Virtual cerebral ventricular system: an MR-based three-dimensional computer model

The inherent spatial complexity of the human cerebral ventricular system, coupled with its deep position within the brain, poses a problem for conceptualizing its anatomy. Cadaveric dissection, while considered the gold standard of anatomical learning, may be inadequate for learning the anatomy of the cerebral ventricular system; even with intricate dissection, ventricular structures remain difficult to observe. Three-dimensional (3D) computer reconstruction of the ventricular system offers a solution to this problem. This study aims to create an accurate 3D computer reconstruction of the ventricular system with surrounding structures, including the brain and cerebellum, using commercially available 3D rendering software. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a male cadaver were segmented using both semiautomatic and manual tools. Segmentation involves separating voxels of different grayscale values to highlight specific neural structures. User controls enable adding or removing of structures, altering their opacity, and making cross-sectional slices through the model to highlight inner structures. Complex physiologic concepts, such as the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, are also shown using the 3D model of the ventricular system through a video animation. The model can be projected stereoscopically, to increase depth perception and to emphasize spatial relationships between anatomical structures. This model is suited for both self-directed learning and classroom teaching of the 3D anatomical structure and spatial orientation of the ventricles, their connections, and their relation to adjacent neural and skeletal structures.     

3D Reconstruction technique for tomographic PIV

Tomographic particle image velocimetry(Tomo-PIV) is a state-of-the-art experimental technique based on a method of optical tomography to achieve the three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction for threedimensional three-component(3D-3C) flow velocity measurements. 3D reconstruction for Tomo-PIV is carried out herein. Meanwhile, a 3D simplified tomographic reconstruction model reduced from a 3D volume light intensity field with 2D projection images into a 2D Tomo-slice plane with 1D projecting lines, i.e., simplifying this 3D reconstruction into a problem of 2D Tomo-slice plane reconstruction, is applied thereafter. Two kinds of the most well-known algebraic reconstruction techniques, algebraic reconstruction technique(ART) and multiple algebraic reconstruction technique(MART), are compared as well. The principles of the two reconstruction algorithms are discussed in detail, which has been performed by a series of simulation images, yielding the corresponding reconstruction images that show different features between the ART and MART algorithm, and then their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Further discussions are made for the standard particle image reconstruction when the background noise of the pre-initial particle image has been removed. Results show that the particle image reconstruction has been greatly improved. The MART algorithm is much better than the ART. Furthermore, the computational analyses of two parameters(the particle density and the number of cameras), are performed to study their effects on the reconstruction. Lastly, the 3D volume particle field is reconstructed by using the improved algorithm based on the simplified 3D tomographic reconstruction model, which proves that the algorithm simplification is feasible and it can be applied to the reconstruction of 3D volume particle field in a Tomo-PIV system.     

Gaussian particle filter based pose and motion estimation

Determination of relative three-dimensional (3D) position, orientation, and relative motion between two reference frames is an important problem in robotic guidance, manipulation, and assembly as well as in other fields such as photogrammetry. A solution to pose and motion estimation problem that uses two-dimensional (2D) intensity images from a single camera is de- sirable for real-time applications. The difficulty in performing this measurement is that the process of projecting 3D object features to 2D images is a nonlinear transformation. In this paper, the 3D transformation is modeled as a nonlinear stochastic system with the state estimation providing six degrees-of-freedom motion and position values, using line features in image plane as measuring inputs and dual quaternion to represent both rotation and translation in a unified notation. A filtering method called the Gaussian particle filter (GPF) based on the particle filtering concept is presented for 3D pose and motion estimation of a moving target from monocular image sequences. The method has been implemented with simulated data, and simulation results are provided along with comparisons to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to show the relative advantages of the GPF. Simulation results showed that GPF is a superior alternative to EKF and UKF.     

平煤十三矿穿层钻孔抽采瓦斯浓度异常分析

针对突出煤层穿层钻孔抽采瓦斯浓度低的问题,从钻孔成孔过程的动力现象、成孔后孔口瓦斯流量、钻孔见煤长度和成孔后瓦斯抽采期间钻孔渗水等方面,分析了平煤十三矿己15.17-11111机巷底抽巷D12钻场附近和D23钻场附近,穿层钻孔抽采瓦斯浓度相差较大的原因;研究结果对改善穿层钻孔抽采瓦斯浓度效果,加快突出煤层的瓦斯治理具有借鉴作用。     

Large eddy simulation for wind field analysis based on stabilized finite element method

In this paper, a stabilized finite element technique, actualized by streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) stabilized method and three-step finite element method (FEM), for large eddy simulation (LES) is developed to predict the wind flow with high Reynolds numbers. Weak form of LES motion equation is combined with the SUPG stabilized term for the spatial finite element discretization. An explicit three-step scheme is implemented for the temporal discretization. For the numerical example of 2D wind flow over a square rib at Re=4.2×10⁵, the Smagorinsky’s subgrid-scale (SSGS) model, the DSGS model, and the DSGS model with Cabot near-wall model are applied, and their results are analyzed and compared with experimental results. Furthermore, numerical examples of 3D wind flow around a surface-mounted cube with different Reynolds numbers are performed using DSGS model with Cabot near-wall model based on the present stabilized method to study the wind field and compared with experimental and numerical results. Finally, vortex structures for wind flow around a surface-mounted cube are studied by present numerical method. Stable and satisfactory results are obtained, which are consistent with most of the measurements even under coarse mesh.     

