传统的桎梏与传统的悲剧色彩——解读莫里森笔下的黑人女性传统

非洲裔美国人一直受到种族主义的困扰,而作为黑人女性更是受到种族和男权的双重压迫。着重关注莫里森笔下在双重重压下的黑人女性受到的传统的桎梏以及恪守传统观念带来的悲剧色彩,为黑人女性的生存发出质问。     

三重意识的张力之源：理查德·赖特笔下的种族关系

理查德.赖特在文学作品里以自己独特的视角和笔调揭露了美国20世纪三四十年代紧张的种族关系,认为种族隔离和种族界限是以人为的方式把处于共生关系的黑人和白人进行了活生生的社会切割,导致这两大种族之间的误解和仇恨。白人在教育、司法等方面对黑人实施双重标准,引起黑人对白人的更加反感和不信任。种族隔离和种族界限是黑人与白人相互仇视的根源,白人对黑人的仇恨和种族压迫引起部分黑人率先形成自己的第三种意识,激化了他们三重意识中的张力,从而促使更多的黑人加入到追求种族平等和社会公正的斗争中去。     

自由下的奴役生活--美国内战后南方的黑人妇女生活研究(1863-1920)

美国南方黑人妇女在内战后开始的是一种自由下的奴役生活.在职业方面,她们中的大多数只能从事家庭服务工作,低等而且低薪;在社会地位上,她们受到性别和种族的双重歧视.随着20世纪初黑人社区的完善、职业结构的变化和黑人的自我觉醒,南方黑人妇女联合起来,为争取种族和性别的双重平等而斗争.     

浅谈《紫色》中的母职主题

艾丽丝·沃克是美国文坛上颇有影响的黑人女作家,她小说的内容往往和社会背景密切相关.通过其代表作<紫色>这部作品我们可以看到美国主流社会对黑人母亲的限制以及黑人女性所遭受种族与性别的双重歧视.沃克指出母职不是黑人女性受压迫的根源,种族和性别歧视才是罪恶的根源.     

英国电影中的黑人身份研究

英国电影中的黑人身份主要包括四种类型;第一,因为宗主国或本国放逐而在生理和心理上双重无家可归的被放逐者.第二,因为殖民主义及其后遗症而散居各地的黑人流散群体.第三,因为殖民与后殖民行为促使黑、白群体相互“混杂”而使双方都失去民族纯洁性的黑人混杂体.第四,因为跨种族婚姻促使后代在基因方面“混血”,而在文化、历史、价值观等方面混杂的黑人混血儿,即所谓的“基因和文化混杂体”.     

"最蓝的眼睛":双重歧视悲剧

美国黑人女作家托尼·莫里森的第一部小说《最蓝的眼睛》在声讨种族主义、探讨黑人出路的问题上采取了不同于以往多数黑人作家传统的做法,标志着黑人文学逐步走向成熟和理性.小说主人公的悲剧揭示了白人种族文化观对黑人的残害,而黑人对自身的不幸也有不可推卸的责任,黑人的自我歧视埋下了更加痛苦的种子.所以,黑人自我态度的改变成了他们实现真正自我的关键.     

哈莱姆的荣耀——“哈莱姆文艺复兴”中的左拉·尼尔·赫斯顿

第一次世界大战给美国整体的思想文化带来了极大的冲击,也引起了“新黑人”思潮的发端.以哈莱姆为中心发展起来的黑人文艺运动,常常被称作“哈莱姆文艺复兴”或“新黑人运动”.新黑人们拥有鲜明的种族意识,对自己的黑人身份感到自豪.左拉·尼尔·赫斯顿就是哈莱姆文艺复兴时期升起的一颗明星.赫斯顿在创作中突破了当时美国社会中种族、阶级、性别等多重障碍,塑造了积极的黑人女性新形象,开创了黑人女性文学的先河.一些后起的黑人女性作家,如爱丽斯·沃克就把赫斯顿视为自己的“女性祖先”.赫斯顿对黑人作家创作立场的认识,对黑人女性自我的积极肯定,对南方文化艺术特征的真正传承,直到今天仍然具有非常重要的现实意义.     

看不见的人看得见的焦虑

作为20世纪描述美国黑人创伤小说之一的《看不见的人》,通过主人公看不见的人对其社会身份、自我身份和未来追求的焦虑,勾画了黑人探索个人命运和种族命运的众生像,展现了黑人长期被迫面对的种族歧视和文化身份危机,记载了黑人文化身份意识逐步走向自觉的历程.焦虑来源于对自己在世界中所处地位的担忧,因此在以白人价值观为主导的美国社会中,对自我身份、社会身份以及种族意识焦虑的探讨不仅对于黑人群体,对其它少数族裔群体的权利诉求也具有深远而现实的意义.     

乔安娜*伯顿的反种族主义

乔安娜·伯顿是福克纳的长篇杰作<八月之光>中一位主要人物.她把自己的一生都用来帮助、提升黑人,最后却被拒绝提升的"黑鬼"情人--小说主人公乔*克里斯玛斯杀害.解读乔安娜的种族观念有助于读者深刻理解文本主题,认识种族主义的强势与罪恶,对唤起包括美国白人在内的全社会的觉醒,改善黑人的生存状态,提高黑人的社会地位,消除种族主义并最终达到种族平等都有着不可估量的作用.     

黑人文化的自我审视与自我批判——评托尼·莫里森的《最蓝的眼睛》

美国黑人女作家托尼·莫里森的<最蓝的眼睛>是一部思想意义极其深刻的作品.作者从一个黑人女性的角度出发,探讨和批判了黑人价值观念的失落和种族身份的迷失,揭露了黑人社会和家庭存在的种种问题,并对黑人未来的命运走向做出积极的思考.笔者认为托尼·莫里森与黑人男作家不同的是在她的这部作品中很少见到激愤抗议之声,取而代之的是对黑人文化客观而冷静的自我批判和自我审视.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.