Contingent Instructors and Student Outcomes: An Artifact or a Fact?

This study addresses methodological problems surrounding existing research on exposure to contingent instructors and student outcomes. By applying non-aggregated and aggregated measures of exposure to contingent instructors to the same data, this analysis demonstrates that effects of commonly used measures of exposure to contingent instructors have little to do with actual contingent instructor effects on student outcomes. Two multi-level approaches—cross-classified and multiple membership models—are applied in the single-institution analysis of faculty status effect on student outcomes—grades and first year retention. The analysis showed no variability in student retention and a significant variability in grades by faculty characteristics. Compared to their tenured and tenure-track peers, contingent instructors are more likely to assign higher grades, which may lead to lowered levels of academic challenge and student motivation to do their best work.     

An Assessment of Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Extension Services Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM): The Case of Oyo State,Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for extension services. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to assess the amount which farmers are willing to pay. Primary data on the demographic, socio-economic variables of farmers and their WTP were collected from 228 farmers selected randomly in a stage-wise sampling procedure from the Oyo State, Nigeria. The data were summarized using frequency distribution while CVM, commonly used by natural resource economists to assess the willingness of the public to part-fund proposed projects, was used to determine the amount which farmers are willing to pay. Results of the analysis showed that the majority of farmers described themselves as having the ability to pay for services and are willing to pay if their income from farming would increase and the programmes be made relevant to them. They also want to pay through cooperative societies. The CVM result showed that the Lower Bound Mean (LBM) of amount which farmers are willing to pay for extension is N391.47 per farmer per year. The study concluded that there is a challenge to extension specialists to make programmes participatory and farmers relevant if farmers are to be charged with the responsibility of participating in financing agricultural extension services.     

Information for Authors

Ａｉｍ :ＴｈｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ(Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ)ｉｓｅｄｉｔｅｄｂｙａｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｂｏａｒｄｏｆｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄＣｈｉｎｅｓｅａｎｄｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ,ａｎｄｉｓａｉｍｅｄｔｏｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔｄｅｖｅｌ ｏｐｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓｔｏｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｃｉｒｃｌｅｓ,ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｔｏｓｔ…     

Information for Authors

The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition is a peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles in     

Practice for OM

Only Me: Nice to meet you again, dear boys and girls. Did you miss me and our OM game? Yeah! Really? Thanks all the same. Today Only Me will also give you some practice about your mind. Are you ready? OK, just do it!     

Flowers for Others

Mrs Li's garden is very beautiful in summer. All the flowers are in full bloom and smile facing the street. People feel comfortable when they see them. But when Mrs Li looks out of her window from inside, she can see just the     

Information for Authors

Scope and Policy The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition is a peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles in multiple disciplines of science and     

Information for Authors

~~Information for Authors     

Information for Authors

Journal of Shanghai University(JSU) is published bi monthly, which provides a forumfor exchange of research findings and academicviews in basic and applied sciences and technological disciplines including Applied Mathematics and Mechanics ,Physics ,Inform…     

Information for Authors

The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition is a peer-reviewed journal publishing research articles in science, technology, and their application, covering mechanical dynamics, architecture and civil engineering, radio-     

Information for Authors

Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University SCIENCE (A & B) are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists, and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world's scientific circles, especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists everywhere.ScopeJZUS-A focuses on Applied Physics & Engineering;JZUS-B focuses on Biomedicine, Biochemis…     

Information for Authors

Aim The Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE is edited by an international board ofdistinguished Chinese and foreign scientists, and is aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world's scientific circles, especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese scientists and between them and their foreign counterparts everywhere.     

Information for Authors

Journal of Shanghai University(JSU)is published bi- monthly,providing a forum for exchange of research findings in sci- ences and technological disciplines including Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,Physics,Information Technology,Mechatronics Engineering,Materials Science and Engineering,Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Biology and Life Science.Contribu- tions from members of Shanghai University as well as researchers of other institutions are sincerely welcome.