LEARNING RESOURCES

The last fifteen years have witnessed a rising wave of interest in the elderly population, and more recently, the rural elderly. Now that the initial wave has crested, a large store of information and experience in the field of gerontology exists. It is the task of higher education to take the lead in cataloging knowledge and plotting new strategies in both research and service. Moreover, the rural church must be recognized as an important structure available for cooperation with higher education in service to the rural elderly. In support of this point, the paper reviews the literature regarding 1) religion and the elderly and 2) the church and social services for the elderly. Higher education, through the rural churches, can help bring positive change through the provision of continuing education services to both the elderly and clergymen, through research, and through community development programs.     

LEARNING RESOURCES

An extensive body of research exists that examines the effects of interventions aimed at maintaining or improving memory function among older adults. Slowing the pace of learning, encouragement to organize learning materials, training in the use of imagery, loci mnemonics, and face‐name mnemonics, as well as supportive environments and information about normal age‐related memory changes, have resulted in improved memory performance. This paper reviews the findings of memory intervention research and explicates the ways in which findings of laboratory research can be incorporated into educational activities among older adults.     

LEARNING RESOURCES

This article describes the development of a partnership made up of a university‐based gerontology center, a state department on aging, and agencies serving older people to examine differences between urban and rural areas in the provision of services to an elderly clientele. Five steps of the collaborative process are described: (1) building a collaborative relationship, (2) development of a research proposal, (3) discussion of the results, (4) principles and conclusions, and (5) the payoff.

The first two steps describe the context in which the substantive issues were addressed and the formal development of a proposal and work plan for the conduct of the research. The principles emphasize the usefulness of task allocation based on existing resources, skills, and interests; recognition of the costs of participation by rural agencies; and schedules that accommodate the extra time necessary to revise, review, and reach consensus on issues of concern. The payoff describes actions taken by the aging network following acceptance of the final report, and research activity generated by the findings.

The step‐by‐step process described is a potential model for partnerships encompassing university resources and agencies serving the elderly.     

RESOURCES IN REVIEW

Abstract

Down to Earth: Applying Business Principles to Environmental Management, by Forest L. Reinhardt. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. 2000. Clothbound. 291 pages. $29.95. ISBN 1–57851–192–5.

Eco-Efficiency: The Business Link to Sustainable Development, by Livio D. DeSimone and Frank Popoff. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2000. Paperback. 306 pages. $17.95. ISBN 0–262–54109–2.

Managing the Environment, Managing Ourselves: A History of American Environmental Policy, by Richard N. L. Andrews. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1999. Paperback. 463 pages. $30.00. ISBN 0–300–07795–5.

Acting Locally: Concepts and Models for Service-learning in Environmental Studies, edited by Harold Ward. Washington, DC: American Association for Higher Education. 1999. Paperback. 214 pages. $28.50, or $24.50 for ACHE members. ISBN 1–56377–013–X.

Drowning the Dream: California's Water Choices at the Millennium, by David Carle. Westport, CT: Praeger Press. 2000. Hardback. 235 pages. $45.00. ISBN 0–275–96719–0.

Communication Skills for Conservation Professionals, by Susan K. Jacobson. Washington, DC: Island Press. 1999. Paperback. 356 pages. $27.50. ISBN 1–55963–509–6.

Environmental Connections: A Teacher's Guide to Environmental Studies, by Kathleen B. deBettencourt, Matthew Feeney, A. Nicole Barone, and Keith White, for the Environmental Literacy Council. Dubuque, IA: Kendall-Hunt. 2000. Paperback. 196 pages, plus index. $21.95. ISBN 0–7872–7105–5.

Evaluating Environmental Education, by Karel Stokking, Lisette van Aert, Wiem Meijberg, and Anneke Kaskens. 1999. IUCN Commission on Education and Communication. Available from IUCN Publication Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL United Kingdom. ISBN 2–8317–0499–5.

Facts, Not Fear: Teaching Children About the Environment (Rev. ed.), by Michael Sanera and Jane S. Shaw. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 1999. Paperback. $12.95. ISBN 0–89526–293–2.     

论有限弹性变形

讨论完全弹性体的有限弹性变形问题．根据变形可恢复性，采用两种参考系度量应力分量，导出恒等式式中（δｉｋ＋ｕｉ，ｋ）Ｓｋｙ＝σｉｙ为有限变形梯度张量，Ｓｉｙ为Ａ参考系中的Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ应力张量，σｉｙ为Ｂ参考系中的Ｅｕｌｅｒ应力张量．上式即为有限弹性变形的本构方程．有限弹性变形的解法为首先在Ｂ参考系中采用经典线性理论解出σｉｙ，而后代入上式，ｕｉ与Ｓｉｙ可解．     

关于有界变差函数的复合函数仍为有界变差函数的条件

本文给出有界变差函数的复合函数仍为有界变差函数的一些条件。     

RESEARCH AND LEARNING INFORMATION RESOURCES

A pilot study of 50 sections of basic writing offered at LaGuardia Community College suggests that no matter how class hours are distributed through the week, students' chances of passing will not be affected. A significantly higher percentage of A and B grades received by students in classes meeting twice a week may be explained rather by noting that these were evening classes than by ascribing any special qualities to that particular scheduling pattern.     

泊松方程的优化有限差分方法

本文基于Kreiss所建立的紧致差分公式,提出一种既简单又新颖的离散二维泊松方程的优化有限差分方法。首先将二维泊松方程转化成一维问题,再利用紧致差分直接离散一维方程,以此为基础,最终建立起九结点矩形网格下的求解二维泊松方程的优化差分格式。     

草地资源价值新论

理论经济学至今否认包括草地资源在内的土地资源有价值。资源日趋稀缺的今天，草地资源不仅有价格，而且有价值。很少投入劳动或没有投入劳动的草地资源的价值，是由再生产等量面积的人工、半人工草地所投入的社会必要劳动时间决定的。占用、征用草地时，应以此作为标准予以补偿，保证草地资源所有权的最终实现。