郴州市学校体育场地开放现状的调查研究

通过文献资料、问卷调查、座谈等研究方法,对郴州市11个县(市、区)的40所学校体育场地的开放情况进行调查,结果表明:学校体育场地设施在保证正常的教学前提下,课余时间向本校学生和周边广大居民开放,使之发挥更大的作用,从而可以缓解全民健身活动中体育场地设施不足的矛盾,促进学校体育和社会体育和谐发展.     

Test Score or Student Progress? A Value-Added Evaluation of School Effectiveness in Urban China

Outcome-oriented evaluation of school effectiveness is often based on student test scores in certain critical examinations. This study provides another method of evaluation—value-added—which is based on student achievement progress. This paper introduces the method of estimating the value-added score of schools in multi-level models. Based on longitudinal student achievement data, two measures of school effectiveness in one local education authority in China are compared. It is found that the between-school difference in both test-score and value-added is large comparable with that of Western countries. The results of the two measures of school effectiveness are highly different. The value-added measures lack consistency across different subject areas within schools while the test score measures are highly correlated between subjects. Teachers show their preference for value-added measures over test-score measures of education quality. It is suggested that value-added measures of school effectiveness should be used as a complement to rather than a substitute for test-score measures. The shortcomings of value-added approach are also discussed.     

教育是否促进了中国公民的政治选举投票参与-来自CGSS 2006调查数据的证据

在中国的政治民主化进程和公民社会建设过程中,公民的政治参与是个重要问题。理论研究表明,作为教育的非货币收益之一,公民教育程度的提高有助于促进政治参与程度,但是针对中国的经验研究还相当少。基于政治社会化理论,本文利用全国性调查数据,研究了学校教育在公民政治选举投票参与中的作用。研究发现,学校教育和政治选举投票参与行为之间具有显著的负相关关系。针对可能存在的内生性进行的工具变量估计以及稳健性检验表明,上述结果并没有显著发生变化。本文从学校教育在政治社会化过程中的作用以及选举制度两方面对上述结论进行了进一步的讨论。     

国民能力建设与教育制度创新

本文论述了国民能力建设的重要地位和基本内涵 ,以及中国国民能力建设面临的国情特点、机遇和挑战 ;在分析中国教育发展现状的基础上 ,提出了基础能力、核心能力、职业 (岗位 )能力在学校教育、职业培训和终身教育中的要求 ,以及与此相关的教育教学体系的调整和改革的方向 ;论述了教育制度创新在国民能力建设中的作用 ,提出了教育管理制度、选拔制度、培养制度、合作办学制度、多种证书制度等制度创新的主要内容。     

How effective is parental prosecution as a method of improving school attendance among primary‐aged children?

Just under half a million children and young people in state schools in England miss school every day. Indeed, improving school attendance has remained a key aim for successive governments. Various strategies have been adopted at both national and local levels in an attempt to tackle the persistent issue of school attendance with varying degrees of success. This study explores the effectiveness of one of those strategies – that of parental prosecutions – as a means of improving children and young people's school attendance. It reports on the effectiveness of parental prosecutions while highlighting some of the emerging patterns among a cohort of those prosecuted within one local authority during one academic year.     

Inter-method reliability of school effectiveness measures: a comparison of value-added and regression discontinuity estimates

Value-added (VA) measures are currently the predominant approach used to compare the effectiveness of schools. Recent educational effectiveness research, however, has developed alternative approaches including the regression discontinuity (RD) design, which also allows estimation of absolute school effects. Initial research suggests RD is a viable approach to measuring school effectiveness. The present study builds on this pioneering work by using RD and VA designs to estimate school effects at system and school level, comparing estimates from several measurement designs. The study uses a large English dataset (N = 148,135) spanning 342 schools, 10 local authorities, 6 consecutive school year groups (UK Years 3–9) across 3 years. RD is found to be a suitable approach for system-level absolute school effect estimates. Cross-sectional and longitudinal measures are found to lead to markedly different estimates when comparing individual schools. The results also reinforce the need to treat measures based on a single cohort with extreme caution.     

试论中世纪西欧的罗马法复兴运动

12世纪前后的罗马法复兴是当时社会经济变革的反映,从主观上讲,罗马法本身的内容和立法技术符合时代的要求,显示出它的成熟性。客观上,它迎合了城市兴起后市民阶层要求明确和保护私有产权,以规范多元的城市经济生活的愿望。其中的注释法、评论法和人文主义法学派,从各自不同角度对罗马法进行了系统的研究与传播,促进了西欧各国建立统一的法律体系,以取代各种封建法规,维护民族国家的主权。     

The Evaluation of an INSET Model for Gwent Primary Schools

The paper describes a cyclical model for the identification of training and staff development needs within a local education authority. The features of the model include local representation of school staff, prioritisation of needs and the evaluation of training effectiveness in schools. Evaluation of the model suggests that it is more effective than previous strategies at determining school based needs and responding to those needs. The INSET courses designed using this model appear to result in more frequent school based developments than did previous models of INSET provision.     

School inspections in low- and middle-income countries: Explaining impact and mechanisms of impact

Many efforts to implement and improve school inspections have been modelled on examples from high-income countries, and many studies on the effectiveness of such systems have also only been carried out in these countries. However, local contexts in low- and middle-income countries are very different from those in developed countries, and findings about the effectiveness of school inspections from Western studies are therefore not easily transferable to low- and middle-income countries. Existing literature portrays complex and varied links amongst governance context, policy, design of accountability systems, mechanisms of impact and school outcomes that make translation of conditions across studies challenging. This paper presents the results of a systematic review about the conditions under which school inspections lead to improvement in schools and to positive learning outcomes for schoolchildren in low- and middle-income countries, especially the poorest and most marginalised.     

Local management of schools in England: Results after six years

This paper reviews the evidence on the impact of six years of local management of schools in England. Introduced into all parts of the UK except Scotland, as one of the key measures in the Education Reform Act (1988), local management of schools is a particular and limited version of the school‐based management (SBM) model. The paper starts by considering the theoretical basis for the links between SBM and local management on the one hand, and improved school performance in terms of educational outcomes on the other. It then reviews evidence on the impact of local management at the level of the school system, on school management, and against the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and equity. The findings of research on the impact of local management, in particular the lack of firm evidence of consequential improved educational outcomes for pupils, is then interpreted in terms of the theoretical basis of local management.     

从高职入口看我国高等职业教育改革

我国现有高职入口模式“门槛高”、“面向窄”，不适应职业教育的发展方向。我们要改革高职入口模式，坚持以考查职业技能为主，面向全民，建立相关改革配套措施，推动全民职业素质的提高。     

论政治文明视域下学校德育发展路向的调整

政治文明建设的发展必然伴随着政治民主化社会的出现,其实质是民主政治．其根基是公民社会。就中国来说,公民社会是与传统的“臣民社会”和“威权社会”不同的社会,要求培养公民的政治文化,养成政治民主精神,形成公民意识,提高公民素质,因此学校德育必须做出适时的调整,在不否定政治意识形态功能的同时更趋向于强化育人、协调和发展等功能;同时将形成并推崇“主体一发展性”德育。     

试论网络环境下的公民政治参与

网络的发展对我国当前公民政治参与产生了积极的影响。它改善了公民政治参与的技术手段,拓宽了公民政治参与的渠道,提高了公民的参政质量。但是我们也应当看到,在网络环境中公民的政治参与从思想认识到具体实践等方面还存在着一些问题,需要我们及时总结经验,不断完善、创新。     

Principals’ Coordinating Strategies and School Effectiveness 1

This paper examines the relationship between strategies used by principals to coordinate organizational activities and school effectiveness. The dominant view of effective principals suggests that they generally emphasize those tasks which are directly related to teaching and learning and assert influence and authority surrounding these tasks to coordinate instructional programs. Attention has also been placed in the effectiveness literature on the importance of developing a shared sense of direction to achieve coordination and effectiveness. The results of a study of elementary school principals in community schools in Israel suggest that principals' roles in framing school goals, that is, establishing a clear mission, are more instrumental in establishing school effectiveness than are the emphases of traditional areas which have been associated with school effectiveness.

     

地方高等院校教学工作评估的反思与建议

第一轮高校评估对地方高校进一步明确办学指导思想和教学工作思路、提升对本科教学中心地位的认识、改善办学条件、规范教学管理以及总结和凝练本科教学的传统和特色等方面起到了重要作用;同时存在没有充分发挥被评地方高校积极性、分类指导不够、效益不高以及过分强调结果等不足。建议对地方高等院校的评估应尊重被评学校的意见,分类指导,注重办学效益评价,最终引导地方高校通过评估建立和完善内部教学质量保障体系。     

宪法与公民基本权利的保障

宪法最本质的内容是保障公民基本权利。为了保障公民基本权利 ,才对国家权力实施控制 ,才有所谓“限权政府”。在历史上 ,宪法产生于保障公民基本权利的需要。宪法的发展和成熟意味着公民基本权利保障的完善 ,而公民权利的保障质量是宪法发展程度的标志。在逻辑上 ,公民基本权利的保障也是衡量一切宪法价值包括自由、效率、秩序的基本尺度。依宪治国 ,进一步推进中国社会主义法治 ,应将保障公民基本权利作为基本的出发点     

Pennies from heaven? Using exogenous tax variation to identify effects of school resources on pupil achievement

Evidence on the effectiveness of school inputs remains inconclusive, partly due to the challenge of identification as families sort themselves into school districts and resources are potentially allocated to compensate (or reinforce) differences in pupil abilities. Using variation in school resources induced by the location of waterfalls in Norway, we examine the effect of school expenditures on pupil performance at age 16. Higher school expenditures, triggered by higher revenues from local taxes on hydropower plants, have a significantly positive effect on pupil performance. This positive IV estimate contrasts a zero effect based on least squares. A downward biased estimate using a standard cross section estimator is expected in a context of compensating resource allocation across educational units.     

Cross‐level Relationships within Effective Schools

In this paper the focus is placed on cross‐level relationships within effective schools in secondary education in the Netherlands. Three hypotheses have been formulated. The outcomes related to the contingency hypothesis make clear that the managerial capacities of schools in secondary education are of great importance with respect to the effectiveness of schools, especially when a school's position gets under pressure at the local (student) market.

Results show the affirmation of a congruency hypothesis with respect to the extent of production orientation of management and teaching staff, and the overall congruence of school and classroom policy. Results of contextual hypothesis suggest that the average intelligence of the school population exerts no effect on school careers in general or on careers of low/high intelligent pupils in particular. However, a school environment with a relatively low average socio‐economic status is positively associated with the school careers of pupils from families with low socio‐economic status. No positive effects are found regarding school careers in general, or ethnic minority careers in particular, when the number of ethnic minority pupils was increasing.     

Teacher Evaluation, Teacher Effectiveness and School Effectiveness: Perspectives from the USA

This article provides historical overviews of the conceptual and research and development focus of teacher evaluation, teacher effectiveness and school effectiveness research in the USA. Pertinent literature is cited and arguments are made that these lines of inquiry have coexisted for nearly four without adequate integration. With the fourth stage of school effectiveness research in process, there is a recognition that within school context variables, particularly teacher effectiveness, have important effects on school improvement and school outcomes. Similarly, there is the recognition that findings from school effectiveness research have relevance for studies of teacher effectiveness and ongoing developments in teacher evaluation. Examples of: (a) new generation, learner-centered teacher evaluation systems in the USA that are informed by teacher and school effectiveness research; and (b) the fourth stage of school effectiveness research are described. It is proposed that these lines of research should be merged as completely as possible.     

Stichwort: Schuleffektivitätskriterien in der internationalen empirischen Forschung

This review summarizes international empirical studies on criteria for school effectiveness between 1995-2004. The data comes from a special study on this topic for the Dutch school inspectorate and has been re-analyzed for this contribution. In the first section of the paper, effectiveness criteria are reviewed with regard to their role in theoretical models of school effectiveness research. In the second section, empirical studies concerned with school and classroom effectiveness are reviewed with a focus on the effectiveness criteria, which are applied. The results show that the range of criteria is small. Especially regarding school effectiveness there is a tendency towards using pupils’ achievement in school subjects as effectiveness criteria. School factors were mainly investigated using national or regional survey data. The third section of the paper deals with perspectives for future research on school effectiveness, suggesting a broader set of effectiveness criteria.