基于全寿命管理的装备资源节约战略研究

随着我军装备现代化建设的不断发展,装备资源供需矛盾日渐突出。如何走出一条投入较少、效益较高的节约型装备建设的路子显得尤为重要,是我军装备现代化建设的一项重大战略任务。本文首先界定了装备资源的范畴,并指出全寿命管理与装备资源节约相辅相成,在此基础上论文结合装备工作实际,运用全寿命管理的思想,研究分析了基于全寿命管理的装备资源节约的基本内涵,包括基本概念和内在要求,最后提出了基于全寿命管理的装备资源节约的战略举措,指出必须在科研采购上抓好装备资源的"优生",在使用保障上抓好装备资源的"优育",在退役报废上抓好装备资源的"再生",以期为部队深入持久地开展装备资源节约工作提供有力的理论指导。     

基于资源节约模式下的绿色酒店创建

在建设资源节约型和环境友好型的"两型社会"背景下,酒店业作为人口集中、资源消耗大的场所,应倡导节约、低碳、绿色消费理念,积极创建绿色酒店。从资源节约视角探讨酒店如何实现绿色发展。     

装备资源节约技术推广应用机制研究

实现装备资源节约是装备建设可持续发展的客观要求,具有极高的军事效益和经济效益,装备资源节约工作要想落到实处,必须依赖技术创新及其推广应用。装备资源节约技术推广应用机制,是指在装备资源节约技术推广应用工作中,通过将机构、制度与技术推广应用基本规律、人员、环境等有效结合起来,形成的符合推广应用工作基本规律的有机整体。当前,我军在装备资源节约技术应用上主要存在以下四个方面的不足,一是推广应用意识不强;二是技术信息共享不足;三是技术应用尚未形成体系;四是技术研发和引进投入不足。基于此,本文重点阐述了构建装备资源节约技术推广应用机制的指导思想、基本原则和步骤,最后指出构建组织机制、激励机制、竞争机制和评估机制的具体方法,以期为部队构建装备资源节约技术推广应用提供参考,从而推动装备资源节约工作科学发展。     

中新天津生态城科学发展理论探索

中新天津生态城作为中国和新加坡两国政府战略性合作项目,承担着创建未来城市在经济发展、资源节约、环境保护等方面和谐可持续发展典范的重任。从发展理念、管理机制、政策制度、指标体系建设、技术项目集成、产业规划、资源节约与循环应用、绿色建筑发展等方面,对中新天津生态城在可持续发展实践中的创新探索进行总结,提出加快中新天津生态城发展的对策建议。     

光伏发电接入变电站站用电的设计方案研究与分析

近年来,随着国家节能减排可持续发展战略的深入开展,绿色、节能、环保的建设理念已融入到电网工程建设中,通过优化设计方案及设备材料选型、积极应用节能降耗新技术等措施,实现资源节约和环境友好。绿色环保,利用可再生资源,节约传统能源是保证电网建设长远发展的基础。通过论述光伏发电技术的概述和发展前景,制订了一套适合光伏发电接入变电站站用电系统的设计方案,希望可以促进作为绿色能源的光伏发电技术在变电站建设工程中的应用。     

“两型社会”背景下绿色税制改革初探——区域物流发展与政府治理转型

建设资源节约型、环境友好型的"两型社会",是我国转变经济增长方式,实现社会经济可持续发展的重要举措。而税收作为经济发展的"稳定器",在两型社会背景下应当及时进行相应的调整和改革,以便发挥更大的职能与作用。因此,如何针对"两型社会"建设的税制因素进行分析,积极探索和构建有利于环境保护和资源节约的"绿色税制",促进我国资源、环境、经济的协调与可持续发展将是"两型"社会建设中需要解决的重大课题。     

军队装备资源节约的理论分析与路径设计

目前,军队装备资源节约工作刚刚起步,对装备资源节约相关概念、内涵外延的认识还不清晰,还缺乏贯穿装备全系统全寿命的理论和方法指导实践。为此,本文首先界定了装备资源是军事装备系统内资源分类与分布的系统体系,指与装备全系统全寿命周期过程密切相关的物质和非物质资源的统称,具有军事性、战略性、集成性和复杂性等特点;装备资源节约是指以提高装备资源利用效率为目标,在装备建设中所开展的一系列节约资源的管理与技术活动,并进行了装备资源节约需求性分析,明确指出装备资源节约是军队资源节约的重要组成,是装备现代化建设的必然要求和战略方针。在此基础上,本文研究分析了美军装备资源节约的背景及相关措施,最后提出了我军装备资源节约工作必须要统一规划、分布实施,研用结合、注重转化,示范先行、渐进发展,军民融合、军地一体的具体路径,以期为我军装备资源节约理论研究以及实践提供参考。     

绿色理念在机械设计制造中的应用

随着可持续发展战略的提出,发展绿色经济已成为我国当代社会发展的主要内容,而绿色理念作为可持续发展战略的重要体现,全面落实绿色理念有着重大意义。机械设计制造行业作为我国现代社会发展的一个重要行业,在机械设计制造应用绿色理念可以更好地推动机械设计制造行业的可持续发展,带动社会经济的增长。本文就绿色理念在机械设计制造中的应用进行了相关的分析。     

江西省“新型城镇化”进程中节约型体育资源可持续发展研究

本课题重在研究江西省"新型城镇化"进程中节约型体育资源可持续发展策略的实施。为了更好地研究如何开发和利用好江西省"新型城镇化"区域内体育资源,构建发展绿色环保节约型的管理与发展模式,本文以创新和的理念和观点引入了计算机信息技术对体育资源的管理与配置模型的应用。构建江西省"新型城镇化"进程中节约型体育资源可持续发展信息化模型,能够有效缓解单纯的人力资源对现实中资源的数据信息量复杂、工作量巨大等问题,有助于优化高体育资源利用率降低人工管理成本。计算机PCA主成分有限元分析法应用到了体育资源的评价分析中,建立了江西省"新型城镇化"进程中节约型体育资源可持续发展权重配比模型,为新型城市体育资源建设和评价过程提供了计算机技术支持。     

装备资源节约技术体系构建的原则与方法

科学技术是第一生产力,解决装备资源节约问题,资源节约技术的应用问题至关重要。我军在装备资源节约技术应用研究尚不多见,从目前装备资源节约技术推广应用情况看,还普遍存在着技术应用意识不强、对装备节约技术认识尚不清晰,资源节约技术信息共享不足、很大一批先进节约技术"藏在深闺无人识",诸多节约效果良好的技术应用范围很窄、没能在装备领域得到大面积推广等诸如此类的一系列问题,严重影响了装备资源节约工作科学、持续、深入、高效地发展。本文首先分析了装备资源节约技术体系的内涵,在此基础上提出了构建装备资源节约技术体系的原则和方法,最后详细阐述了基于装备全寿命周期的资源节约技术体系框架,主要包括装备全寿命周期层、工程技术层和管理技术层,并给出了关键技术体系框架,对于推动装备资源节约向深层次发展,具有很高的价值和非常重要的意义。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence