如何在化学教学中有效实施双语教学

本文针对化学双语教学的现状，阐述了双语教学的真正涵义，在此基础上针对目前化学双语教学的现状，提出了在化学课堂教学中有效实施双语教学所必须正确处理的几个问题。     

Towards a clearer understanding of student disadvantage in higher education: problematising deficit thinking

The increased diversity in the student body resulting from massification poses particular challenges to higher education. This article engages the uncritical use of the ‘disadvantage’ discourse and its effect on pedagogy. It explores some of the challenges of coping with student diversity, with particular reference to the South African context. Students enter higher education institutions with a variety of educational backgrounds, not all of which are considered to be sufficient preparation for the demands of higher education. The dominant thinking in higher education attempts to understand student difficulty by framing students and their families of origin as lacking some of the academic and cultural resources necessary to succeed in what is presumed to be a fair and open society. This constitutes a deficit thinking model: it focuses on inadequacies of students and aims to ‘fix’ this problem. In the process the impact of structural issues is often ignored or minimised. Employing a deficit mindset to frame student difficulties perpetuates stereotypes, alienates students from higher education and disregards the role of higher education in perpetuating the barriers to student success. In the process, universities replicate the educational stratification of societies. This article suggests that we need to find more suitable responses to diversity in the student body. These require a change in our way of thinking: we need thoughtfully to consider the readiness of higher education institutions to respond to students and to cultivate the will to learn in students. We need to find ways to research the full texture of the student experience and to value the pre-higher education contexts from which students come. In addition, the notion of ‘at risk’ students could be helpful and the original sense of the concept needs to be reclaimed.     

化学教学中实施双语教学的思考

作者就在化学教学中实施双语教学的必要性、在实践中遇到的问题及相应的解决方法、双语教学的实施过程和双语教学对学生产生的影响作了一定的研究与实践。     

中学化学双语教学研究与实践

"双语人才"--能在不同的语言环境下,熟练地运用母语和外语的专业人员,在上海日益开阔的国际交流环境下,已成为人才需求市场上凸显的一个热点.在我国进行双语教学的目的之一是提高学生的英语水平,更好地适应未来社会.在全球一体化,科技创新的信息时代,社会所需的人才不仅要有高水平的专业知识,还需具备高水平的外语交际能力.因此汉英双语教学日益受到广大教育者的关注,而化学双语教学的研究和实践正处在探索阶段.     

高中化学双语教学的探索与实践

在调查研究的基础上,拟订教学目标,设计教学过程,并对阶段教学成效进行评价,分析总结存在的问题,旨在探索在高中阶段用英语进行化学教学的可行性。     

实验班双语课《Analytical Chemistry》的教学实践

对化学系实验班双语课程《Analytical Chemistry》的课堂教学实践、教学特点和教学效果进行了总结,通过问卷调查的形式对分析化学双语教学的教学模式及存在问题进行分析,探索＂荣誉课程＂教学中有利于提高教学效果的教学手段和方法.     

化学选修课双语教学的设想与实践

新一轮的高中化学课程改革试图构建起能充分体现时代性、基础性和选择性的课程体系。“双语人才”在日益开阔的国际交流环境下,已成为人才需求市场上凸显的一个热点。本文例举了一节高一化学双语选修课实践的教学环节,讨论了高中化学双语教学的实施步骤、教学模式、教材选取及课程安排．总结了化学选修课双语教学的一些特点和优势。     

新疆民族教育的发展与双语教育的实践

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is an area of great importance for the ethnic minorities of northwestern China, and the development of local minority education has been a constant concern in both government and academic spheres. By means of analyzing government documents, statistical data and research literature, this article attempts to define the fundamental modes and development processes of minority education in Xinjiang. Furthermore, the article elaborates on discussion of the development and problems relevant to bilingual education in the concentrated Uyghur communities of southern Xinjiang based on the author’s field research in the Kashgar Prefecture in 2007. Translated by Zhang Lin from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2008, (2): 2–41, revised by Daniel Weisman     

