基于C5.0算法的人脸表情识别研究

本文通过对人脸表情图像进行预处理,对预处理后的待测图像进行特征点标定,统计出这些特征点之间的几何特征,建立表情属性表,构建基于决策树C5.0算法的人脸表情识别模型,获取分类规则,得到较好的识别精度,为人脸表情识别提供了一条有效途径。     

基于SVM车型识别系统的设计

车辆自动识别分类技术是智能运输系统的重要组成部分,它对特定地点和时间的车辆进行识别和分类,并以之作为交通管理、收费、调度、统计的依据.要实现我国公路收费自动化、管理规范科学化,车型自动识别方法的研究势在必行.本文研究基于车型图像代数特征的车型识别方法.该方法首先利用背景差分法从背景图像中提取出运动车辆,并对车型图像进行预处理,然后采用特征并行融合的方法即用PCA方法,最后通过支持向量机分类器进行车型识别.     

基于小波变换的钞票识别

提出一种基于Gabor小波特征提取的钞票识别算法。基于钞票印刷图像的纹理特性,从钞票图像中选取采样点,利用Gabor小波提取采样点的领域特性作为特征。选用统计模型作为分类器,用提取到的特征作为输入。取第五套人民币作为实验集进行了实验,实验结果表明方法的有效性,能正确识别实验集的全部样本。     

基于DSP车牌识别系统的设计

文章设计了一种车牌识别系统,采用基于DSP构建的硬件平台,运用数字图像处理的相关基础知识来实现车牌识别的功能。该系统主要包括图像采集与预处理、车牌定位、字符切分以及字符识别等四个部分。通过对采集到的图像进行分析处理,分别得到边缘检测、直方图统计、中值滤波、锐化、灰度阈值处理等实验结果。     

基于统计特性的指纹分割算法研究

指纹图像分割的目的就在于把背景区和前景区中的不可恢复区分割出去,利用统计特性的算法,以达到提高自动指纹识别系统对指纹图像的实时处理速度,保证系统的识别能力。     

储粮害虫分类识别研究

对储粮害虫进行分类识别是非常必要的,本文阐述了利用计算机数字图像处理技术提取静态储粮害虫图像的一阶灰度统计量特征、灰值游程矩阵的纹理特征以及几何形状特征,采用BP神经网络技术对特征进行分类和识别的主要技术和方法.该方法为储粮害虫的分类识别开辟了新的途径.     

基于HSV模型的棉花图像轮廓提取

为了正确识别自然环境中处于采摘期的成熟棉花,首先分析了H S V彩色模型下,棉桃、棉枝及棉叶的H、S、V颜色分量均值,然后统计了各色差受光照影响情况,提出一种基于S分量的棉花分割方法。并对对分割后的图像采用数学形态学方法进行去躁,然后利用区域标记、边界跟踪方法获得轮廓图像。     

考虑夜间视觉图像误差的人行道识别技术

传统视觉测量方法在夜间环境下,存在误差因素繁多、对比度差、结构相似性差等缺陷,无法准确识别人行道中的行人目标,提出了考虑夜间视觉图像误差的人行道识别方法,塑造目标模型更新机制,根据目标颜色直方图相似度和形状变化信息运算目标变化程度,及时更新夜间人行道上行人目标模型,利用夜间视觉图像误差达到识别目的,将待识别行人图像当成期望图像,对同类运动物体进行注视跟踪,确保实时采样图像收敛于期望图像,由图像反馈以及物体运动自适应补偿构成控制律,完成夜间环境下行人目标的准确识别。仿真实验说明,所提方法可对夜间环境下人行道中行人目标进行准确识别,具有较高的识别效率和鲁棒性。     

基于模糊聚类和神经网络的医学图像分类

本文探讨了不同成像方式下医学图像的分类识别算法,提取了具有代表性的图像特征,如图像面积熵、灰度共生矩阵、图像细小纹理区域个数等,并通过设计模糊聚类、BP神经网络图像分类器,实现对CT图像、MR图像、X线图像及B超图像的分类。结果表明本文提出的分类器对医学图像的分类识别取得了一定的效果。     

非声学特征语音识别技术专利分析

语音不仅可以听见还可以看见。可视语音识别是根据图像特征来识别说话的内容。视觉和听觉的结合比其他单独的感官感知的信息都要多。本文基于CNABS和SIPOABS数据库,通过检索、筛选、统计和分析国内外在1982年之后申请的与非声学特征相关的发明和实用新型专利,梳理了在新时代下非声学特征语音识别技术的发展,同时,对语音识别领域的专利和重要申请人进行了分析。     

The effects of transport by pneumatic tube system on blood cell count,erythrocyte sedimentation and coagulation tests

Introduction:

Today, the pneumatic tube transport system (PTS) is used frequently because of its advantages related to timing and speed. However, the impact of various types of PTS on blood components is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PTS on the quality of routine blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and certain blood coagulation tests.

Materials and methods:

Paired blood samples were obtained from each of 45 human volunteers and evaluated by blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests, including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Blood samples were divided into 2 groups: Samples from group 1 were transported to the laboratory via the PTS, and samples from group 2 were transported to the laboratory manually. Both groups were evaluated immediately by the tests listed above.

Results:

The blood sample test results from groups 1 and 2 were evaluated and compared. No statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.069–0.977).

Conclusion:

The PTS yielded no observable effects on blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, or PT and aPTT test results. We concluded that the PTS can be used to transport blood samples and yield reliable results for blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation, and several coagulation tests.     

血液对人体动脉组织的Ar~＋激光诱导荧光光谱的影响

本文测量了人的血清，血液，红血球溶液等多种样品的Ａｒ＋激光诱导的荧光光谱，指出在人体动脉的ＬＩＦ光谱中，红血球对荧光的吸收作用，在５００－７００ｎｍ波段，这种吸收是不均匀的，且在５４７，５８１ｎｍ处有最大的吸收，实验由计算机控制并进行采样和数据处理。     

Microfluidic-based measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate for biophysical assessment of blood in an in vivo malaria-infected mouse

This study suggests a new erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measurement method for the biophysical assessment of blood by using a microfluidic device. For an effective ESR measurement, a disposable syringe filled with blood is turned upside down and aligned at 180° with respect to gravitational direction. When the blood sample is delivered into the microfluidic device from the top position of the syringe, the hematocrit of blood flowing in the microfluidic channel decreases because the red blood cell-depleted region is increased from the top region of the syringe. The variation of hematocrit is evaluated by consecutively capturing images and conducting digital image processing technique for 10 min. The dynamic variation of ESR is quantitatively evaluated using two representative parameters, namely, time constant (λ) and ESR-area (A_ESR). To check the performance of the proposed method, blood samples with various ESR values are prepared by adding different concentrations of dextran solution. λ and A_ESR are quantitatively evaluated by using the proposed method and a conventional method, respectively. The proposed method can be used to measure ESR with superior reliability, compared with the conventional method. The proposed method can also be used to quantify ESR of blood collected from malaria-infected mouse under in vivo condition. To indirectly compare with the results obtained by the proposed method, the viscosity and velocity of the blood are measured using the microfluidic device. As a result, the biophysical properties, including ESR and viscosity of blood, are significantly influenced by the parasitemia level. These experimental demonstrations support the notion that the proposed method is capable of effectively monitoring the biophysical properties of blood.     

Evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetes mellitus

There was increase in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in red blood cells (RBC's), white blood cells (WBC's) and plasma, in 30 patients of confirmed diabetes mellitus, 10 each of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type I), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM or type II) and diabetes with ketoacidosis when compared with 20 healthy individuals (controls). Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c%, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol levels were also elevated in all the cases when compared with controls. The increase was more in diabetic ketoacidosis group. Significant positive correlations were seen between erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and ADA activities in RBC's, WBC's and plasma. It is suggested that decreased tissue adenosine levels due to increase in ADA activity, is related to the severity of hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus.     

Perturbations in Blood Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin Fatty Acid Composition in a Sample Population of Cigarette Smokers

Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (AA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), major components of brain tissue and neural systems, and the precursors of a number of biologically active metabolites with functions in inflammation resolution, neuroprotection and other actions. As PUFAs are highly susceptible to peroxidation, we hypothesised whether cigarette smokers would present altered PUFAs levels in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Adult males from Indian, Sri-Lankan or Bangladeshi genetic backgrounds who reported smoking between 20 and 60 cigarettes per week were recruited. The control group consisted of matched non-smokers. A blood sample was taken, plasma and erythrocyte total lipids were extracted, phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the fatty acid content analysed by gas chromatography. In smokers, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, the AA precursor, was significantly reduced in plasma and erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine. AA and DHA were significantly reduced in erythrocyte sphingomyelin. Relatively short term smoking has affected the fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids with functions in neural tissue composition, cell signalling, cell growth, intracellular trafficking, neuroprotection and inflammation, in a relatively young population. As lipid peroxidation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, early effects of smoking may be relevant for the development of such conditions.     