一种基于二维图像信息的三维地形测量

研究目的：利用数字图像测量技术对河流模型实验中的河床地形测晕研究。创新要点：以高质量的图像径向畸变校正为基础,依据多幅图像间 映射换算以及单幅图像灰度信息变换两方面的研究,来提取二维地形信息。研究方法：使用考虑残差的一阶误差传播的最大似然估计方法求解图像与地形坐标的映射变换参数;借助漫反射光照模型,通过适当假设,推导出地形高程与图像灰度、灰度梯度及太阳办向的关系式。重要结论：1．以Devernay基于直线的图像畸变校正方法为基础,通过使用更高精度的Canny边缘检测算子提取图像边缘,黄金分割法和二次插值法相结合的最优化方法求取畸变系数等,可以得到较好的校正效果,求算的畸变系数精度更高,求算过程更快;2．利用图像与地面间的透视投影关系方法求解地形高程小标,均匀并尽可能多地将控制点布置住控制区域内,使计算值更接近实测值,并满足河流演变实验的精度要求;3．通过推导关系式,理论上可以根据图像灰度、灰度梯度、太阳方向向晕算得地形高程。     

挡墙对爆炸形成的空气冲击波防护效应的三维数值模拟研究

本文对爆轰产物采用JWL状态方程，通过多流体网Euler型算法，应用自行编制MMIC3D程序，模拟了在爆点附近有无障碍物的三雏爆炸场的初始发展的情况，以及不同形状的防护挡墙对爆炸效应的影响，计算结果基本符合物理规律，这说明本文采用的模型及算法是合理的，并可用来进一步模拟爆炸对远场的作用效应，得到了对实际具有参考价值的计算结果。     

Decomposition method for solving parabolic equations in finite domains

INTRODUCTION The decomposition method was introduced by Adomian(1989;1994)in the1980’s for solving linear and nonlinear functional equations(algebraic,dif-ferential,partial differential equations(PDEs)and systems,integral,differential-delay,integro-differen-tial equations,etc.)(Adomian,1989;1994;Guellal and Cherruault,1995;Adomian et al.,1996;Laffez and Abbaoui,1996;Ndour et al.,1996;Guellal et al.,1997;Abbaoui and Cherruault,1999;Adjedj,1999).This method leads to computable,accurat…     

近自由面细长体的振荡问题

本文引进细长体的假定,把三维的流体运动问题化成了二维的非定常问题。前面剖面对后面剖面的干扰作用用积分表示,对物体作了适当近似以后,改善了切片理论。根据物面条件把整个问题的求解分解为兴波问题和振荡问题,而振荡问题可由兴波问题的适当组合表示出来。这样,大大简化了问题的求解。作为例子,本文数值计算了细长体的水动力导数,给出了结果。     

圆柱周围湍流场的数值模拟

In practical problems, the variation of the free surface around a circular pier is severe. For the Fluent CFD, the multiphase flow models cannot be used together with the LES model to calculate the free surface. Present paper provides a two-step method which joints the 2D compressible ideal-gas equations and the LES model to calculate the 3D flow field with free surface around the pier. The effects of the free surface on the flow structures are studied in detail.     

Multiple description scalable video coding based on 3D lifted wavelet transform

INTRODUCTION With the expansion of multimedia applications, video transmission is becoming an important issue in the research area of communication. It is very im- portant to compress a large amount of video data effectively, which has already attracted considerable attention recently. To make source coders both er- ror-resilient and network-adaptive are two main challenges facing the video compression techniques. It is necessary to make the bitstreams temporal, spa- tial and SNR scalabl…     

一种蜂窝网络中支持D2D通信的资源分配方法

基于冲突图模型形成的二进制整数规划,提出了一种蜂窝网络中支持D2D通信的无线资源分配方法．首先,提出一种频率资源分配算法,即为每个D2D链路都分配一个频率资源块．分配频率资源时将尽可能地利用蜂窝网络中的无线频率资源空间重用机会．然后,提出一种时隙调度算法,即为所有分配同一频率资源块的D2D链路进行时隙资源调度．调度时隙资源时将保证使用同一频率资源块的D2D链路之间达到长期平均吞吐率的比例公平．通过计算机仿真对所提出方法的性能进行了验证,结果表明该方法能够在蜂窝网络中实现D2D通信功能．     

A new algorithm of brain volume contours segmentation

INTRODUCTIONSegmentation ,acentralissueofcomputervision ,isafundamentalprocessingstepinmostsystemsthatsupportmedicaldiagnosisorplan ningofsurgicaloperationsandradiationtreat ments (Wyattetal.,2 0 0 0 ;Wintereretal.,2 0 0 2 ;Baoetal.,1998) .Contour basedse…     

基于点云的加工特征识别技术研究

介绍了在CAD领域基于B-Rep模型的特征识别方法,总结了其中的优势和不足,并且对直接从三维散乱点云中识别加工特征的关键技术进行了研究,提出了可能的解决方案。进一步讨论了如何将CAD领域中基于B-Rep模型的算法运用到基于点云的特征识别中,为解决逆向工程中加工特征识别的问题提供新的思路。     

A new algorithm of brain volume contours segmentation

This paper explores brain CT slices segmentation technique and some related problems, including contours segmentation algorithms, edge detector, algorithm evaluation and experimental results. This article describes a method for contour-based segmentation of anatomical structures in 3D medical data sets. With this method, the user manually traces one or more 2D contours of an anatomical structure of interest on parallel planes arbitrarily cutting the data set. The experimental results showed the segmentation based on 3D brain volume and 2D CT slices. The main creative contributions in this paper are: (1) contours segmentation algorithm; (2) edge detector; (3) algorithm evaluation. Project (No.69931010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Information retention’s relationships with flow,presence and engagement in guided 3D virtual environments

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of different variables with information retention in guided 3D virtual learning environments by employing three experimental designs. In each experiments, different participants were included in the same population and different variables were considered. Information retention test, flow, presence, engagement scales were used as data collection tools. Namely measures of flow, presence and engagement were examined to see their correlation with retention in experiment 1, 2 and 3. As a result, not the total score of flow but focused attention, enjoyment and skill dimensions has a weak but significant correlation with information retention, while the challenge has a moderate and significant negative correlation. In the second experiment, retention had a significant, low-level relationship with teaching presence and cognitive presence, but it did not have a similar relationship with social presence. In the third experiment, information retention significantly correlated with affective and cognitive engagement, but not with behavioral engagement. Although the three studies’ participants were from the same population, It was seen that the differences in the level of relationship between information retention and the variables studied in each study. Nevertheless, it was found that the levels of flow, presence and engagement of students are important for information retention in a guided 3D virtual learning environment. The study is thought to guide researchers to design 3D virtual learning environments for different purposes, considering these variables.     

基于改进卡尔曼滤波的RoboCup3D定位研究

RoboCup3D竞赛中机器人的定位问题一直是研究热点。文章研究了RoboCup3D球队中球员和足球精确定位的问题。通过分析仿真器的视觉误差模型。把卡尔曼滤波及其改进算法应用到HSU3D的Agent中,仿真结果表明经过滤波器滤波后的定位效果较好。     

传统制图课程融入三维CAD建模的教学探析

针对是否要将三维CAD建模融入工程图学教学中的问题,阐述了将三维CAD建模引入制图课程的背景,归纳了三维CAD引入制图教学中的三种教学模式,并比较了各自的形式和特点,同时分析了三维CAD与传统制图教学融合存在问题。最后指出在将三维CAD建模引入传统制图教学中时,应该着重解决传统制图教学内容与现代三维CAD建模融合与呼应的不足,使得传统制图教学与三维CAD建模有机结合。     

One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of soft clay with the non-Darcian flow

Based on the non-Darcian flow law described by exponent m and threshold gradient i ₁ under a low hydraulic gradient and the classical nonlinear relationships e-lgσ′ and e-lgk _v (Mesri and Rokhsar, 1974), the governing equation of 1D nonlinear consolidation was modified by considering both uniform distribution of self-weight stress and linear increment of self-weight stress. The numerical solutions for the governing equation were derived by the finite difference method (FDM). Moreover, the solutions were verified by comparing the numerical results with those by analytical method under a specific case. Finally, consolidation behavior under different parameters was investigated, and the results show that the rate of 1D nonlinear consolidation will slow down when the non-Darcian flow law is considered. The consolidation rate with linear increment of self-weight stress is faster than that with uniform distribution one. Compared to Darcy’s flow law, the influence of parameters describing non-linearity of soft soil on consolidation behavior with non-Darcian flow has no significant change.     

3D虚拟解剖模型在解剖学教学中的应用探析

在康复治疗技术专业解剖学教学中应用3D虚拟解剖模型和学生手机APP进行学习,能很好地解决标本短缺的问题,取得较好的教学效果。文章介绍3D虚拟解剖模型概况,探讨3D虚拟解剖模型的应用优势,并指出3D虚拟解剖模型的不足和改进办法,以激发学生的学习兴趣,使教师的教与学生的学都变得更加轻松。