中国城镇居民生活能源消费影响因素及其效应分析——基于八区域的静态面板数据模型

探究城镇居民生活能源消费的影响因素可为引导城镇居民生活能源合理消费提供依据。本文以中国八大区域为研究对象,建立静态面板数据模型挖掘2000-2013年节能政策、居民实际消费支出、能源价格对城镇居民生活能耗的影响。研究结果显示：城镇居民生活能耗与居民实际消费支出、能源价格、节能政策之间存在长期协整关系;能源价格对城镇居民生活能耗的影响最大,且具有显著负向作用,而实际消费支出对生活能耗具有显著正向作用,但城镇居民生活能源消费增长速度小于实际消费支出增长速度;节能政策的滞后期为2年,即政策颁布2年后对生活能耗具有一定抑制作用但该作用较小;由于经济发展水平及环境气候引起的居民取暖制冷需求的不同,节能政策、实际消费支出、能源价格对于生活能耗的影响呈现出显著的空间差异。由此建议：应通过调整居民实际消费支出结构、适当提高能源价格、加强节能政策的宣传与执行等方式降低生活能耗。     

中国城镇居民生活能源消费影响因素及其效应分析——基于八区域的静态面板数据模型

探究城镇居民生活能源消费的影响因素可为引导城镇居民生活能源合理消费提供依据。本文以中国八大区域为研究对象,建立静态面板数据模型挖掘2000-2013年节能政策、居民实际消费支出、能源价格对城镇居民生活能耗的影响。研究结果显示:城镇居民生活能耗与居民实际消费支出、能源价格、节能政策之间存在长期协整关系;能源价格对城镇居民生活能耗的影响最大,且具有显著负向作用,而实际消费支出对生活能耗具有显著正向作用,但城镇居民生活能源消费增长速度小于实际消费支出增长速度;节能政策的滞后期为2年,即政策颁布2年后对生活能耗具有一定抑制作用但该作用较小;由于经济发展水平及环境气候引起的居民取暖制冷需求的不同,节能政策、实际消费支出、能源价格对于生活能耗的影响呈现出显著的空间差异。由此建议:应通过调整居民实际消费支出结构、适当提高能源价格、加强节能政策的宣传与执行等方式降低生活能耗。     

消费物价上涨并未降低城镇居民福利

摘要：本文利用我国近二三十年来的人均可支配收入、人均消费支出以及消费物价指数,通过协整分析和建立误差修正模型,模拟了我国城镇居民的效用函数;在考虑消费物价快速上涨和人均可支配收入的不断提高的背景下,采用等价性变化、补偿性变化以及消费者剩余变化,衡量了城镇居民的福利水平变动。本文不仅将城镇居民的福利水平定量化,而且还得出了一些重要结论：虽然单纯的物价上涨减少了城镇居民福利,单纯的可支配收入上升增加了城镇居民福利,但2007年在2006年基础上的消费物价上涨和可支配收入增加并未降低城镇居民福利。     

基于多区域投入产出模型的国际贸易隐含能源及碳排放转移研究

随着全球生产链的形成以及生产与消费活动的跨国界分隔,国际贸易的快速发展对各国的能源消耗和碳排放会产生重要影响。本文运用MRIO模型测算了1995-2009年国际贸易中的隐含能源和碳排放。结果表明:(1)研究期间中国除燃气和新能源外均属于隐含能源净出口国,生产侧排放增加远超过消费侧排放增加,且前者增加的40%是为了满足国外需求,而消费侧排放增加仅16%来源于进口的增加;(2)研究期间主要发达经济体生产侧能耗和碳排放几乎没有变化,但消费侧能耗和碳排放却在逐渐增加,属于隐含能源和碳排放净进口国;新兴经济体的生产侧和消费侧能耗分别增加了81.7%和81.3%,且发达经济体消费引致的新兴经济体隐含能源和碳排放远大于后者消费引致的前者隐含能源和碳排放;(3)主要发达经济体的人均消费侧能耗和碳排放都远高于新兴经济体,而中国的人均消费侧能耗和碳排放水平都较低。     

基于消费函数模型的内蒙古城镇居民人均可支配收入对人均消费支出影响的分析研究

根据内蒙古2001年～2015年城镇居民人均消费支出与人均可支配收入的基本数据,采用一元线性回归模型对其回归分析,进而对内蒙古城镇居民人均消费支出与人均可支配收入之间的数量关系及变化趋势进行研究,以此来分析内蒙古城镇居民可支配收入对消费支出的影响。     

中国城镇居民完全能源消费的空间计量分析

中国正面临能源消费总量控制和碳减排的双重压力,合理引导和控制城镇居民能源消费至关重要.文章从地理特征和社会经济特征两个方面分别构建空间权重矩阵,建立空间计量模型来分析2008-2012年中国30个省域城镇居民完全能源消费的空间效应及其影响因素.研究表明:基于社会经济特征的经济距离权重空间计量模型能够较好地解释中国城镇居民完全能源消费的空间效应及其区域差异;中国城镇居民完全能源消费具有显著的正向空间相关性,且东部沿海地区形成了城镇居民完全能源消费的高-高集聚区;生活能源价格和城镇人口规模是城镇居民完全能源消费的重要影响因素,而又以生活能源价格的影响最大.因此,政府在进行政策制定时,需要针对不同区域采取差别化的能源政策,同时优化能源价格机制,积极引导居民绿色能源消费.     

中国交通发展的能源消费与对策研究

本文通过建立能源消费分解模型,对1980-2001年交通能耗的因子贡献进行了测算。结果表明,服务量的增长是能源消费增长的主要驱动力,同时运输结构的变化加剧了这种增长,过去实现的能耗强度降低不足以抑制能源消费的增加,而近年来能耗强度更显示出增加的趋势,交通石油消费增长趋势不可避免。需要综合规划与布局,促进交通的可持续发展。     

基于完全分解模型探究我国能源消费结构变化及驱动效应

运用完全分解模型,将2001～2015年我国能源消费变化的驱动效应分解为人口效应、收入效应、结构效应、能耗强度效应,并分析我国能源消费结构变化。研究发现:(1)三大产业能耗比重变化明显不同,第一、二、三产业能耗比重分别呈现逐年减少、先增加后减少、先减少后增加的态势。(2)收入效应和能耗强度效应分别对能源消费总量增加起正向和负向作用,对总效应的贡献率达到115.49%和-27.71%。(3)第二产业对收入效应、结构效应、能耗强度效应的贡献率分别为71.91%、108.97%、89.84%,远大于第一、三产业的贡献率。据此,提出应强化产业结构改善和技术进步运用、注重第二产业的高质量发展等。     

中国城市化进程中的居民家庭能源消费及碳排放研究

中国处于工业化快速发展阶段,能源消费和碳排放的增加是不可避免的.本文将居民家庭的能源消费分为直接和间接两部分,通过生活方式分析法测算了中国居民家庭的间接能源消费以及相应的碳排放量,研究了城乡居民家庭两部分能源消费的结构和变化趋势以及相对应的碳排放.结果表明:从2000年到2007年,城镇居民家庭的直接能耗和间接能耗都呈上升趋势,农村居民家庭的直接能耗逐年增加而间接能耗下降.在不考虑其他因素的前提下,一个农村居民转变为城市居民,将会增加能源消费量1085.26千克标煤.城镇和农村居民家庭的直接和间接能源消费结构反映了城乡居民生活水平的差异,从能源消费的变动趋势可以看出人们的消费行为逐渐由生存型消费转为发展型消费.家庭能源消费产生的碳排放总量也在逐年增长,2007年城镇居民家庭的直接能耗和间接能耗产生的碳排放量分别达到8535.04万吨和56678.76万吨,农村分别为6883.41万吨和8117.94万吨.在这种形式下,应当引导居民逐步向低碳的生活模式发展.     

状态转移下的城镇居民消费结构预测研究

在分析我国城镇居民家庭人均现金消费支出及其结构历史资料的基础之上,推算了2013-2020年城镇居民家庭人均现金支出。预测结果表明,2020年我国城镇居民家庭人均现金支出将突破32000元。进一步在状态空间模型的基础上,我们构建了专用的状态转移向量元素分解模型,并用其对支出总量进行分解,对我国城镇居民2013-2020年的消费支出结构情况进行了预测分析。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence