Knowledge-construction behaviors in a mobile learning environment: a lag-sequential analysis of group differences

Educational technology research and development - Mobile serious games are increasingly utilized as educational tools in elementary schools, and a considerable body of research has focused on...     

纳米二氧化钛修饰的内墙涂料的制备和性质研究

The modification of the traditional interior wall paint was carried out by means of adding nano-TiO2 as a functional pigment. By regulating the dosage of dispersant, the nano-particles can be dispersed in paint homogeneously. With two aspects of experiments： dosage of nano-TiO2 and pigment volume concentration （PVC）, the paint formulation can be optimized and its properties~ such as hardness, scrub resistance, storage stability, contrast ratio and gloss can be improved. Finally an interior wall paint with high performance and air purification was prepared. Its character of formaldehyde degradation would be discussed in the next article.     

Effects of cooperative learning on performance,attitude, and group behaviors in a technical team environment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative learning strategies on performance, attitude toward working in teams, and group interaction behaviors in a technical training context. Participants were 274 engineering employees enrolled in a required training class that focused on communicating technical procedures in plant operations. Participants were divided into small groups and cooperative teams. Instruction was the same for all participants. Only the practice portion of the lesson reflected cooperative strategies versus no process direction. Results indicated that the practice conducted in a cooperative manner had a significant effect on performance and group behaviors. Participants in the cooperative teams performed better on the posttest, enjoyed working in teams, perceived more accomplishment, and displayed higher levels of social and cognitive interaction than participants who worked in unstructured small groups. Implications for integrating cooperative strategies into technical team training are provided.     

Effects of orienting activities and practice on achievement,continuing motivation,and student behaviors in a cooperative learning environment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orienting activities and type of practice on achievement, continuing motivation, and student behaviors in a cooperative learning environment. Eighty graduate education majors were assigned to cooperative groups and required to learn instructional design principles from three instructional television lessons. Each lesson included specific orienting activities (advance organizers or objectives) and different types of practice (verbal information or intellectual skills). Results indicated that subjects who worked in groups that received intellectual skills practice performed better on the application portion of the posttest than those who received verbal information practice. Knowledge acquisition and student behaviors were affected by a combination of type of practice and orienting activity. Groups that received intellectual skills practice discussed more content, gave more help to their fellow group members, and exhibited less individual behavior than groups that received verbal information practice. Groups given objectives discussed significantly more content than groups given advance organizers. The authors wish to thank Steven Ross and the reviewers ofETR&D for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.     

The effects of physical environment,time in captivity,and defensive distance on tonic immobility,freezing, and flight behaviors inAnolis carolinensis

The effects of physical environment, time in captivity, and distance between potential predator and prey on defensive behaviors were examined inAnolis carolinensis. When the experimenter was nearby, duration of immobility was significantly longer in the open than in areas with nearby foliage. However, this relationship between duration of immobility and the testing environment in the anole was reversed by Day 9 in captivity. Flight latency of anoles after termination of immobility was significantly shorter in anoles housed in terraria containing foliage, while greater incidence of freezing was shown by anoles housed in empty terraria. These results suggest that although the physical environment has strong effects on defense behaviors, the different defensive reactions are influenced in different ways.     

Measurement of boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath by inverse heat conduction method

Inverse heat conduction method （IHCM） is one of the most effective approaches to obtaining the boiling heat transfer coefficient from measured results. This paper focuses on its application in cryogenic boiling heat transfer. Experiments were conducted on the heat transfer of a stainless steel block in a liquid nitrogen bath, with the assumption of a 1D conduction condition to realize fast acquisition of the temperature of the test points inside the block. With the inverse-heat conduction theory and the explicit finite difference model, a solving program was developed to calculate the heat flux and the boiling heat transfer coefficient of a stainless steel block in liquid nitrogen bath based on the temperature acquisition data. Considering the oscillating data and some unsmooth transition points in the inverse-heat-conduction calculation result of the heat-transfer coefficient, a two-step data-fitting procedure was proposed to obtain the expression for the boiling heat transfer coefficients. The coefficient was then verified for accuracy by a comparison between the simulation results using this expression and the verifying experimental results of a stainless steel block. The maximum error with a revised segment fitting is around 6%, which verifies the feasibility of using IHCM to measure the boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath.     

Characterization of high-yield performance as affected by genotype and environment in rice

We characterized yield-relevant characters and their variations over genotypes and environments (locations and years) by examining two rice varieties (9746 and Jinfeng) with high yield potential.9746 and Jinfeng were planted in two locations of Shanghai,China,during 2005 and 2006.The results show that there was a large variation in grain yield between locations and years.The realization of high yield potential for the two types of rice was closely related to the improved sink size,such as more panicles per square meter or grains per panicle.Stem and leaf biomasses were mainly accumulated from tillering stage to heading stage,and showed slow decline during grain filling.Meanwhile,some photosynthetic characters including net photosynthesis rate (Pn),leaf area index (LAI),specific leaf area (SLA),fluorescence parameter (maximum quantum yield of PSII,Fv/Fm),chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD value),as well as nutrient (N,P,K) uptake were also measured to determine their variations over genotypes and environments and their relationships with grain yield.Although there were significant differences between years or locations for most measurements,SLA at tillering and heading stages,Fv/Fm and LAI at heading stage,stem biomass at heading and maturity stages,and leaf nitrogen concentration at tillering and heading stages remained little changed,indicating their pos-sible applications as selectable characters in breeding programs.It was also found that stem nitrogen accumulation at tillering stage is one of the most important and stable traits for high yield formation.     

