德斯蒙德·基更远程教育思想研究

德斯蒙德·基更(Desmond Keegan)博士是当代国际知名的远程教育专家,为世界远程教育事业的改革和发展、远程教育学科理论基础的构建和完善作出了卓越的贡献.基更博士的远程教育思想主要包括远程教育的定义、教学行为的重新整合理论、远程教育的分类和移动学习理论,同时基更博士还对中国远程教育进行了深入的研究.     

远程教育机构中在线教师角色研究

远程教育机构缺乏适当的支持服务体系。自主学习容易降解成孤立,这就需要在线教师按照不同的角色原则,充分发挥其教学、管理、社会、技术等角色的作用。     

未来的学习：开放、灵活和分布式学习——访国际远程教育知名专家巴德鲁尔·卡恩博士

巴德鲁尔·卡恩博士(BadrulH．Khan)系美国乔治华盛顿大学(George Washington University)教育技术领导专业的副教授，该校教育技术领导研究生专业的首任主任。Khan博士曾任得克萨斯大学教育专业的副教授和教育技术研究生专业的主任，印第安那大学医学院的教学开发人员和测评专家。他在开放、灵活和分布式学习领域发表了大量具有国际影响的著作，包括《基于网络的教学》(Web-Based Instruction，1997)、《基于网络的培训》(Web-Based Training，2001)、《电子学习策略》(E．Learning Strategies，2004)、《管理电子学习》(ManagingE-Learning，2005)，以及即将出版的《信息社会中的灵活性学习》(Flexible Learninginan Information Society)等，而且一些专著已被翻译成多种语言在非英语母语国家出版。此外，Khan博士还是美国《教育技术》的特约编委，加拿大《国际开放与远程学习研究评论》的顾问编委，以及阿拉伯联合酋长国《电子学习文摘》、巴西《远程教育评论》、印度《人力资源管理的媒体与技术》、意大利《电子学习与知识社会杂志》、英国《国际学习技术杂志》、印度《印度培训和发展杂志》等杂志的顾问委员会成员。     

服务e时代教育——《远程教育杂志》

《远程教育杂志》是浙江省教育厅主管、浙江广播电视大学主办的远程教育专业期刊，以“促进现代远程教育理念与技术的发展和应用”为办刊理念，面向远程教育决策者、研究者、实践者和学习者，服务远程教育理论探索和实践发展。开设的主要栏目有：理论前沿、海外之窗、学习新论、研究方法、教学探索、技术应用、实践与管理、中小学在线、学者随笔、网络文化等栏目。     

远程教育具有较优的成本-效益吗？——访远程教育经济学知名学者托马斯·赫尔斯曼博士

一直以来,远程教育被认为是具有较优的成本-效益,并为广大的发展中国家用于扩大其国民接受教育机会的手段。但是,随着信息技术的发展以及教育需求的变化,在线学习等学习形式的涌现,远程教育的这种优势是否发生了变化, 它还具备原来所拥有的成本-效益优势吗?带着这些问题,本刊记者特别专访了德国籍国际远程教育领域知名学者托马斯·赫尔斯曼博士。托马斯·赫尔斯曼(Thomas Hulsmann)主要从事远程教育经济学研究,重点是开放与远程学习的成本-效益研究。早期,赫尔斯曼作为德国技术联合会的工作人员,在非洲的一些国家从事数学教学工作长达十多年,并于1994年在马达加斯加开发数学教材时转入远程教育领域。目前,他就职于德国奥登堡大学远程教育中心。赫尔斯曼多年来综合前人的研究成果,开创了自成体系的远程教育的成本-效益研究和实证研究方法,对欧洲多个国家的远程教育机构做了实证分析,取得了目前为止对远程教育成本-效益分析最出色的实证分析成果。     

远程教育混合课程探析

近年来混合课程在远程教育中备受关注。它对于促进远程学习者自主学习和提高教学质量具有重要作用。远程教育混合课程开发的关键在于如何有效整合面对面教学与在线学习。本文阐释了混合课程的内涵、优势及面临挑战,研究了远程教育混合课程开发的过程、原则及对策,以期对我国远程教育混合课程建设有所启迪。     

技术促进下的课程设计与学习评价——访国际远程教育知名学者罗宾·梅森教授

e-Learning的繁荣发展推动了新技术在远程教育课程设计与开发中的应用,促进了远程教育课程设计与开发从理念到方法上的变革。作为资深的课程设计专家,同时也是在线教学与学习的专家,罗宾.梅森(Robin Mason)教授在本次访谈中结合英国开放大学课程设计的经验和她的研究,在e-Learning和Web2.0背景下介绍了"以学生为中心"的教育理念指导下课程设计与学习评价的最新方法和技术。梅森教授是早期探讨远程教育领域计算机会议技术的先驱之一,是享有国际威望的英国开放大学"在线与远程教育"专业课程的主管,多年从事的在线课程设计、辅导和评价工作使其成为国际上课程设计领域和在线教学的知名专家,相关的研究论文和学术专著成果颇丰。近期,她所提出的基于学习对象的远程教育课程设计方法受到业界的普遍关注,在学习评价和电子学习档案袋、e-Learning的基本概念和理论等方面也都有独到建树。     

特里·安德森远程教育理论与实践研究

特里·安德森教授是加拿大国家远程教育研究会(Canada　Research　Chair　in　Distance　Education)主席,国际新一代远程教育研究者的杰出代表。他在远程教育和教育技术领域涉猎广泛、成果颇丰。本文对他提出的远程教育教学中的6种教学交互理论、在线学习模型、探究社区和等效交互原理等关于远程教育的理论建树进行了剖析,介绍了他参与和主持的远程教育重要项目以及他培养远程教育硕士的方法。最后,对他的理论和实践作了综合评价并提出了其对中国远程教育发展的几点启示。     

在远程教育教学模式下提高学生在线学习能力

合理创建和运用远程教育教学模式是提高学生在线学习能力的基础。从远程教育及学生在线学习的现状入手,探讨了远程教育教学模式的特点、创建和运用原则,并在教学中进行有效的实践探索。     

基更远程教育思想溯源

基更博士不断归纳和总结世界远程教育的研究成果,为远程教育理论体系的建立做出了卓越的贡献.其中,对基更博士远程教育思想影响较大的有魏德迈和穆尔的独立学习理论、彼得斯的工业化理论,以及霍姆勃格的有指导的教学会谈理论.     

Simulations: Using experiential learning to add relevancy and meaning to introductory courses

Over the past two years the authors have provided experiential learning in the form of a simulation exercise to help 240 college students relate personally to the foundations of education. Introductory courses, with a preponderance of facts and breadth of content, can easily overwhelm students. The simulation not only energized the students but also personalized an in-depth understanding of educational issues. This theoretical knowledge was applied practically, a link which may often be missing in many introductory courses.Kathleen K. Montgomery holds a D. Ed. from The Pennsylvania State University. She is Assistant Professor of Education at Elmira College, where she teaches Introduction to Education, Instructional Strategies, and Curriculum and Instruction for Elementary Education. Professor Montgomery's research interests include the design of experiential learning and assessment methods used to evaluate such learning. She is currently working on a book about authentic assessment methods useful for elementary teachers. Susan C. Brown holds an Ed.D. from the University of Central Florida. She is the Assistant Director/Assistant Professor of Education at Elmira College, where she teaches Introduction to Education, Instructional Strategies, and Multicultural Education. Professor Brown has recently published articles on multicultural education for perservice teachers in theJournal of Curriculum and Supervision andCurriculum, a British Journal of educators. She is on the Editorial Board of the Educational Forum. Cathleen M. Deery holds the M.S. degree for Syracuse University. She is lecturer at Elmira College, where she teaches Introduction to Education, Educational Psychology, and Inclusionary Education. Professor Deery has designed numerous experiential learning components for her classes, and she is currently working on a book with Kathleen Montgomery about authentic assessment methods.     

The value and feasibility of evaluation research on teacher development: contrasting experiences in Sri Lanka and Mexico

This article discusses the value and feasibility of carrying out evaluation research on teacher development and uses as points of reference the author's experiences in two countries, Sri Lanka and Mexico. In Sri Lanka, an evaluation study was designed to understand the effectiveness and costs of teacher development at the elementary level linking teacher preparation with classroom practice and student achievement. The study also evaluated costs and analyzed the possible impact of the results for future policy. The study in Mexico illustrates the challenges of doing evaluation research in an environment dominated by a central state and teacher union politics, and where systemic empirical research on teacher development has been rare. It constituted an initial attempt at looking at the content and the anticipated effects across different approaches to teacher development in Mexico. New calls for greater accountability and better understanding of the reach and limitations of general education worldwide are prompting systems to examine teacher development program effectiveness. In this analytical article, the author discusses strategies and possibilities in the emerging field of teacher development program evaluation.     

