Loading sequence effects on dragload and downdrag for pile foundation

Negative skin friction （NSF） is one of the important problems when designing a pile foundation. How- ever, the influence of loading sequence on the dragload and downdrag for pile foundation is seldom studied. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model was established using FLAC3D. Compared with the results of model test, the established model could be used to study the NSF of pile foundation. The influencing factors were discussed in- cluding the length-diameter ratio of pile and the loading sequence of pile head load and surcharge. A case history was analyzed using FLAC3D. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is concluded that the dragload and downdrag are remarkably influenced by the loading sequence of pile head load and surcharge. The dragload and downdrag reach the maximum values under the condition of surcharge after pile head load.     

Dragload and Downdrag Performances of Inclined Pile Group Embedded in Consolidating Soil

The performance of inclined pile group embedded in consolidating soil under surcharge load was investigated by experiment in comparison with vertical pile group and single pile under the same conditions; dragload, downdrag, and layered soil settlement were measured. A three-dimensional numerical model was built via FLAC3D software, and verified by the experimental results. Influence factors, such as consolidation time, pile spacing, and pile tilt angle were analyzed. The results show that dragload of inclined pile group increases with the increase of consolidation time and pile spacing or the decrease of pile tilt angle. Downdrag of inclined pile group increases with the increase of consolidation time, pile spacing and pile tilt angle.     

A destructive field study on the behavior of piles under tension and compression

This paper involves a series of destructive full-scale load tests on long bored piles instrumented with strain gauges along the shafts, including two compression and two tension loading tests. The load-displacement response, axial force, skin friction, and the thresholds of the slip displacement for fully mobilizing the skin resistances in different soils are discussed. Moreover, the theoretical solution for estimating the pile tip settlement under compression was adopted to analyze the test results. It was found that the measured skin frictions for the piles under compression were about 6% to 42% higher than the estimated values of the cone penetration tests (CPTs), whereas the measured skin frictions in the uplift cases were about 16% to 50% smaller than the estimated values. In addition, the average limited skin frictions for the tension piles were about 0.36 to 0.78 times the average ultimate skin frictions for the piles under compression. It also can be indicated that the skin friction along the pile depth approached the limited state, and decreased from a peak value with increasing loads.     

砂土地基中静压桩桩端阻力分析

利用自主研制的大型土工试验装置,在考虑桩长和桩尖角度影响的情况下,开展了静压桩的沉桩以及静载荷试验,以研究试验过程中桩端阻力的变化规律。试验结果表明:沉桩过程中,桩端阻力随沉桩深度的增加而非线性增大,也随桩长和桩尖角度的增加而增大,沉桩深度为25D时,桩端阻力基本达到极值,同一沉桩深度处桩端阻力在沉桩阻力中的占比随桩长(20D~30D范围内)的增加而减小,随桩尖角度的增加而增大;静载荷试验过程中,桩端阻力随沉降量的增加而非线性增大,也随桩长和桩尖角度的增加而增大,同一沉降量处桩端阻力在桩顶荷载中的占比随桩长的增加而减小,随桩尖角度的增加而增大。     

Bearing Behaviors of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixed Pile

A series of investigations were conducted to study the bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of stiffened deep cement mixed (SDCM) pile. Laboratory tests including six specimens were conducted to investigate the frictional resistance between the concrete core and the cement soil. Two model piles and twenty-four full-scale piles were tested to examine the bearing behavior of single pile. Laboratory and model tests results indicate that the cohesive strength is large enough to ensure the interaction between core pile and the outer cement-soil. The full-scale test results show that the SDCM piles exhibit similar bearing behavior to bored and cast-in-place concrete piles. In general, with the rational composite structure the SDCM piles can transmit the applied load effectively, and due to the addition of the stiffer core, the SDCM piles possess high bearing capacity. Based on the findings of these experimental investigations and theoretical analysis, a practical design method is developed to predict the vertical bearing capacity of SDCM pile.     

受堆载超载影响下的桩基性状分析研究

地面大面积堆载超载常常使地基软弱土体产生侧向变形，从而挤压邻近桩基，因而对桩基上部的构筑物不利。将桩体等效成板桩，用梁单元模拟，以一现场试验为依据，章采用平面有限元分析了堆载超载影响下的相邻桩基性状。     

桩基负摩阻力群桩效应分析

论述了负摩阻力产生的条件及负摩阻力随桩基类型不同对桩基承载力和沉降的影响有所区别; 指出关于负摩阻力标准值计算的有关方法, 同时对负摩阻力在群桩效应下基桩的下拉荷载标准值的计算方法进行了探讨。     

小截面静压预制桩承载力预测及取值探讨

采用双曲线法、调整双曲线法和指数法对某小区住宅楼3根试验桩的静载试验结果进行单桩极限承载力预测，并将预测结果与理论计算结果进行对比，分析结果表明：盲目套用《建筑桩基技术规范》JGJ94-94中有关预制桩承载力指标来计算桩的极限承载力是不科学的，其指标也不适合小截面静压预制桩。结合桩基施工终压力和每延米压桩耗能的对比分析，表明桩的竖向极限承载力与终压力存在一定的比例关系但与压桩耗能不存在比例关系。     

空间钢构架混凝土承台的非线性有限元分析

基于ABAQUS大型有限元分析软件,建立了桩基厚承台非线性有限元分析模型．运用所建立的模型,对5个空间钢构架混凝土承台进行了非线性有限元分析,计算值与试验值吻合得较好,表明所建立的有限元计算模型可较好地模拟空间钢构架混凝土承台的性能;分析了空间钢构架混凝土承台内部完整的力流分布,探讨了空间钢构架混凝土承台的受力机理,为空间钢构架混凝土承台传力模型的建立提供了理论计算依据．在理论分析和以往研究的基础上,提出了空间钢构架混凝土承台的桁架模型．     

Bearing Capacity of Mixed Pile with Stiffness Core

To study load transfer mechanism and bearing capacity of a mixed pile with stiffness core (MPSC), which is formed by inserting a precast reinforced concrete pile (PRCP), in-situ tests involving MPSCs with different lengths, diameters, water cement ratios and PRCPs, cement mixed piles, and drilling hole piles, were carried out. Limit bearing capacities, load-settlement curves and stress distribution of MPSCs and mixed piles were obtained. The load transfer between cement soil and PRCP was analyzed by finite element method (FEM). Test results and FEM analysis show that an MPSC has fully utilized the big friction from a cement mixed pile and the high compressive strength from a PRCP which transfers outer top load into the inner cement soil, and that inserting a PRCP into a mixed pile changes the stress distribution of a mixed pile and improves frictional resistance between a mixed pile and soil. The length and the section area on PRCP of an MPSC both have an optimum value. Adopting MPSC is effective in improving the bearing capacity of soft soil ground.     

Effect of soil set-up on the capacity of jacked concrete pipe piles in mixed soils

The increase in capacity of displacement piles with time after installation is typically known as soil/pile set-up. A full-scale field test is carried out to observe the set-up effect for open-ended concrete pipe piles jacked into mixed soils. Both the total capacity and the average unit shaft resistance increase approximately linearly with logarithmic time. The average increase rate for unit shaft resistance is 44% per log cycle, while the average increase for total capacity is approximately 21%. A review on case histories for long-term set-up indicates an average set-up rate of approximately 40%. Based on this, the mechanism of pile set-up is discussed in detail and a three-phase model is suggested.     

路堤荷载下混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩工作特性研究

研究目的：研究混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩在路堤荷载下的荷载传递规律和变形控制机理。创新要点：评价路堤荷载下混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩的地基处理效果,测量混凝土芯的竖向应力变化规律和复合地基桩士荷载分担特点,并分析填土过程中混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的固结规律。研究方法：通过埋设沉降板、分层沉降管、测斜管、土压力盒、孔隙水压力计以及钢筋应力计,在路堤填筑过程中对混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基进行了长期现场试验。重要结论：1．混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的总沉降、工后沉降以及深层水平位移控制效果均较好,优于普通水泥土搅拌桩复合地基：2．混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的桩土应力比以及荷载分担比均大于普通水泥土搅拌桩复合地基,能有效减小土体表面的荷载量,对于控制沉降有一定的效果。3．在路堤这种柔性荷载作用下,混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩上部会出现一定的负摩擦阻力,存在一个“中性点”。4．混凝土芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的固结速率较快,能有效控制由于丰崮结引起的长期沉降。     

Influence of reaction piles on test pile response in a static load test

This work presents a new analytical method to analyze the influence of reaction piles on the test pile response in a static load test.In our method,the interactive effect between soil and pile is simulated using independent springs and the shear displacement method is adopted to analyze the influence of reaction piles on test pile response.Moreover,the influence of the sheltering effect between reaction piles and test pile on the test pile response is taken into account.Two cases are analyzed to verify the rationality and efficiency of the present method.This method can be easily extended to a nonlinear response of an influenced test pile embedded in a multilayered soil,and the validity is also demonstrated using centrifuge model tests and a computer program presented in the literature.The present analyses indicate that the proposed method will lead to an underestimation of the test pile settlement in a static load test if the influence of the presence of reaction piles on the test pile response is neglected.     

