档案文献编纂中的编前研究

档案文献编纂是以馆藏档案为主要对象,按照一定的题目和科学的编纂方法,将相关的档案文献编纂成书,达到整理、积累、流传科学文化知识的目的,并供读者阅读、研究、利用的一项工作.     

档案政策与档案法律比较研究

随着现代社会对档案信息需求的不断增强 ,档案工作面临着许多新的问题 ,这些问题不仅直接影响着档案工作的进程 ,甚至还影响着一个国家政治、经济、文化、科学技术领域等方面。其中不少问题必须借助于档案政策和档案法律才能解决。为了正确认识两者的共性和差异 ,明确其相互关系 ,充分发挥它们在档案事业中的作用 ,对其进行比较研究是非常必要的。一、档案政策与档案法律基本概念比较。档案政策与档案法律是既有密切联系又有一定区别的两个术语 ,但实际工作中却存在一些片面的认识和做法。一种是常以档案政策代替档案法律 ,使档案事业管理中…     

睡虎地秦简文书档案探析

睡虎地秦简文书档案可分五类,其中法律文书种类繁多,内容宏富,特点突出,阶级性强烈,而最富特点、最有价值的是地图、户籍、赋税、统计和医务档案.     

Framing photographs,denying archives: the difficulty of focusing on archival photographs

This article pursues the varying understandings of the photograph in archival literature. An in-depth review of the scholarship uncovers several possible reasons why archivists and those writing about photographic archives apparently continue to struggle with the photograph, including: the sheer difficulty that photographs as an elusive medium present; past debates about photography in art history, history, and archival literature; and the challenges that the photograph as an evasive document presents to the contradictory nature of archives themselves and to conceptions of archival science. Having evolved from an understanding of photographs that conflated content with meaning to postmodernist notions of contingent and plural meanings in which photographs participate, archival writings on the photograph hold promise as they begin to tread the waters that Schwartz charted in the last 15 years. This paper follows that historical progression in order to trace the discourse on photographic archives that has emerged over the past three decades.

The archival sliver: Power, memory, and archives in South Africa

Far from being a simple reflection of reality, archives are constructed windows into personal and collective processes. They at once express and are instruments of prevailing relations of power. Verne Harris makes these arguments through an account of archives and archivists in the context of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The account is deliberately shaped around three themes — race, power, and public records. While he concedes that the constructedness of memory and the dimension of power are most obvious in the extreme circumstances of oppression and rapid transition to democracy, he argues that these are realities informing archives in all circumstances. He makes an appeal to archivists to enchant their work by engaging these realities and by turning always towards the call of and for justice. This essay draws heavily on four articles published previously by me: “Towards a Culture of Transparency: Public Rights of Access to Official Records in South Africa”,American Archivist 57.4 (1994); “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996”,Archivaria 42 (1996); “Transforming Discourse and Legislation: A Perspective on South Africa's New National Archives Act”,ACARM Newsletter 18 (1996); and “Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa”,Archivaria 44 (1997). I am grateful to Ethel Kriger (National Archives of South Africa) and Tim Nuttall (University of Natal) for offering sometimes tough comment on an early draft of the essay. I remain, of course, fully responsible for the final text. I presented a version of it in the “Refiguring the Archive” seminar series, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, October 1998. That version was published in revised form in Carolyn Hamilton et al.,Refiguring the Archive (Cape Town: David Philip, 2002).     

商业档案管理软件对档案工作的影响及对策

商业档案管理软件的开发水平不仅直接关系到档案管理的标准化、规范化和档案工作效率的高低,而且还关系到国家档案信息资源的共享和国家秘密的安全。因此,加强对商业档案管理软件开发企业的监管,提高商业档案管理软件的开发水平和售后服务保障能力,应该成为我国档案信息化发展战咯的重要内容。     

The logic of archival authenticity: ISO 15489 and the varieties of forgeries in archives

According to ISO 15489, the international standard on records management, the four main characteristics of authoritative records are reliability, integrity, usability and authenticity. In this article, the traits of an ideal record as specified by ISO 15489 are discussed by looking at the opposite of an authentic record – a forgery. By examining the varieties of forgeries found in archives, ranging from forgeries of details to forgeries of entire documents both by record creators and users, the argument is put forth that the difference between an authentic and reliable record and a forgery is not at all obvious. Since forgeries are a regrettable evil of an archive, instead of trying to fix authenticity, more thought should be spared on users’ and archivists’ attitudes towards forgeries and how inauthentic records should be handled in an archive.     

档案文献的选择传播及其对社会文化传承的影响

本文阐释了档案文献选择传播的概念、发生机制及其传播形式 ,并选取了社会文化的多个层面 ,如历史、道德价值观、法律制度、学术思想、科学技术、民间习俗等 ,论述了档案文献选择传播对社会文化传承的影响。     

The records of memory, the archives of identity: celebrations, texts and archival sensibilities

Using a variety of examples of non-traditional archives, the article explores the concept of cultural archives that embraces dynamic events such as commemorations, monuments, and other community-based representations. The paradigm of the postcolonial archive is considered and analyzed as a potential model for such a living cultural archive.     

档案馆建立现行文件服务机构的若干认识

档案馆建立现行文件服务机构,主要向社会提供内容涉及政策性、法规性、公益性、服务性的现行文件利用服务,是当前档案工作的热点之一.截止2003年6月底,全国共有480家档案馆开展了已公开现行文件的利用工作.就是现在,还有档案馆仍在筹建现行文件服务机构.因此,本文拟对档案馆建立现行文件服务机构的做法提出一些看法,不妥之处,敬请档案界同仁指正.     

散议利用效果实例汇编

在各类档案编研成果中,《档案利用效果实例汇编》是较为特殊的一种.一般来说,档案编研是以馆(室)藏档案文献为主要依据,以满足社会(或本单位)利用档案的需要为目的,在研究、综合档案内容的基础上,形成二次文献或三次文献.     

县级综合档案馆全宗设置与档号编制之我见

全宗设置和档号编制是各级档案馆不可缺少的基础业务工作之一．该文质疑全宗设置和档号编制的一些做法．并提出了建议。     

试论当代档案文献考据方法的演进

中国当代档案文献考据方法是在马克思主义唯物史观指导下进行的,这一考据方法是对此前各种考据方法的继承和发展,代表当代档案文献考据方法的主流,郭沫若和罗尔纲是中国当代这一考据方法的代表人物。二十世纪八十年代后,法国年鉴学派的史学理念与考据方法大规模传入中国,对档案文献考据方法也产生了很大的影响。     

馆藏档案信息资源共享机制建设初探

本文首先阐述了北京市国家综合档案馆馆藏档案信息资源共享机制建设的意义,在分析共享机制建设存在问题的基础上,创新性地提出馆藏档案信息资源共享机制建设的立足点——"两个支撑点"与"两个体系"建设。     

Discursive Legitimation of a Controversial Technology: Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women in Israel and the Internet

The introduction of the internet to ultra-Orthodox Jewish society has presented an acute dilemma. While seen as a potential carrier of secular values and officially banned, the internet also presents significant socio-economic opportunities for a community in which women are often the sole providers. This research focuses on the discursive strategies ultra-Orthodox women internet users employ to legitimate their use of this controversial technology. A glaring disparity was observed between these women's actual, subversive technology-related practices and the rhetorical construction of the same practices, which attempted to portray them as congruent with community values. We suggest that when investigating the domestication of new technologies, examining technology-related discourse may be no less important than the more common to date focus on practice.     

On archival pluralism: what religious pluralism (and its critics) can teach us about archives

Recent work has stressed the importance of pluralism in archival education, practice, and research. By examining the promises and perils of pluralism as it has been constructed in another field—religion—this article analyzes, expands, and delineates the notion of archival pluralism in a way that helps form the conceptual foundation for further work on pluralistic approaches to archival education, theory and practice. More specifically, it argues that archival pluralism can learn from four basic principles of religious pluralism—energetic engagement, understanding, strengthened commitment, and dialog—while at the same time avoiding four major perils: claims of universality, inattention to power, silencing dissent, and collapsing of difference. First, this article presents a brief discourse analysis tracing the emergence and development of archival pluralism in the literature to date. Next, turning to how pluralism has been constructed in another field, this article gives a brief overview of conceptions of religious pluralism using the work of two of its most prominent American scholars as guideposts and then addresses the strengths and weaknesses of this conceptualization of pluralism in the religious sphere. Next, this article proposes how religious pluralism’s main principles and pitfalls can be adapted and applied in the realm of memory keeping in order to strengthen the conceptual framework for archival pluralism. It concludes by suggesting aspects of a research agenda for future work in archival pluralism.     

档案管理理论对档案数据库建设的影响分析

档案数据库是以档案的本体管理为基础,兼顾数据库设计和应用发展的需要,将包括档案实体信息、管理信息、应用环境信息在内的各种类型数据按照特定数据模型进行组织的数据集合.在长期实践中,数据库以其独特的优点已经证明它是信息资源组织、管理、共享的最佳方法,在数据冗余度、管理效率、数据完整性控制等方面都有良好的表现.事实上,档案数据库是各类档案信息系统正常运行的核心组件,是档案信息化不可或缺的基础工作之一.     

Points of convergence: seamless long-term access to digital publications and archival records at library and archives Canada

In 2004, Canada’s national library and national archives merged to form Library and Archives Canada (LAC). LAC has become more than the sum of its parts, creating synergies between library and archives collections and services, realizing efficiencies and satisfying user demands for seamless access to all holdings. LAC has already created and launched Fed Search, an online search tool that provides clients with single-search access to library, archives and online collections. LAC is in the process of building a Trusted Digital Repository that will combine ingest, preservation, management and dissemination services for archives and library collections.