构建阅读场 促进常态读

为了培养学生良好的阅读习惯,积极践行“阅读常态化”的理念,我校以心理学家勒温的场动力学理论为依托,充分发挥团体动力的作用,创设浓郁的阅读“场”环境,通过思想引领、环境营造、活动促进,星级评价构建师生常态阅读氛围。     

课题式课堂教学的研究与实践

把课题式学习分成课题式研究活动，课题式课堂教学，课题式延时作用三个层次，本文借鉴“课题研究”的启示，提出了课题式课堂教学的概念，阐述了此教学方法的特征及其在课堂教学中的开展，并由此提出了其基本策略，基本模式和实施原则。     

Challenges and possibilities of Holocaust education and critical citizenship: An ethnographic study of a fifth-grade bilingual class revisited

This classroom ethnography examines the engagement of fifth-grade children in a year-long study of rights, respect, and responsibility, which culminated in a focused study of tolerance and intolerance organized around literature regarding the Holocaust. A close examination of one teacher’s approach to teaching about the Holocaust, the study highlights the importance of long-term engagements, a layered curriculum that supports children in building understandings over time, and varied opportunities for making meaning together. This approach included empathy-building, a focus on rescue and resistance and the bystander response, building a knowledge base about the Holocaust, stories of individual experiences, and opportunities to make personal connections. Drawing on samples of student talk, writing, and art, the article illustrates how children built upon academic and social practices established from the first days of school to expand their repertoire of meanings, language, and actions of (in)tolerance, gaining more complex understandings of the social, political, and moral implications of the Holocaust. Students in this bilingual class also developed individual and social actions in speaking out against social injustice in their own communities. The author argues that this classroom experience supported students as critical citizens who conscientiously and compassionately participate in the day-to-day building of more equitable communities.     

Understanding Deaf bilingual education from the inside: a SWOT analysis

This article reports on a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis using a nominal group process undertaken to identify and tackle significant factors, both internal and external, affecting those current Deaf bilingual practices in Spain which promote or prevent the processes through which more inclusive (barrier-free) education for Deaf children can be successfully implemented. Seventeen school representatives (eight Deaf, nine hearing) from nine school sites with leading Deaf bilingual initiatives for Deaf children from different parts of the country participated in the study. Ways to improve accessibility to the whole SWOT process were explored to ensure that genuine and significant participation of All school representatives was actually possible. The main strengths pointed out the importance of participation and involvement of staff and others in the educational community. The primary weakness was found in the lack of a learning environment fully accessible to Deaf children. Notable opportunities included a growing acceptance of the bilingual and inclusive school concept by regional educational administrations and societal and parental changes towards bilingualism and sign language. The lack of official recognition of sign language was reported as a major threat. Understanding these four internal and external interrelated factors can: (1) help insiders reflect on their practices and use the findings to improve their practice; (2) guide policy decisions on matching resources and capabilities to the environment in which schools catering for Deaf children operate; and (3) provide the starting point upon which policy-making and further research could be built.     

Forging inclusive practice in ethnically-segregated school systems: lessons from one multiethnic,bilingual education classroom in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT

This paper offers a perspective on bilingual education (BE) as inclusive education. Ethnolinguistically-separated schools and classrooms in Sri Lanka resulted from an enduring, mother tongue instruction policy which abetted a deeply ethnically-divided nation. More recently, Sri Lanka has experimented with a BE programme in pursuit of enriching the perceived value of the local mother tongues as well as building students’ knowledge of English as a global language. This article presents analysis of the inclusive practice of two Sri Lankan BE teachers in their attempts to advance social cohesion through bilingual education. We demonstrate the logic of practice focussing on four features of the teachers’ work: promoting interethnic relations through regular change of seating arrangements; equal delegation of responsibilities and absence of favouritism; cooperative group work in ethnically heterogeneous groups; and, promoting heteroglossic language practices or translanguaging. The positive, inclusive consequences of these practices are corroborated by focus group data gathered from students in the school. We argue that teachers have a significant role in changing the logic of practice in the classroom, and that the implicit rules teachers encode in their pedagogy can reorient exclusionary, ethnocentric identity positioning towards more inclusive, supraethnic identities.     

