but also able to quantify the overall IAQ risk on the sampling site. Finally, some recommendations based on the result are proposed to address sustainable IAQ practices in the sampling area.     

Coagulation-flocculation process for combined sewage in Shanghai

IntroductionaEutrophicationisaseriousprobleminYangtzeestuarybecausesomuchuntreatedcombinedwastewaterisdischargedintotherivereveryday.Thecombinedsewagecontainsorganicsandnutrients.Coagulation-flocculationprocesscanachieveahighefficiencyinremovingorganicsubstancesandphosphates,andcanbeaneconomicalalternativetoafullbiologicaltreat-mentprocess[1].Theaimofapplyingcoagulation-flocculationtreatmentisgenerallytoremovecolloidalmatterinwastewater.Also,nutrientsmayberemovedduringtheprocess.Thephysical-…     

What contributes to low achievement of middle school students: Evidence from multigroup structural equation modeling

The authors' purpose was to examine the degree to which low achievement is related to ontogenetic factors (i.e., personal psychological traits expressed as attention and depression) or microsystemic factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, parenting, relationship with peers and teachers), using a total of 721 middle school students in South Korea. Based on the percentile rank, low-achieving students (bottom 15%; n = 323) and high-achieving students (top 15%; n = 398) were grouped, and a multigroup structural equation modeling was employed to determine which ecological factor(s) contribute to predict low achievement of middle school students. Results from multigroup structural equation modeling showed that 3 of the 6 ecological and ontological factors had significant direct or indirect effect on low achievement: socioeconomic status (direct effect), attention (direct effect), parenting (indirect effect). The findings are discussed in terms of the intertwined influences of ecological factors on low achievement, finally leading to the discussion on the limitations and future directions for research.     

Understanding the intention to use interactive whiteboards: model development and testing

The effective use of an interactive whiteboard (IWB) in teacher-education institutions depends strongly on student teachers' intention of using it. Despite the recent surge in published research on the widespread applications for IWBs in teaching and learning, few have developed a model to elucidate the factors which influence student teachers' behavioural intentions (BIs) regarding the use of IWBs. The aim of this study was to develop a model which demonstrates the variables that affect student teachers' intentions and which also explain their interactions. The proposed research model is based on previous models of technology acceptance. Six variables (technology self-efficacy (TSE), performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating condition, and BI) were selected to build a model for this study. Structural equation modelling was used as the main technique for data analysis. The research model was found reliable and valid, the findings being based on a self-reported survey of 156 student teachers in Australia. Of the seven hypotheses which were formulated, five were supported by the findings. From the effect sizes, the dominant determinant of BI was found to be PE, this being followed by TSE, EE, and SI.