实验探究锥形POF的光功率的传输特性

通过实验研究了锥形聚合物光纤(POF)输出端光场强度分布呈现中心强、周边弱的模式分布特征,无论激光从大端输入、小端输出还是从小端输入、大端输出,都观察到小端的高阶模相对光强度明显低于大端,证明了锥形POF可以使大芯径POF和小芯径石英光纤的过渡连接得到良好的匹配.分别以大小端作为输入端口,研究了圆锥角度以及耦合长度对过渡器的光功率传输效率的影响,得出了POF过渡器最佳圆锥角度.yh     

长短桩、变径桩桩间相互作用系数数值研究

采用三维数值方法,建立长短桩、变径桩双桩模型,通过大量的数值计算,分析桩顶荷载水平、桩距径比、不同桩长、桩端土模量比及不同桩径对相互作用系数的影响。分析表明,在线弹性变形阶段,桩-桩相互作用系数近似为恒定值,与桩顶荷载水平无关,进入塑性变形之后,则逐渐减小直至极限状态时趋于0;长短桩桩长比及桩端土模量比对短桩-长桩相互作用系数影响大,而对长桩-短桩相互作用系数影响小;变径桩相互作用系数仅与受荷桩桩径有关;并提出了针对长短桩、变径桩的简化计算公式,为实际工程提供参考。     

预应力锚索与钻孔咬合桩相结合的桩锚支护体系

预应力锚索与钻孔咬合桩结合的桩锚支护体系能有效的降低排桩间漏水,减少搭设和拆除深基坑内支撑工程成本,拓宽机械工作面,确保工程工期,避免角撑、对撑施工。通过具体工程案例,系统论述了预应力锚索与钻孔咬合桩结合的桩锚支护体系工艺流程、施工要点及其监测方法,为其在工程中的应用提供理论支撑。     

钢筋混凝土抗拔灌注桩的抗裂设计

通过对不同直径的抗拔灌注桩在不同抗拔荷载、不同裂缝控制等级下的抗裂设计及其纵筋用钢量与造价的对比分析,说明桩纵筋采用普通非预应力钢筋时,因受裂缝宽度的限制,其纵筋拉应力水平明显偏低,桩承受的抗拔力越大,纵筋的应力越小,相比普通钢筋混凝土桩,采用预应力螺纹钢筋的抗拔桩不仅可显著减少用钢量,当抗拔力较高时,还可节省约40%~50%的纵筋造价;同时进一步探讨抗拔桩预应力筋的配置及有效预应力的控制方法。     

Analytical model of vertical vibrations in piles for different tip boundary conditions: parametric study and applications

In this paper,a model named fictitious soil pile was introduced to solve the boundary coupled problem at the pile tip.In the model,the soil column between pile tip and bedrock was treated as a fictitious pile,which has the same properties as the local soil.The tip of the fictitious soil pile was assumed to rest on a rigid rock and no tip movement was allowed.In combination with the plane strain theory,the analytical solutions of vertical vibration response of piles in a frequency domain and the corresponding semi-analytical solutions in a time domain were obtained using the Laplace transforms and inverse Fourier transforms.A parametric study of pile response at the pile tip and head showed that the thickness and layering of the stratum between pile tip and bedrock have a significant influence on the complex impedances.Finally,two applications of the analytical model were presented.One is to identify the defects of the pile shaft,in which the proposed model was proved to be accurate to identify the location as well as the length of pile defects.Another application of the model is to identify the sediment thickness under the pile tip.The results showed that the sediment can lead to the decrease of the pile stiffness and increase of the damping,especially when the pile is under a low frequency load.     

Analytical model of vertical vibrations in piles for different tip boundary conditions: parametric study and applicationsx

In this paper,a model named fictitious soil pile was introduced to solve the boundary coupled problem at the pile tip.In the model,the soil column between pile tip and bedrock was treated as a fictitious pile,which has the same properties as the local soil.The tip of the fictitious soil pile was assumed to rest on a rigid rock and no tip movement was allowed.In combination with the plane strain theory,the analytical solutions of vertical vibration response of piles in a frequency domain and the corresponding semi-analytical solutions in a time domain were obtained using the Laplace transforms and inverse Fourier transforms.A parametric study of pile response at the pile tip and head showed that the thickness and layering of the stratum between pile tip and bedrock have a significant influence on the complex impedances.Finally,two applications of the analytical model were presented.One is to identify the defects of the pile shaft,in which the proposed model was proved to be accurate to identify the location as well as the length of pile defects.Another application of the model is to identify the sediment thickness under the pile tip.The results showed that the sediment can lead to the decrease of the pile stiffness and increase of the damping,especially when the pile is under a low frequency load.     

被动荷载作用下邻近桩基的研究概况与进展

岩土工程师们不仅经常要评估已有桩基在侧向土体运动条件下的响应特性，而且经常要设计抗滑桩以加固不稳定不安全的边坡或阻止有可能坍滑的山体。在很多工程实例中，工程桩常常在土层侧向位移作用下工作，导致桩体弯矩和挠度过大，使相邻桩基产生水平偏位，从而引起上部码头、桥梁及工业厂房等结构功能失效或引发事故。文章系统地总结了在这些条件下现有的各种被动桩土压力理论、试验成果和计算方法，分析了在各种影响因素作用下被动桩的变形机理与性状。