Whole blood pumping with a microthrottle pump

We have previously reported that microthrottle pumps (MTPs) display the capacity to pump solid phase suspensions such as polystyrene beads which prove challenging to most microfluidic pumps. In this paper we report employing a linear microthrottle pump (LMTP) to pump whole, undiluted, anticoagulated, human venous blood at 200 μl min(-1) with minimal erythrocyte lysis and no observed pump blockage. LMTPs are particularly well suited to particle suspension transport by virtue of their relatively unimpeded internal flow-path. Micropumping of whole blood represents a rigorous real-world test of cell suspension transport given blood's high cell content by volume and erythrocytes' relative fragility. A modification of the standard Drabkin method and its validation to spectrophotometrically quantify low levels of erythrocyte lysis by hemoglobin release is also reported. Erythrocyte lysis rates resulting from transport via LMTP are determined to be below one cell in 500 at a pumping rate of 102 μl min(-1).     

Hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzymes, Na+−K+-ATPase in erythrocytes of type 2 diabetic patients in andhra pradesh

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxides and erythrocyte Na⁺−K⁺ ATPase, Mg²⁺ATPase and antioxidant enzymes were measured in type-2 diabetic patients. A significant decrease in Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity was observed in diabetic patients which was negatively correlated with blood glucose and lipid peroxides, while the Mg²⁺-ATPase activity was increased. In the diabetic subjects the plasma concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ were increased where as erythrocyte levels of Na⁺ were increased and K⁺ were decreased. Hyperlipidaemia and increased levels of lipid peroxides were observed in the diabetic subjects. There was a significant increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in diabetics which positively correlated with their lipid peroxides. There was no change in GPx activities between controls and diabetics.     

Seasonal variations in markers of stress and oxidative stress in rats

High ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant defence in transition dairy cows. It is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, European hedgehog and human volunteers. High levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in rats. Although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries maintain animals in air-conditioned rooms at constant temperature, the same is not true of animal houses in the developing countries especially those belonging to smaller institutions and this could affect the results of the experiments being conducted on these animals. The present research study was done to assess the effects of seasonal variations on the status of erythrocyte oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and plasma cortisol levels in adult female Wistar rats. Rats were kept in their home cages and were left in non-air-conditioned procedure rooms in two different seasons, Hot season (March-May) and Cool season (June to September). Erythrocyte Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased in rats exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season as compared to the rats of the cool season. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in the hot season group of rats. The results of our experiments showed that exposure of adult female Wistar rats to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season increases neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant defence in them.     

Hypomagnesaemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: A study on the status of oxidative and nitrosative stress

This study was undertaken to evaluate the levels of plasma magnesium, lipid peroxides, nitric oxide end products, erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxides, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. 60 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Among 60 type-2 diabetic patients, 30 patients were without complication and 30 patients were with various complications. Decreased levels of plasma magnesium, erythrocyte reduced glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity while increased levels of plasma lipid peroxides, nitric oxide end products and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxides were observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. We propose that, under the shadow of hypomagnesaemia, there is excessive production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species as reflected by elevated lipid peroxides and nitric oxide end products concomitant with dwindled antioxidants and suggest their association with late complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus.     

Comparison between erythrocyte hemoglobin and spectrin glycosylation and role of oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus

New findings on organization of blood cell cytoskeleton represent an exciting aspect of modem cell biology and hematology, which is an interesting investigation to study diabetes. The present study was undertaken in 150 subjects. Out of these, 30 subjects were controls (Group I) and 30 were type-2 diabetics without any complication (Group II), while remaining 90 subjects were type-2 diabetics with complication (Group III). We determined erythrocyte spectrin and hemoglobin glycosylation and also estimated plasma lipid peroxide, nitric oxide and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity to assess the status of oxidative stress. There was a significant increase in spectrin (P<0.001) and hemoglobin (P<0.001) glycosylation in Group II and III as compared to Group I and spectrin glycosylation was nearly three times more as compared to hemoglobin, whereas plasma levels of lipid peroxide (P<0.001) as well as nitric oxide (P<0.001) were found to be significantly increased and GPx activity (P<0.001) was significantly decreased in Group II and III as compared to Group I. However, it was also observed that spectrin (P>0.05) and hemoglobin (P>0.05) glycosylation was not significantly different in Group II and III. In contrast, there was significant rise in lipid peroxide (P<0.001), nitric oxide (P<0.001) and fall in GPx activity (P<0.001) in Group III when compared to Group II. Increased erythrocyte protein glycosylation and oxidative stress is clearly evident from our study. However, to understand the exact interplay between these two mechanisms, further studies are required.