香港传记文学的高潮与低潮

香港传记文学是中国传记文学的重要组成部分。文章分析了20世纪香港传记文学兴旺的原因,并探讨了21世纪香港传记文学出现低潮的因由。     

90年代企业家传记文学概观

90年代企业家传记文学呈现出多元化的艺术格局,形成了以下三段创作潮流：（1）。爱国的民族资本实业家传记文学;（2）港澳台及海外实业家传记文学;（3）内地当代企业家传记文学。该文探究了企业家传记文学蔚为大观的原因,并对桑运康的《荣氏家族》和夏萍的《李嘉城传》、《曾宪梓传》做了一番评述。     

传记文学的缺失与重建

进入21世纪中国传记文学的发展和走向不令人乐观，旧时的传记文学、外国的传记文学、当今的传记文学纷纷出版,共同构成了今天传记文学的虚假繁荣。追溯当今传记文学不能真正繁荣的根本原因有三：一、缺“小”选“大”,二、光环效应,三、独立意识缺失，这就需要我们克服缺失,而重建独立意识,重建人文精神、民族精神,传记文学承担着比其他文学更沉重的历史责任。     

中国新时期传记文学选评

中国是传记文学大国，历史悠久，佳作很多。进入新时期以来，传记文学更得到蓬勃发展，不但数量空前，而且名篇迭出。但是，传记文学的评论相对较少。为此，笔者特选择了三篇写音乐家、美术家、政治家的传记文学作品进行分析研究，希望对21世纪的传记文学的发展提供一些有益的借鉴。     

高中传记文学作品教学探究

传记文学是一个专门的题材,历年来高中课本中都有相关的作品,在新课改后,传记文学所占的内容增加了一些,由此可见,传记文学日渐被重视起来。从传记文学内容的真实性和人物性格鲜明化出发,落脚于传记文学作品的教学策略,主要是从赏析传主的形象性格、注重典型的细节描写、在相似的作品中比较学习三个方面来对传记文学作品进行研究。     

论朱东润的传记文学结构美学观

朱东润在传记文学领域各个方面都有着卓越的贡献。而关于其在传记文学结构美学方面研究,却常常被人忽视其价值。文章旨在通过对朱东润传记文学理论的梳理,来认识朱东润对于传记文学结构美学的贡献。主要从三个方面进行理论的阐释和进一步的厘清：传主与时代的关系,传主与文章的篇制的关系,以及＂颊上三毫＂的辩证法。     

王蓬传记文学特色与价值

王蓬的传记文学作品具有鲜明的特色：一、集中地将在大西北生活或曾经生活过的20位传主的生存状态及命运遭际艺术地展示给人们;二、对真实性品格的勉力追求;三、在时代潮汐的涌动中展示传主命运,揭示传主性格;四、多样化的艺术传达方式;五、丰厚的文化底蕴。王蓬的传记文学作品具有存史价值、认识价值、文化价值与审美价值。     

中国现代传记文学的土壤根基--现代传记文学的民族特色研究之一

中国深厚的传记文化积淀是中国现代传记文学赖以生成的土壤根基.<春秋>的编年体叙述和"春秋笔法"、"微言大义"等修辞性叙事方法,<战国策>的虚构性,<晏子春秋>的戏剧性,<史记>的情感色彩等对现代传记文学都有所启迪.唐宋时期的自传或自嘲自适,或讥世抒怀,对现代的自传文学创作也有重要的影响.明、清之后,中国传记文学逐渐从依附于史转向独立于文.另外,刘勰、刘知几、章学诚等有关传记创作的论述是中国传统传记文学的理论资源.上述这些后来都成为中国现代传记文学的民族文化烙印.     

传记文学的新境界

第四届中国传记文学优秀作品奖已经揭晓。这次获奖的12部(篇)作品集中体现出近五年来传记文学创作的整体态势,代表了我国传记文学创作的新境界及新水平。     

全展《传记文学:阐释与批评》即将出版

本刊讯中国传记文学学会理事、中外传记文学研究会理事、荆楚理工学院文学院教授全展的《传记文学:阐释与批评》,即将由湖北人民出版社出版。这部论文集是从全展23年来研究传记文学的40余篇文章中精选出来的,分为“理论阐释”、“现状研究”、“文本批评”三辑;附录“《中国当代传记文学概观》评论小辑”,则收入国内知名专家教授对全展专著的8篇评论。北京大学世界传记中心主任、中外传记文学研究会会长赵白生教授为之作序。全展《传记文学:阐释与批评》即将出版     