The effectiveness of teaching science subjects through English medium: A narrative analysis of teacher experiences and perceptions in Sri Lankan secondary schools

This article analyses four narratives told by four teachers teaching science subjects in four different public secondary schools in the district of Gampaha in Sri Lanka. Gampaha is the second most populous district in Sri Lanka, and is known for excellent results in General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) exams which school leavers sit at the end of the secondary school cycle. The teachers’ narratives focus on the policy and practice of teaching science subjects through English at secondary level, which was reintroduced in a small number of selected government schools in Sri Lanka in 2002. After using the two local languages, Sinhala and Tamil, for nearly half a century, the Sri Lankan education authorities decided to bring back the English medium to the teaching of science subjects at secondary level as a third language option. One of the policymakers’ reasons was an apparent decline in the English-language fluency of students at this level. To implement the new policy, science teachers (who had themselves been taught in Sinhala or Tamil) were asked to teach in English. More than a decade into the English-medium option, the author interviewed four of them. Their testimonies about their experiences in teaching science subjects offer valuable insights into the difficulties experienced by both teachers and students when teaching and learning in a foreign language such as English. The author’s analysis of his respondents’ statements reveals hidden realities which challenge the benefits of reintroducing English as a medium of instruction (MOI) for science subjects. Thus, the lived experiences of the teachers may help to inform language policy in education in Sri Lanka, and perhaps also in other countries.     

Special Education in Sri Lanka

Developments in Sri Lanka are traced by Professor Walter Mathews of Mississippi University, USA, Tudor O. Dewendre, head, management services division, Ministry of Public Administration, and K. Piyasena, officer-in-charge of special education, Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka     

An Empirical Study of College of Education Faculty’s Perceptions, Beliefs, and Commitment to the Teaching of Diversity in Teacher Education Programs at Four Urban Universities

This study used empirical data to investigate College of Education faculty’s perceptions, beliefs, and commitment to diversity. A 44-item survey composed of Likert scale-type questions about characteristics, experiences, perspectives, and personal commitments to addressing diversity issues together with demographic questions, was administered to 116 COE faculty from four urban universities. A MANOVA where the independent variables were the demographic data and the dependent variables were five subscales (importance of diversity, training for pre-service teachers, college support, teaching diversity in courses, and issues of racial sensitivity) identified four statistically significant factors in faculty’s beliefs regarding the importance of diversity. The study found no support for a relationship between the faculty’s beliefs about the importance of teaching diversity and their teaching practices.Lynn A. Smolen is a Professor in the Department of Curricular and Instructional Studies, The University of Akron and has received her Ph.D. from the University of Florida. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in reading, ESL methods, and diversity issues. Her areas of interest in research are diversity issues, multicultural literature, and the reading development of culturally and linguistically diverse students. Susan Colville-Hall, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Curricular and Instructional Studies, The University of Akron and has received her Ph.D. from the Ohio State University. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on Diversity/Multicultural Education, Instructional and Management Practices and Techniques for Teaching Foreign Languages. Her research areas are foreign language acquisition, teacher education, and diversity issues. She is also involved in international education. Xin Liang is an Assistant professor in the Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership, The University of Akron and has received her Ph.D. from the University of North Dakota. She teaches research methods, statistics, classroom assessment and program evaluation. Her research interests are school effectiveness, research methods and evaluation. Suzanne Mac Donald is an Associate Professor in the Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership, The University of Akron and has received her Ed.D. from the University of Hawaii. Suzanne Mac Donald’s specialty is Social Foundations of Education with emphasis in Educational Anthropology. She teaches social foundations, diversity issues, and qualitative research. Her research interests currently focus on teacher education and its role in addressing urban and cultural/multicultural issues in schooling, and in the context of international knowledge dissemination of pedagogy.     

