加强浙江省科技成果转化的对策研究

为加强浙江的科技成果转化,提高科技成果的转化效率,通过对省内企业和重点合作高校院所的问卷调研,分析各个环节存在的问题,立足浙江省的实际情况,提出针对性的对策建议。     

促进农业高科技成果推广的成功做法

农业科技成果转化问题多年来没有得到有效解决,原因是多方面的。通过典型项目剖析,说明不同类型、不同转化方式农业高新技术成果的成功做法,为农业科技成果转化提供了有益的经验和方法。     

科技图书馆知识服务发展研究

科技图书馆是致力于促进科学技术研究与实践工作,为科技用户提供信息服务的图书馆。本文在剖析科技图书馆知识服务发展动力与基本特征的基础上,提出了科技图书馆知识服务的实现模型与6种具体实践模式。     

推进工程咨询服务科学发展的探索与实践

针对我国扩大内需、保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构的新形势,工程咨询服务必须走科学发展之路,坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,增加科技含量,提高投资效益,切实强化工程咨询服务业在经济社会发展中的职能作用,促进工程咨询服务业持续健康发展.     

科技中介机构促进科技成果转化对策探究

对中介机构在科技成果供需信息采集、成果对接和成果落地中存在的问题进行分析,提出中介机构促进科技成果转化的对策.通过建立标准化信息采集制度,培养专业化人才队伍,加强信息分析,建立分级分类信息库,增强资源整合能力等方式全面提升中介机构业务水平,以期更好地推动科技成果转化.     

构建科研创新团队促进高校科研成果转化

文章阐述了目前地方高校科研成果转化率普遍较低,存在着成果有效供给少、企业有效需求不足等问题,这与高校科研团队结构不合理、科研机制不健全等因素有很大的关系.因此,地方高校必须建立有效的科研团体机制,从源头、过程、利益分配、服务体系等多层面寻求机制上的突破,构建科研创新团队,提高科研成果转化率,切实提高高校服务地方经济社会的能力和水平.     

加强科学基金管理,促进青年科技人才成长

本文论述了青年科技人才培养过程中,国家自然基金委和各依托单位结合国家自然科学基金青年项目,积极采取有效措施,促进青年科技人才成长。     

知识经济时代的科研经费管理

知识经济时代,科学研究实质上是知识创新与生产的过程,而科研经费是知识生产的基本条件和重要保障。知识经济为科研经费管理提出了更新和更高的要求,同时也为管理创新提供了机遇和动因。本文在分析知识经济对科研经费管理变化的基础上,提出了改进我国科研经费管理的宏观建议,并结合目前我国科研实际,对加强科研经费管理的可行措施进行了探讨。     

基于Wiki的教育科研成果的群体共享机制研究

首先提出了从教育科研成果推广到教育科研成果共享的范式转换:实践主体转换、行为方式转换、目标取向转换、叙述方式转换。然后从实践层面提出了以Wiki为代表的新技术参与教育科研成果群体共享的思路,并试图归纳出基于Wiki的教育科研成果的群体共享模式。     

基于知识型员工需求特征的科研院所员工激励制度探讨

目前我国科研院所采用的激励制度对知识型员工的激励作用普遍不足。以成熟的激励理论为基础,依据我国知识型员工的需求特征,结合国有科研院所特殊的背景和现状,探讨对科研院所的知识型员工的有效激励制度,提出了一系列激励措施。     

“行动中的科学”与科技传播的边缘力量的中心化——从SARS知识的传播谈起

当前突如其来的SARS暗示了21世纪人类生活环境的越来越变化莫测,为适应环境变化的要求,科学将越来越成为一种"行动中的科学",这就对基于传统科学观的现有科技传播体系形成了挑战。由于广告、新闻传播等在目前科技传播中处于边缘地位的大众传播力量本质上表现出对社会环境变化的强烈适应性,所以,当前的"行动中的科学"日益要求把这种边缘的科技传播力量提到中心地位。     

