Advantages of studying processes in educational research

It is argued that learning and instruction could be conceptualized from a process-analytic perspective. Important questions from the field of learning and instruction are presented which can be answered using our approach of process analyses. A classification system of process concepts and methods is given. One main advantage of this kind of process research is the possibility to study trajectories of learning over time. It also allows the performing of intraindividual analyses. A number of empirical examples are presented which demonstrate the advantages of our approach to performing process analyses. The examples regarding individual trajectories deal with evaluation data of a training program to enhance self-regulated learning. In the discussion, limitations of the approach are described in reference to alternative ways of analyzing processes.     

Methodological considerations for studying science-in-the-making in educational settings

In this paper we explore the methodological implications of sociocultural approaches for the study of scientific knowledge and practices. Research in science studies and science education is reviewed with a focus on methodological considerations. Informed by empirically-based studies of scientific practices from multiple disciplinary perspectives, we describe our perspective for investigating science education which combines ethnography and discourse analysis. This theoretical position on the discursive nature of the social construction of school science-in-the-making forms the basis for theoretical and methodological critique and discussion. We provide a review of the history of nature of science (NOS) research to trace the methodological influence of Science and Technology Studies in science education. Four methodological issues associated with studying science as cultural practices are discussed: the local and contingent nature of situated definitions of science; theory dependence and coherence of research methodologies; attention to the study of school science-in-the-making; and reflexivity.     

Social and communicative processes in computer-based problem solving

This paper overviews the results of four studies designed to investigate the effects of collaborative modes of computer use upon children's performance and learning. All used the same type of problem solving task, couched within an adventure game format. The first of these studies provides a striking illustration of how children who work in pairs on a route planning task can show better learning outcomes than children who work on the same problem individually. The possible psychological processes mediating this effect are considered. The second study extends this consideration further and seeks to identify those aspects of verbal interaction that underpin productive paired interaction. The third study includes consideration of the efficacy of pairing as a function of the relative ability of pair members. The fourth study focuses upon the effects of working in the presence of others, even in the absence of interaction. Taken together, the results of the third and fourth studies highlight the importance of paying closer attention to the ways in which children construe the particular experimental conditions we create and their own position in relation to them.     

A framework for incorporating orienting activities in computer-based interactive video

A good deal of research has been published concerning the effects of orienting activities on learning. Orienting activities include advance organizers, embedded pre-questions, behavioral objectives, as well as other strategies designed to prepare the learner for instruction. This paper focuses on the presumed functions of orienting activities and the implications of such functions for the design of computer-based interactive video. In addition, the application of empiricallyfounded principles in the design and production of computer-based interactive video is described.Grumman Aerospace Corporation     

Applying activity theory to computer-supported collaborative learning and work-based activities in corporate settings

Business needs in many corporations call for learning outcomes that involve problem solutions, and creating and sharing new knowledge within worksplace situation that may involve collaboration among members of a team. We argue that work-based activities (WBA) and computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) are appropriate components for courses in such learning situations. Via this approach, collaborative work situations become the core of a course. We further describe how activity theory can provide a framework for the design of courses that involve WBA and CSCL as part of a workplace-oriented activity system for learning. The use of this design approach for courses offered by the Learning and Leadership Development organization of Shell International Exploration and Production is described and an example is elaborated. Finally, we identify four main issues and challenges that arose during the use of the design approach.     

Combining individual and group-level perspectives for studying collaborative knowledge construction in context

The aim of this article is to identify concepts and methods for studying collaboration in context. The article presents a two-level methodology designed to combine individual and group-level perspectives for the evaluation of collaborative knowledge construction in student groups. The group-level analysis is focused on the students' negotiation processes. A self-report questionnaire gives insight into students' short-term impressions, meaningful activities and personal meanings attached to different activities. Empirical examples of the analysis of a teacher student group illustrate the applicability of the methods used in investigating the mediating influence of context on collaborative activity.     

论西方教育管理研究范式

西方教育管理理论产生100多年来,经历了四种主流研究范式,即类推—演绎范式、经验—分析范式、理论—诠释研究范式、社会—批判范式。文章在重点分析了各种范式的理论基础、代表人物和基本观点的基础上,对四种范式更迭的特点及未来走向进行了讨论。     

CAI教学活动的备课方式探讨

利用CAI进行教学活动的过程中，与CAI教学活动有关的课前备课是一个长期、复杂而必须精心准备的过程．文章从数据资料的收集和课前上机准备这两个方面进行了详尽的分析．     

高中年级主题教育活动的魅力

从来自新形势的对德育内容和形式的呼唤阐述年级主题活动的重要性与必要性和意义；从开展的主题活动内容、影响，看活动给多方带来的规模效益。集中说明内容的丰富和全面，影响的瞩目；教师关注合作研的精神；学生热情的参与体验和积极的创造精神；家长、社会参与后获得的成就感和对将来的期望。全方位地展示活动带来的魅力。最后从魅力来自特有要求，简述主题活动的规则的遵守与超越也是魅力之一。     

二次曲面成像研究的思路和方法

给出二次曲面成像问题的思想方法，包括二次曲面成像的问题提出、理论分析、建立物理模型和数学模型、应用前素、理论的图示。     

Lifelong education in Japan,a highly school-centred society: educational opportunities and practical educational activities for adults

In Japan the use of the term lifelong education has become widespread throughout the 1990s and is central to educational policies, which actively tackle crucial subjects that take place in a wide area of education in a drastically changing contemporary society. This paper examines in detail the present situation of the development of lifelong education, in particular concerning adults, relating to the traditional ideas and systems on education called a highly school-centred society. These traditional ideas and systems, even today in Japan, have still functioned to greatly value school credentials and disturb the widening of the participation of adults in lifelong education, nevertheless adults have stood in need of continuously studying up-to-date knowledge and skills in a wide range of areas and at a different level throughout their working lives.     

Pre-service teachers’ views about the use of digital educational games for collaborative learning

Education and Information Technologies - Digital educational games (DEGs) constitute an effective teaching approach, particularly when they are used in combination with collaborative learning...     

论教育生活的生命价值——从《民主主义与教育》谈起

杜威完成了对二元论哲学的超越，建构了新的教育理论，但他的学说还只是理论性的，缺乏对现实的解释力。杜威的科学取向、工具态度和理性主义立场，使他从根本上忽视了人的情感、人的生命；同时也使得他未能从生命的角度去考察学校教育的价值。在他的理论中，生活价值是自明的。我们可以将教育生活视为生命的场景与条件。教育生活需要在现实中实现其生命价值。     

Advocating and administering critical realism in a study of transnational educational collaborative partnerships

ABSTRACT

Transnational higher education is an increasingly important and essential part of the internationalisation of higher education. As the number of global educational institutions and international students participating in these types of initiatives increases, it becomes of paramount importance that research methodologies that investigate the phenomenon are developed and shared within transnational research communities. This article seeks to contribute to transnational education research by exploring a paradigm that has the potential to generate alternative forms of knowledge concerning transnational collaborative partnerships. By exploring functionalist and interpretivist approaches, often applied in partnership research, this article argues that neither approach, when applied in isolation, can fully articulate the notion of a TNE collaborative partnership. The article therefore champions the application of critical realism when investigating these partnerships and provides an empirical example of two Chinese-British case studies to illustrate the application of the paradigm, followed by a vignette of the type of findings generated, and its value to research and practice.