高师生与综合性院校大学生卡特尔16PF人格测验与分析

采用卡特尔16PF人格测验量表,对洛阳师院和郑州大学共519名大学生人格特征和心理健康水平进行测试,结果显示:(1)所测大学生的人格特征和心理健康状况均处于正常水平;(2)两类大学的大学生相比较,在16种人格因素和8种次级因素上,少数个别因素有差异,其余均未达到显著水平;(3)男女性别之间作差异分析,人格特征显示出较大差异;(4)总体上有5.8%的学生心理不健康,其中高师生比例高于综合性院校.     

话语与失败——《威尼斯商人》夏洛克失败再透视

《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚喜剧的代表作,多数评论者对其探讨多从人生和社会的价值观,基督教与犹太教文化下的文化冲突下去研究,该文力求在不过多的介入文本的前提下,从语言的不确定性来重新透视造成夏洛克悲剧结果的原因。     

论第二语言学习者在跨文化交际中语用失误的表现及对策

在跨文化交际中,第二语言学习者的语用失误包括语用语言失误和社会语用失误,非言语行为失误也应算作语用失误的一种表现.对于第二语言学习者来说,提高自己的语用能力和跨文化交际能力尤为重要.     

当代环境教育模式和联合国环境教育三年行动计划

当代国际环境教育有三种模式，我国属于混合模式。联合国推出的环境教育三年行动计划，为当前我国生物学课程改革提供了重要的内容选择依据和设计参考蓝本,尤其是“问题调查和公民行动培训”给我们提供了诸多启示。     

Dimensions of problem behaviors of emotionally disturbed children as seen by their parents and teachers

Compared the factor structure of parents' and teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems. Data were analyzed for a heterogeneous group of 194 emotionally disturbed boys and girls aged 3–13 years. Three factors emerged based on parents' ratings, and highly similar factors were obtained from teachers' ratings. The factors closely resemble the dimensions isolated in numerous previous studies, such as Quay's Conduct Problem, Inadequacy-Immaturity, and Personality Problem factors. The importance of the findings is discussed, especially pertaining to the analysis of parents' ratings.     

Mentalistic and normative frameworks in children's explanations of others' behaviors

As they learn to navigate the social world, children construct frameworks to interpret others' behavior. The present studies examined two such frameworks: a mentalistic framework, which construes behavior as driven by internal mental states; and a normative framework, which presumes people act in accordance with social norms. Participants included 101 children (ages 4, 7, and 10; 81% White; 41% female) and 35 adults (66% female) tested in the northeastern United States from 2019 to 2021. Children and adults utilized both mentalistic and normative frameworks to explain others' behaviors. Framework use depended on features of the behavior being explained. Minimal developmental differences were observed. The relative independence and the utility of the mentalistic and normative frameworks for naïve reasoning about behavior are considered.     

贵州生物与非生物环境对土壤形成发育的影响

贵州土壤生态系统的生物与非生物环境比较复杂,成土母质在不同的生物与非生物环境相互作用下形成不同土壤。     

红外热成像仪下钠的性质及其热效应

借助红外热成像仪与智能手机观察并拍摄钠在空气中的变化过程,以及钠与水反应过程中的位点温度和热量分布情况.对比分析煤油对钠的氧化速率的影响.分析与展望探究实验的结果(结论)在"钠的性质"的教学中的教育功能与价值.     

The role of learning approaches in explaining the distinct learning behaviors presented by American and Chinese undergraduates in the classroom

The distinct learning behaviors observed in the classroom between American and Chinese students have been discussed extensively in literature. The authors speculated that learning approaches (structure-oriented approach vs. depth-oriented approach) might play a role in explaining different behavioral traits presented by American and Chinese students. Two measures assessing learning approaches and learning behaviors in the classroom were administered to two samples: American undergraduates (n = 199) and Chinese undergraduates (n = 265). The results revealed that American undergraduates appeared to be more “active” in the classroom compared to Chinese undergraduates. Chinese undergraduates scored significantly higher on the structure-oriented approach, but did not differ significantly in the depth-oriented approach compared to American undergraduates. The results also indicated that the structure-oriented approach mediated the relationship between cultural group and learning behavior, and thus suggest that the structure-oriented learning approach might partially explain the distinct behavioral traits presented by American and Chinese students in the classroom.