教师教育科研品质提升的基本策略

教育科研和教学研究是教师专业发展的必由之路。科研品质不高、科研成果不理想是当下中小学教师教育科研中普遍存在的问题。炼科研初心、正科研品格是提升教师科研品质的必要保证,学科研方法、树科研规范是提升教师科研品质的基本前提和重中之重,实科研过程、证科研真伪是提升教师科研品质的核心,优科研表达、出科研真果是提升教师科研品质的重要抓手。     

科研自觉:高职院校教师的科研文化诉求

科研文化是组织文化的重要组成部分,而科研文化的最高境界就是科研自觉。目前,高职院校科研氛围不浓、科研意识不强、科研政策缺位、科研自觉虚位、科研素质不高和科研层次偏低等因素影响了教师科研自觉的形成。高职院校应该给教师提供优质的科研文化土壤,同时,教师自身应在实践、学习、反思、写作等诸方面努力走向科研自觉,在科研中幸福成长。     

高校教师科研遵从的类型与特征分析

对468名高校教师科研遵从类型与特征的问卷调查研究表明:高校教师科研存在认从、服从、顺从和盲从(非理性遵从)四种科研遵从类型,89%的高校教师倾向于理性遵从,且科研服从比例最高,占37%,其次是科研认从,占30.6%,11%高校教师倾向于非理性遵从;高校教师科研遵从存在性别、年龄、职称、学校类型、学历和科研领域等方面的差异;科研认从在明确的科研认知、积极的科研情感和主动的科研意志方面具有内在一致性,科研服从虽有比较明确的科研功利性认知,但在消极的科研情感和被动的科研意志方面具有明显的一致性,科研顺从和科研盲从在模糊的科研认知、消极的科研情感和被动的科研意志方面具有明显的一致性;除科研服从与科研顺从在科研认知方面差异不显著外,不同科研遵从类型间在科研认知、科研情感和科研意志方面均具有显著(P<0.05)或十分显著(P<0.001)差异。这一研究结果揭示高校教师科研遵从的本质,对于高校如何激发教师科研的内生动力和活力有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

高校科研育人的构成要素与相互关系分析

作为全方位育人格局中的重要一环,高校科研育人对落实立德树人任务,办好人民满意的教育具有重大意义。文章从科研主体、科研对象、科研方法与科研环境四个子系统出发,提出科研育人的构成要素包括高校、教师、团队、学生、科研立项、科研过程、科研产出、人文环境与物资环境九个方面。科研育人四个子系统间的相互关系体现在:科研主体对科研育人诸要素及其相互关系起主导作用;科研对象具有主动作用,决定着科研育人的实施效果;科研方法具有中介作用,是科研主体、科研对象与科研环境相互联结的桥梁;科研环境起着保障作用,发挥着“育人的条件”和“条件的育人”双重作用。诸要素表现出整体性、同步性、互动性、不平衡性、时代性五个方面的特征。     

提高高职院校科研管理水平的思考

文章认为,当前高职院校科研工作存在的主要问题包括:科研水平较低、科研管理人员严重不足、组织机构很不健全、教职工科研意识淡漠、科研基础设施欠缺、科研资金投入不足。对此,必须采取切实措施提高科研管理水平:创新科研体制机制、完善科研政策、营造科研氛围、创建科研团队、加大科研经费投入、拓宽项目申报渠道。     

高校科研管理工作效能提升路径探析

科研管理是高校科研工作的重要环节,科学高效的科研管理工作模式对于促进科研工作发展、提高科研水平具有重要意义.文章结合高校科研管理实践,从科研管理体制机制、科研考核评价、科研激励与科研成果转化等方面,探讨有效提升科研管理工作效能的实现路径,对于提升高校科研管理水平,推动高校科研发展具有参考意义.     

本科生科研参与意愿影响机制研究

文章通过分析103名本科生访谈材料以及知乎问答社区资料,建立“考量-反馈-调节”模型,探究本科生科研参与意愿的影响因素及其作用机制。研究发现,成功完成期望值、科研成本、科研收益、心理偏好、重要环境作为本科生的重要考量指标,直接影响本科生科研参与意愿;科研体验对参与意愿具有反馈作用,影响本科生科研持续参与意愿;重要环境和科研体验可以调节成功完成期望值、科研成本、科研收益对科研参与意愿的影响过程。基于本科生科研参与意愿影响机制模型,高校应从提高本科生科研培育重视度、完善本科生科研培育体系、加强本科生科研指导团队建设三方面实现本科生科研能力培养机制创新。     

高职院校科研管理现状分析与对策研究

近年来,高职院校科研管理机构基本建立,科研管理制度逐步完善,科研管理队伍不断壮大,管理手段不断更新,科研整体水平大幅提升。但存在科研定位有偏差、基层科研管理缺位、科研激励机制不健全、科研监督约束机制未建立等问题。应采取如下对策：进一步认识科研工作的重要性,找准科研定位;建立二级科研管理机构,加强基层科研管理;加大科研成果转化力度,提升服务地方经济的能力;建立科学有效的科研激励与约束机制。     

服务：高职院校科研管理创新的出发点

服务理念在高职院校科研管理创新中起着至关重要的作用,高职院校科研管理部门应将服务意识贯穿于整个管理工作中,构建科研信息发布平台、科研管理服务平台、校企互动服务平台、科研专题培训服务平台,建立健全科研激励机制等,增强教师的科研能力,提高科研服务水平,促进科研管理工作健康可持续发展。     

高校建立“量化+开放”的科研管理新模式的重要性与方法

科研管理模式是高校进行科研管理的基本思想和主要方法。随着社会的不断发展、科技水平不断提高,高校的科研管理工作应该与时俱进,创新科研管理模式、更新科研管理理念、完善科研管理体系,有效促进高校科技创新、发展高校科学研究、保障高校科研水平。本文通过阐述高校的科研管理现状及科研管理模式,进一步探讨建立"量化+开放"科研管理模式的重要性与方法。     

There’s No Such Thing as a Scientific Controversy

We examine 81 rhetoric and technical communication studies of “scientific controversy.” Our praxiographic analysis reveals that “scientific controversy” is not one thing but three, each staged according to a radically different ontology; yet the literature continues to handle these ontologies the same and to privilege scientists’ demarcation claims in their analysis. We conclude the modifier scientific should be abandoned entirely in controversy studies and recommend an antilogical rather than dialectical approach to controversy.     

人文社会科学与科学技术进步--以广西科技发展为例

人文社会科学是科技进步的前提。广西科技发展取得了较大成就:科学研究与技术开发取得新成果;科研机构和科技人员保持一定的数量;形成了以南宁、桂林、柳州、北海为主的高新技术开发区;政府制定了一系列相关的法规政策。但广西的创新发展模式仍比较落后。要使广西科技快速进步,就必须更新观念,以科学发展观为指导,加快发展哲学社会科学,促使科学与人文两种文化协调共进。     

The Influence of Context on the Large-Scale Assessment of High School Students’ Epistemic Cognition of Scientific Argumentation

Science & Education - Scientific argumentation is a key practice in the construction, confirmation, and legalization of scientific knowledge. Although studies on scientific argumentation have...     

高校硕士生科学素养调查分析—以合肥市部分高校为例

通过对我国公民中文化素质较高的群体——高校学生科学素养水平进行测评,发现硕士研究生科学素养有待提高、女性硕士群体科学教育需特别关注、专业对学生科学素养有一定影响等我国高等教育在提升公民科学素养水平方面存在的问题,提出改进方向与路径建议。建议高校要促进人文与自然科学的教育融合,对教学模式和方法进行改革,更加重视研究生科学素养的研究。     

Redesigning a General Education Science Course to Promote Critical Thinking

Recent studies question the effectiveness of a traditional university curriculum in helping students improve their critical thinking and scientific literacy. We developed an introductory, general education (gen ed) science course to overcome both deficiencies. The course, titled Foundations of Science, differs from most gen ed science offerings in that it is interdisciplinary; emphasizes the nature of science along with, rather than primarily, the findings of science; incorporates case studies, such as the vaccine-autism controversy; teaches the basics of argumentation and logical fallacies; contrasts science with pseudoscience; and addresses psychological factors that might otherwise lead students to reject scientific ideas they find uncomfortable. Using a pretest versus posttest design, we show that students who completed the experimental course significantly improved their critical-thinking skills and were more willing to engage scientific theories the general public finds controversial (e.g., evolution), while students who completed a traditional gen ed science course did not. Our results demonstrate that a gen ed science course emphasizing the process and application of science rather than just scientific facts can lead to improved critical thinking and scientific literacy.     

基于ESI数据库的闽台本科院校科研竞争力对比研究

院校科研竞争力比较能较为客观科学地反映高校的科技发展水平,明晰优势与发现差距。以闽台18所院校为研究对象,根据美国ESI数据库2008年至2018年的数据,从学科建设情况、科研生产力、科研影响力、科研创新力四个角度对这18所高校展开全方位对比和计量分析,得出如下结论:闽台本科院校之间的科研竞争力差异明显;与台湾地区院校相比,福建省整体科研实力偏弱。福建省高校要实现跨越式发展,需要找准优势、挖掘潜力学科、把握政策机遇、促进科研内涵发展、强化合作研究以提升国内外影响力、打造高校科研文化自觉。     

国外中学生科学技术形象研究综述

发展学生对科学技术的积极态度,是学校总课程的重要目标之一,相应地国外学者对中学生的科学技术形象作了深入的研究和探讨。本文通过梳理国外相关文献,从对科学技术的理解、对科学技术涉及的相关职业的认识、对科学家和技术人员的认识以及对科学技术的工作环境的认识四个方面对国外中学生科学技术形象研究进行了综述。在此基础之上,本文做了总结归纳,对今后我国在这方面的研究提出了一些建议。     

Using automatic image processing to analyze visual artifacts created by students in scientific argumentation

Science classes should support students' development of scientific argumentation. While previous studies have analyzed argumentative texts, they have overlooked the ways in which other types of representations, including images, affect the production of such texts. In addition, studies into the use of visual images in science education have offered mostly qualitative analyses. To fill these gaps in the research, this study used techniques of automated image processing to extract relevant information from student-generated visual artifacts. Specifically, it used a series of image-processing algorithms to automatically extract and quantify features of images created by students to serve as evidence in support of scientific arguments. Using various statistical analyses, we identified the relationships between the extracted features and the students' performance levels in constructing scientific arguments. The results revealed that the presence of water in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim and explanation scores and that the amount of water present in a student's image correlated significantly with that student's claim score, but not with their explanation score. These results indicate that automatic image processing can successfully identify image features that affect students' performance in scientific argumentation. Using this analysis as an example, we discuss implications for incorporating automated image processing into further research into scientific argumentation and the development of automated feedback.     

Editor’s Farewell

Abstract

Although journal outlets are beginning to put forth explicit criteria that define authorship, studies have also found that there are nonetheless components of authorship philosophies that remain interactional and culturally defined among members of particular scientific communities. In line with other scientific fields, authorship practices and philosophies are central to publishing in criminology. By drawing from a set of 40 interviews with elite scholars in the field, this paper investigates authorship philosophies prominent in criminology. This paper contributes to knowledge on criminological research practices in two ways. First, this paper contributes to the scant literature on authorship in criminology by investigating cultural definitions of what constitutes authorship right and order. Second, this paper contrasts widespread notions of scientific literate practices as being universal and instead builds on a body of work suggesting that literate practices in scientific communities are culturally defined.     

Discussing Paths Trodden by PCK: an Invitation to Reflection

Some researchers have investigated teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) concerning scientific practices. However, from a review of the literature on the PCK construct and its use for characterising teachers’ knowledge of scientific practices, as well as from a discussion of possible interpretations that emerge from the derived construct PCK of scientific practices, this paper discusses the current complexity of PCK from an analysis of the paths that have been taken in the last few decades. From this, we (i) raise some points and questions aiming at fostering reflections on the use of the PCK construct to characterise teachers’ knowledge related to scientific practices and (ii) emphasise the need to think about alternative models for this purpose. Thus, one of the contributions of this paper is to emphasise the need for further studies aiming at characterising teaching knowledge in domains of scientific practices.