斯里兰卡社会福利制度初探

斯里兰卡独立以后 ,开始在全国实行大规模的社会福利制度 ,政府向全体国民提供食品、教育、医疗三大福利。社会福利耗费了国家大量的资金 ,使国家经济增长乏力。 1977年以后 ,斯里兰卡政府开始对社会福利制度进行改革 ,在一定程度上促进了经济发展     

Flexible Learning Environments: Leveraging the Affordances of Flexible Delivery and Flexible Learning

The purpose of this article is to explore the key features of flexible learning environments (FLEs). Key principles associated with FLEs are explained. Underlying tenets and support mechanisms necessary for the implementation of FLEs are described. Similarities and differences in traditional learning and FLEs are explored. Finally, strategies and techniques for becoming a successful learner and facilitator in FLEs are presented.Initial ideas for this paper were generated after viewing a presentation created by Marie Jasinski, MindMedia, Douglas Mawson Institute, Adelaide, Australia ().Janette Hill is an Associate Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology and Instructional Technology at The University of Georgia, Athens. She received her Ph.D. from The Florida State University in Instructional Systems. Dr. Hill's research focuses on online learning with adults, specifically exploring issues related to building community and connections with others in virtual environments. Dr. Hill can be reached at janette@uga.edu.     

Analyzing the curricula of doctor of philosophy in educational technology-related programs in the United States

The purpose of this study was to analyze on-campus and online PhD programs in educational technology-related fields in the United States. In particular, it sought to evaluate the most common program titles; core, elective, and research courses based on program curricula. The research design was quantitative content analysis and data were collected from six different sources. The study found 44 institutions offered campus-based degree programs and four offered online degree programs in educational technology-related fields with 27 different program titles. In addition, 324 core courses, 157 elective courses, and 260 research courses were further analyzed. The results revealed that the most common program titles were Curriculum and Instruction, Learning Design and Technology, Instructional Technology, Learning Technologies, Instructional Design and Technology, and Educational Technology. The most common core courses were Instructional Design, Advanced Instructional Design, Curriculum Theory, Needs Assessment, Internship in Instructional Technology, Instructional Systems Design, and Theories of Learning and Instruction. The most common elective courses were Multicultural Education, Foundations of Distance Learning, Educational Foundations, and Message Design. The most common research courses were Quantitative Methods, Qualitative Methods, Qualitative Research, Educational Research Methods, Multivariate Analysis, Introduction to Qualitative Research in Education, and Mixed Methods. Furthermore, this study provided discussion and implications for current study as well as recommendations for future research.     

Nurturing faculty vitality by matching institutional interventions with career-stage needs

A questionnaire study, modeled after Baldwin's 1979 research on faculty at a liberal arts college, was conducted with 42 Lilly Teaching Fellows and Lilly Mentors at a large, public, research-oriented university in the Southeast U.S.A. Results from the study support the notion that one of the keys to a successful instructional and faculty development program is to target activities to the academic career stage of the faculty member.Patricia Kalivoda works in the Office of Instructional Development at The University of Georgia. She holds an MBA and an Ed.D. from The University of Georgia. Her research focuses on faculty career development and faculty vitality. Geraldine Rogers Sorrell is Special Populations Coordinator at Middle Georgia Technical Institute. She holds an M.Ed.and an Ed.D. from The University of Georgia. She specializes in faculty and staff development, and career counseling. Ronald D. Simpson is Director of the Office of Instructional Development at The University of Georgia, where he also is professor of Higher Education and Science Education. He holds degrees from The University of Tennessee and The University of Georgia.     

Exploring the lives of non‐native speaking English educators in Sri Lanka

This paper uses in‐depth interview data to explore aspects of the lives of non‐native speaking English educators working in the state education system in Sri Lanka. In so doing the research focus is on the educators themselves and the paper will discuss such issues as: careers as English teachers—motives for entering teaching, career progression, becoming a teacher educator; professional self‐development; beliefs about teaching, learning and teacher education; and the wider socio‐educational context of English teaching in Sri Lanka. It is hoped that the paper will offer insights into the development of non‐native speaking TESOL teachers—by making more visible features of practice in particular contexts—as well as providing ‘snapshots’ of teaching and learning in state systems beyond the western world which may inform thinking more broadly about international English language teaching and learning.