中国东部沿海地区义务教育阶段城乡课堂环境差异

Totally 789 students from 18 schools (9 primary schools and 9 junior high schools) at a medium managed level from Shanghai, Wenzhou, and Aojiang, which are located in the Eastern coastal developed areas of China were investigated with the questionnaire of Hong Kong Classroom Environment Scale in this study. The result indicates that the actual classroom environment in the Eastern coastal developed areas at the present stage of curriculum reform is as follows. (1) The satisfaction of the students is above the average. Teachers’ involvement and support are higher than collaboration, classroom order and the student involvement. (2) There are significant differences between urban and rural areas. The big cities are better than the middle-sized cities, while the latter are better than the counties in the aspects of collaboration, teacher involvement and support. The big cities are better than counties, but the counties are better than the middle-sized cities in the aspects of classroom order and student involvement. (3) The three main types of the actual classroom environment are high, middle and low ones, which distribute in a descending way in big cities, middle-sized cities and counties. (4) Per capita GDP of a region is a main factor affecting classroom environment. __________ Translated from Jiaoyu Xuebao 教育学报(Journal of Educational Studies), 2007, 3(3): 77–85     

Perceptions of Botswana primary teacher educators on selected teaching skills

This study investigates the levels of confidence of several categories of educators in some selected teaching skills. The educator categories comprise of primary school teachers, tutors at the Primary Colleges of Education, education officers and unqualified teachers in the colleges' catchment areas. The results are based on a questionnaire survey involving 504 educators. The educators are seen to influence to some extent the outcomes of the preservice training of teachers at the Primary Colleges in Botswana. The findings firstly suggest that about one-third of the respondents are not at all satisfied with teaching. The majority of education officers and principals of schools are the ones satisfied with their jobs. These differences among educator categories are statistically significant. Secondly, the analysis by location, rank and experience of the educators shows several trends. The analysis by location shows that educators in the urban setting are more confident in the selected skills than those from the rural areas. However, these differences are constant but not significant. The results by rank suggest the education officer respondents as being the most confident group. The college tutors and primary school teachers are more confident than the last category of unqualified teachers. The Pearson chi-square values for the analysis by rank suggest that these differences are significant. The results consistently show that longer experience in years does not lead to higher levels of confidence. The findings are also consistent in showing that there is a drop in levels of confidence with experience of twenty-six years and more. The paper discusses the implications of these results for professional skills training within the primary college catchment areas.     

Two approaches to the handling of child abuse: A comparison of the English and Dutch systems

The legal and administrative systems for handling child abuse cases in England and The Netherlands are briefly described and it is argued that the two systems illustrate respectively the “legal” and “medical” models. The implications for this in practice are contrasted. In England the stress is on careful adherence to criteria for abuse, on procedures for placing children's names on child abuse registers, and removing them if they are no longer at risk, while in The Netherlands the stress is on family need with the abusive incident being regarded as no more than a signal that help is needed. This allows a much wider definition of abuse. In England sexual and emotional abuse are still relatively rarely used as grounds for intervention whereas in the Netherlands concepts such as “cognitive abuse” and “sexual neglect” are gaining currency. Other implications of the models such as differences in attitudes to confidentiality and public attitudes to authority and to seeking help are considered, as are the consequences for incidence figures. The handling of two cases with very similar circumstances are compared. Finally, it is argued that while each system might present the other with new ideas, the systems have to be seen in the social context of the two countries and neither system is likely to appear superior to professionals in the other country.     

Synthesis and properties of hyper-dispersants

The synthesis and properties of three kinds of hyper-dispersants are studied in this paper, which are non-terminated, carboxyl-terminated and polyethylene imine grafted poly(hydroxyl carboxylic acid) ester. The hyper-dispersants are synthesized by the materials of 12-hydroxy-stearic acid, stearic acid and polyethylene imine, which are used to improve the dispersion properties of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) in low-concentration resin solution system. The influences of hyper-dispersants on the viscosity and stability of the system are studied. It is found that polyethylene imine grafted hyper-dispersant has the best dispersion performance in nano-TiO₂ dispersion system, and the optimal content of the hyper-dispersant is 4%. Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines (Grant No.T0105), and the Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Donghua University), Ministry of Education of China     