关于德育教育渗透于英语课堂的实践与探究

随着教育改革的不断深入开展,教育教学更加注重德育教育,只有先教会学生如何做人,才能教会学生学好科学文化知识。语言是民族或国家的标志性象征,更是一种社会文化,因而在语言课堂教学中加强德育教育更具必要性。     

Intercultural bilingual education in Nicaragua: Contextualisation for improving the quality of education

For the past 35 years, various models of intercultural bilingual education (IBE) have been implemented in Latin American schools and adult education. While Spanish is the official language in Nicaragua, many indigenous languages, such as Miskito and Sumo-Mayangna, are also spoken ?C especially in the Atlantic coastal region. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport recognises the need for a flexible curriculum that reflects individual local and regional linguistic and socio-cultural characteristics, through the use of mother tongue and second language learning. The contextualisation model applied in the Atlantic coastal region of Nicaragua is therefore based on the use of a languages strategy in preparing textbooks and basic technical materials with an IBE approach, as part of the process of improving the quality of education. Thus intercultural communication is enhanced, and the need to strengthen the systematic teaching of languages, differentiating between mother tongue, second language and foreign language, is recognised. As well as explaining the contextualisation process in detail, this article discusses the conceptual differences between intercultural bilingual education (IBE) and bilingual intercultural education (BIE). The paper concludes with several recommendations for the further development of BIE in Latin America.     

Effectiveness of bilingual education in Cambodia: a longitudinal comparative case study of ethnic minority children in bilingual and monolingual schools

There is little research in the developing countries of South East Asia on the effectiveness of bilingual education programmes that use first language instruction for ethnic minority children. This study investigated the effectiveness of a bilingual education programme involving ethnic minority children in Cambodia by comparing their performance in mathematics, Khmer literacy and oral Khmer to their ethnic minority peers whose education is in the national language only. The findings show that students in the bilingual schools performed better in mathematics than their peers in the monolingual schools, but the differences in Khmer literacy and oral Khmer test scores were statistically insignificant. The study suggests that bilingual education using first language instruction could benefit academic development among ethnic minority students in Cambodia, at least in terms of mathematics achievement.     

谈我国少数民族双语教育

我国的少数民族地区主要采用的是双语教学这不仅符合我国国情,也是在教学实践的过程中长期摸索出来的结果。双语教育是民族教育的一大特色特色,也是一个复杂并且不容忽视的问题,搞好双语教育不仅对提高少数民族人口素质大有裨益,还可以进一步提高整个国家和民族的文化素质。本文主要论及双语教育的必要性、现状以及问题解决的对策等方面。     

Ethnography,materiality, and the principle of symmetry: problematising anthropocentrism and interactionism in the ethnography of education

ABSTRACT

In this article we draw on actor-network theory (ANT) in order to challenge the methodological and empirical orthodoxies of anthropocentrism and interactionism that have long informed dominant discourses of ethnographic work. We use ANT to open new possibilities for understanding education as emergent in relational fields where non-human forces are as equally necessary as and possess an agency equivalent to, human forces: the principle of symmetry. We argue that this generates important conceptual as well as political possibilities in constituting different possible outcomes in the accomplishment of ethnographies of education. We draw attention to the problematic of the decentring of the human subject and the critical investigation of the interface between people and objects that frame this special issue, and also propose a methodological response framed by a commitment to empirical research through ethnography as well as a theoretical response framed by relational materialism, operationalised here through recourse to ANT.