Teacher Education in England and Wales

Teacher Education in England and Wales (Studies in Education, No. 8) GEOFFREY PARTINGTON, 1999 London: Institute of Education, University of London. 163 pp., ISBN 0 225 36476 8, £12     

质量提升与体系完善:20世纪70年代英国教师职前教育的转型——以英格兰与威尔士为例

20世纪70年代英格兰与威尔士中小学教师职前教育实践呈现一系列转型,具体包括教师培养规模紧缩,教师教育机构重组,地区培训组织解散,研究生教育证书课程成为培养教师的主要途径,教师职前教育课程实践性增强,教师职前教育开始融入教师终身教育体系。这些转型促进了英国教师职前教育的质量提升与体系完善,并为我国教师职前教育事业发展积累了可资借鉴的经验。     

英国职前教师教育课程现状述评——以爱丁堡大学莫雷教育学院和伦敦大学教育学院为例

本文以2006年度爱丁堡大学莫雷教育学院BED课程计划和伦敦大学教育学院PGCE课程计划为例,透析英国当前的职前教师教育课程,对其现状、特点及负面效果进行阐述分析。作为他山之石,英国的职前教师教育课程可以对我国的教师教育改革有所启示。     

Teacher relationships and educational reform in England and Wales

Collegiality has been advocated as an antidote to the presumed isolation and individualism of teachers. In the main body of this paper, I review British contributions to this debate. Studies suggest that collegiality is more likely to flourish within primary schools than in other settings. Recent developments, especially the introduction of a National Curriculum, promise contradictory results: increasing the press toward collaborative, participatory planning, while simultaneously depriving teachers of their traditional autonomy over curricular content. In the final section, I consider whether there are different questions which should be addressed.     

以变应变:英格兰职前教师教育督导的变革依据与关键特征

教师教育的专项督导是高等教育分类督导体系建设中不可或缺的一部分.英格兰教育标准局主持的职前教师教育督导根据基础教育变革、教师发展、疫情冲击及时调整督导内容、方法与运行方式,以保障教育系统运行有序,规范教师教育合作伙伴的多元供给,提升职前教师教育的质量.以变应变的趋势之下,英格兰政府始终坚持教师教育的公共性,教育标准局作为监管者在开展教师教育督导时以法律为基础,以学习者需求为重;通过问责确保公共资金的投入物有所值;为消费者提供独立、可比较的评估信息;鼓励但不介入教师教育合作伙伴的改进.在充分理解英格兰教师教育督导的合理性、特殊性与局限性的基础上,可获得改善我国教师教育督导的洞见.     

Predicting the Impact of the Implementation of the DfEE Circular 4/98 for Primary Science Initial Teacher Education in England and Wales

Abstract

The article sets the context in which primary science educators find themselves, following the publication in England and Wales of the two recent DfEE circulars (10/97 and 4/98), Teaching: High Status, High Standards. The implications of trainee teachers demonstrating a wide range of standards, both of teaching ability and personal subject knowledge levels, by the end of their courses, are considered. The research was carried out by questioning staff from 32 teacher training institutions, who attended a conference in the early summer of 1998, where the focus was looking at strategies for auditing and enhancing trainee teachers’ subject knowledge. The results indicated that few institutions had foreseen the changes by previously planning for the introduction of subject auditing of trainees, but that all institutions had plans afoot for introducing it both on entry, and during the course. Techniques were based mainly around student self‐assessment, monitored by tutors, using strategies such as evidence portfolios, concept mapping, etc. Strategies such as multiple‐choice testing and computer assessment were envisaged as being used to a lesser extent.     

Initial Teacher Education in Spain: a critical analysis

ABSTRACT

Initial teacher education of primary and secondary teachers in Spain is discussed. Recent developments are described with particular reference to the new curriculum, the institutional framework in which it is developed, the education level required, professional education, its structural coherence and rigour and the innovation it involves. These developments and current provisions are critically appraised and alternatives proposed.     

Art Education in Initial Teacher Education: A Negotiated Education

In this article we aim to highlight the issues we have encountered in teaching art curriculum courses on the primary BAEd degree programme. The main issues addressed are student self-confidence and the conditions which form barriers to active engagement in art activities. These we have addressed in the context of the wide changes taking place since the Education Reform Act of 1988. Our concern is that students develop the confidence to implement change in accord with their own convictions. We describe how we support them in their developing autonomy through the various strategies we have developed including the recognition and transfer of prior knowledge and reflection on the process of their own learning.     

In-service Initial Teacher Education in the Learning and Skills Sector in England: Integrating Course and Workplace Learning

The aim of the paper is to advance understanding of in-service learning and skills sector trainee teachers’ learning and propose ways of improving their learning. A conceptual framework is developed by extending Billett’s (International Journal of Educational Research 47:232–240, 2008) conceptualisation of workplace learning, as a relationally interdependent process between the opportunities workplaces afford for activities and interactions and how individuals engage with these, to a third base of participation, the affordances of the initial teacher education course. Hager and Hodkinson’s (British Educational Research Journal 35:619–638, 2009) metaphor of ‘learning as becoming’ is used to conceptualise the ways trainees reconstruct learning in a continuous transactional process of boundary crossing between course and workplace. The findings of six longitudinal case studies of trainees’ development, and evidence from other studies, illustrate the complex interrelationships between LSS workplace affordances, course affordances and trainee characteristics and the ways in which trainees reconstruct learning in each setting. The experience of teaching and interacting with learners, interactions with colleagues, and access to workplace resources and training are important workplace affordances for learning. However, some trainees have limited access to these affordances. Teaching observations, course activities and experiences as a learner are significant course affordances. Trainees’ beliefs, prior experiences and dispositions vary and significantly influence their engagement with course and workplace affordances. It is proposed that better integration of course and workplace learning through guided participation in an intentional workplace curriculum and attention to the ways trainees choose to engage with this, together with the use of practical theorising has the potential to improve trainee learning.     

Information Technology in English in Initial Teacher Training: a survey of practice

In 1991, the United Kingdom National Council for Educational Technology commissioned a short project to investigate some current models of developing good practice in initial teacher education with special reference to language and English. The resulting booklet, ‘Information Technology in English in Initial Teacher Training: a survey of practice’ (NCET, 1992) will be reviewed in a later issue of this journal Here Andy Goodwyn, the Project's coordinator, reports on the work.     

Pastoral Care in Initial Teacher Education: A Survey of Secondary Teacher Education Institutions

The study reported in this paper was undertaken to discover the extent of pastoral care training carried out during secondary initial teacher education. Questionnaires were sent to heads of initial teacher education institutions in England and Wales. It was found that institutions were likely to provide some form of training in pastoral care but the extent and method of training varied greatly between institutions. However, training in actual practical skills such as basic counselling skills was much less likely to be available. The authors conclude that there is still some considerable way to go before newly qualified teachers are likely to feel adequately prepared for their pastoral roles.     

Philosophy and Teacher Education in England: The Long View

Until recently teacher education in England has always contained a ‘philosophical’ element – to do with what education is for in the light of human nature. The paper traces its history since 1839, through inspirational approaches – based first on religion and later on psychology – to the critical approach of R S Peters and his colleagues in the 1960s. It then looks at the existential crisis faced by this kind of philosophy of education after changes in education policy in the 1980s; and at ways it has found of overcoming it – at the expense, however, of partially turning away from its earlier raison d’être in teacher education. The paper concludes with a discussion of what would be needed for it to resume its old role.     

Developing a Mentoring Scheme in Primary Initial Teacher Education

Researchers have shown the benefits of mentoring in both personal and professional growth. It would seem that group mentoring would only enhance those benefits. This work represents a literature review of peer-reviewed articles and dissertations that contribute to the theory and research of group mentoring. This work reviews the articles that contributed to the development of group mentoring theory as well as relevant research. Four primary types of group mentoring emerge—peer group, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Despite over 20 years of research, significant gaps remain in the research methods, demographic focus, and fields of study. The review concludes with recommendations for future research.     

实践取向:职前教师教育模式的重构

实践取向的教师知识观强调教师实践性知识在课堂教学中的重要作用,在教师教育观上主张在实践场景下,创设学习共同体,帮助未来教师形成和发展实践性知识。本研究基于实践性知识的性质、内容、来源及获得途径,以小学教师职前教育为例,重建职前教师教育模式——"理论-实践交融"模式。这一模式的特点是:理论与实践相互渗透、交融。在理论-实践共同体中,未来教师的理论学习与"主题见习"结合,真实情景下的学习而理论总是"在场"。