空心三元PdPtCu纳米材料的制备及其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能研究

采用诱导法制备空心三元PdPtCu纳米材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并在碱性条件下测试其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能。结果表明,以氧化铜为诱导剂制备的三元PdPtCu纳米材料主要呈空心结构,且其形貌和组成可控;Pd₃Pt@Cu,PdPt@Cu和PdPt₃@Cu三种材料的质量电流密度分别为8 510 A·g^-1,9 270 A·g^-1和5 490 A·g^-1,无论是质量活性还是稳定性,均明显优于商业Pd/C和商业Pt/C催化剂。     

Preadolescent perceptions of challenging and difficult course activities and their motivational distinctions

The present research sought to determine if primary school students differentiate between classes that are challenging and those that are difficult, and how these distinctions relate to their motivation and achievement. Results indicated that there are three types of challenges/difficulties. Challenging classes are those that are demanding of the students but within their ability, are important and are tied to interests; students in these classes are more likely to adopt mastery goal orientations. Purely difficult classes are not valued, require a lot of effort, but are threatening to students’ efficacy. Classes that are difficult compared to others are those that are more demanding for the student than other students or other classes. These classes are not valued and are also seen as a threat to efficacy. Both purely difficult and difficult compared to others classes were negatively related to achievement, and students in these classes are more likely to adopt performance avoidance goal orientations.     

论福建商人

福建商人中最有影响的是闽南商帮，福州商帮，兴化商帮，此外还有龙岩，汀州，永安，福安，延平，闽清，永泰等地商帮，其兴盛原因各异。福建商人的特点如下：从商历史悠久，人数众多；以血缘为核心，以家庭为凝聚力，不同区域的商人特点不同；商人有着独特地位。     

辽代金银器的特征及造型艺术

历史文物的发展演变有其自身特有的规律,不能简单等同于历史分期。在研究、比较大量实物的基础上,根据辽代金银器的造型、纹饰题材、装饰手法、制作工艺及艺术风格的演变,重新对其分期作了界定,并在此基础上对辽代金银器的特征、造型艺术等作了新的探讨。辽代金银器的器形、纹饰和工艺,在吸收唐文化、西方文化、宋文化的基础上形成独特的风格,从第一期到第三期有演变发展过程。第一期的器形种类多,纹饰繁缛,工艺精湛;第二期的器形没有第一期的丰富,纹饰也变得简单,有新增工艺;第三期的器形比较单一,纹饰风格变化大,工艺得以完善。     

Diversity and inclusivity at university: a survey of the experiences of lesbian,gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) students in the UK

The extent to which UK universities are ‘gay friendly’ has received some attention in the press. Whilst there are a number of published studies exploring campus climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) students and/or staff, these are primarily localised studies undertaken in State Universities and Baccalaureate Colleges in the US. The present study is a nationwide UK study of campus climate, based on survey data collected from a sample of 291 LGBT students from 42 universities across the UK. The findings show that despite the increased implementation of an equality agenda (e.g. equal access; widening participation) in UK Higher Education, homophobia on campus is still a significant problem and therefore universities are not perceived nor experienced by LGBT students as ‘safe spaces’ in which to be open about sexual orientation/gender identity. The implications of the findings for university policy and practice in relation to LGBT (and indeed all) students is also explored.     

The Role of Agricultural Consultants in New Zealand in Environmental Extension

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the role that agricultural consultants in New Zealand were undertaking in the Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) system—and in particular in relation to environmental extension. New Zealand does not have a public extension service and hence there is a strong reliance on consultants and regional councils for environmental management information and advice. As they are independent of the formal RD&E system there is no guarantee that RD&E outcomes are reaching farmers, nor that effective environmental extension is occurring. The study used a combination of case studies, phone interviews with informed persons and a national web survey to explore the role of the consultant. The study found that agricultural consultants are playing an important role in working with farmers to improve agricultural production. There are, however, indications that gaps have developed over time between agricultural consultants and the agricultural research sector which limit the effectiveness of the RD&E system. Agricultural consultants are playing a minimal role in proactive environmental extension because insufficient market forces are driving this role. The paper suggests that a national database of agricultural consultants could improve the flow of tailored information between research and agricultural consultants and also suggests mechanisms where consultants could be better integrated into the RD&E system and provide feedback to research programs. Market failure in the area of environmental extension could be addressed by publicly funded incentive programs.