Governing knowledge in the scientific community: Exploring the role of retractions in biomedicine

Although the validity of knowledge is critical to scientific progress, substantial concerns exist regarding the governance of knowledge production. While research errors are as relevant to the knowledge economy as defects are to the manufacturing economy, mechanisms to identify and signal “defective” or false knowledge are poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate one such institution - the system of scientific retractions. We analyze the universe of peer-reviewed scientific articles retracted from the biomedical literature between 1972-2006 and comparing with a matched control sample in order to identify the correlates, timing, and causal impact of scientific retractions. This effort provides insight into the workings of a distributed, peer-based system for the governance of validity in scientific knowledge. Our findings suggest that attention is a key predictor of retraction - retracted articles arise most frequently among highly-cited articles. The retraction system is expeditious in uncovering knowledge that is ever determined to be false (the mean time to retraction is less than two years) and democratic (retraction is not systematically affected by author prominence). Lastly, retraction causes an immediate, severe, and long-lived decline in future citations. Conditional on the obvious limitation that we cannot measure the absolute amount of false science in circulation, these results support the view that distributed governance systems can be designed to uncover false knowledge relatively swiftly and to mitigate the costs that false knowledge for future generations of producers.     

能力成熟度模型在高校科研管理中的应用研究

在分析能力成熟度模型应用于高校科研管理的可行性之后,初步设计了高校科研管理能力成熟度模型。这一模型包括5个层级,分别描述达到不同能力成熟度水平的高校科研管理能力水平。能力成熟度模型的应用有助于高校科研管理能力的持续提升。     

知识流动的桥梁——科技社团在科技创新中的作用

科技社团最基本的属性是学术性,具有跨行业、跨部门、跨区域、跨学科的优势,还具有区别于其它组织的特性:中立性、权威性和高知识性。其特有的联络机制,对促进创新系统间的良性互动具有重要作用。科技团体可以在科技创新系统中建立不同创新主体间的广泛联系,起到促进知识流动的桥梁作用。对于推动科技创新体系建设、增强自主创新能力,具有重要意义。     

省级农科院进一步提升科技创新与转化能力的战略思考

以四川省农业科学院为例,探讨提升创新与转化能力的指导思想和基本原则,提出继续深化改革的十大举措,介绍近期重点创新和转化任务.     

Outposts of science; the knowledge trade and the expansion of scientific community in post-Civil War America

By the second half of the nineteenth century, local and regional voluntary societies were among the most widespread, accessible, and familiar public scientific institutions in America. Collectively, they made up an institutional network that converted individuals' private interest in science into a public activity. They played an essential role in the dissemination of scientific information, the growth of a scientifically literate population, and the extension of public support for science in the decades after the Civil War. This essay delineates and maps the spread of these societies throughout the country, as well as the flow of scientific information both among societies and between a society and its regional hinterland. Using the Davenport [Iowa] Academy of Natural Sciences as an example, it demonstrates how local societies were embedded in a national scientific community and mediated between it and local scientific enthusiasts, to the benefit of both.     

Exploring the role of psychological safety in promoting the intention to continue sharing knowledge in virtual communities

Virtual communities play an important role in business, society, and education. At present, one of the great challenges faced by virtual communities is the availability of knowledge, which is mainly created through knowledge-sharing behavior. Although prior studies have extensively studied knowledge-sharing behavior in virtual communities from various perspectives, they largely ignored the important role of psychological safety in this process. We propose to address this gap by examining psychological safety and its effect on individuals’ intention to continue sharing knowledge. We also identify trust in the virtual community and self-consciousness as antecedents of psychological safety. The research model is empirically tested through a survey across two virtual communities in a major university. The results show that the condition of psychological safety has a positive influence on the intention to continue sharing knowledge. The level of trust has a positive impact on the intention to continue sharing knowledge not only directly, as documented in the literature, but also indirectly, through the mediating role of psychological safety. Finally, we find that self-consciousness exerts a negative influence on feelings of psychological safety. The implications of our findings and the need for future research are also discussed.