Effects of Counselor Supervision on Group Counseling: Client's Perceived Outcomes

Two hundred and fifty Neighborhood Youth Corps participants experienced group counseling over a 10-week period. Approximately half of the groups were conducted by five counselors who were supervised by a practicum instructor, and the remainder of the groups were led by unsupervised counselors. The participants in the supervised counseling groups were more positive toward their experiences than were those in the unsupervised counseling groups. The need for continuing supervisions or consultation of counselors is emphasized.     

团体辅导对大学生职业自我概念的影响

职业自我概念是个人整体自我概念的一部分,它是职业生涯规划的基础,在个人职业生涯发展的过程中有着十分重要的作用。实验结果表明,团体辅导对大学生职业自我概念的发展有一定的促进作用。     

Stress in Israel: Voices in One Group Counseling Session of Counselor Trainees

This paper reveals the hidden voices of university students in a counselor training program who are caught in the Arab-Jewish conflict in Israel. These usually hidden voices emerged in a group counseling session, demonstrating the devastating effect that this type of stress has on Jewish and Arab Israelis alike. Implications for school counselors are discussed.     

浅谈团体辅导中的团体动力

团体动力是影响团体成员及整个团体力量的因素,是团体辅导有效实施的关键,也是我国团体辅导实践中所忽略的内容。增进团体动力的有效措施应从团体活动设计、团体进行过程中可以使用的技巧以及团体指导者的素质几个方面进行,以期更多的团体指导者关注团体动力。     

Self-Understanding Seminars: The Effects of Group Psychotherapy in Counselor Training

This study was conducted to determine whether significant benefits would be derived from providing counselor trainees with psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy. Twenty trainees were divided into 2 therapy groups that met for 30 1.5-hour weekly sessions. Each experimental trainee was matched with a control (no treatment) trainee counterpart on the basis of sex, number of graduate credits, and counseling specialty. The instruments administered were: the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the Elmore Psychological Anomie Scale, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, and the Porter Counseling Inventory. There were no significant differences on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. On the Elmore Psychological Anomie Scale, the control subjects had an increase on Valuelessness (p = .181). On the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the experimental subjects had an increase on Deference (p = .033) and a decrease on Exhibition (p = .190) and Change (p = .091). On the Porter Counseling Inventory, the experimental subjects achieved an increase in Evaluative (p = .112) and Interpretive (p = .034) responses and a decrease in Understanding (p = .083) responses. The relevance to training of both the lack of definitive differences on some of the variables and the significant findings were discussed. The data were interpreted as providing support for the value of a psychotherapeutic experience as part of training programs, particularly those that accept a psychoanalytic orientation.     

Shorter Version of the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE): A Sample from Turkish Counselor Candidates (COSE-TR)

Counseling self-efficacy is defined as a counselor’s beliefs regarding their ability to counsel a client effectively. Larson et al. (1992) developed the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) to determine counselors’ self-efficacy in the dimensions of microskills, counseling process, difficult client behavior, cultural competence, and awareness of values. The COSE has been used widely in the United States as well as being adapted to other cultures. The purpose of the present study was to obtain validity and reliability evidence for the COSE in a Turkish sample towards the creation of a Turkish version (COSE-TR). Analyses regarding internal consistency and construct validity were undertaken via CFA and EFA, and divergent and convergent validity assessments were performed. The devised COSE-TR obtained a Cronbach alpha coefficient of .92. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor model with 53.82% of the total variance explained, which the CFA also supported. The COSE-TR correlated negatively with trait anxiety as measured on the ‘State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale’ (involving only Trait anxiety STAI-T; Spielberger 1983), but positively with generalized self-efficacy as measured via the ‘General Self-Efficacy Scale’ (GSE; Schwarzer and Jerusalem 1995). As for language equivalence, there was no difference between the means of total scores obtained from the original COSE and the created Turkish shorter version. Results revealed that the shortened COSE-TR can be regarded as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring counseling self-efficacy with Turkish counselors. Implications for counseling psychology, counselor education and supervision in developing nations and the transculturality of counseling self-efficacy are discussed.     

Relationship of a Group Counseling Course,Hours in Counselor Education,and Sex to Empathic Understanding of Counselor Trainees

This study investigated the relationship of a graduate course in group counseling, the number of hours completed in counselor education, and sex to the empathic understanding of trainees in a counselor education program. The trainees were taped in similar counseling sessions, and their responses were rated independently by three counselor educators, who used Carkhuff's empathic understanding scale. A three-way analysis of variance determined only one significant difference. The trainees who had completed a course in group counseling were significantly higher (p <.05) than those who had not. The level of empathic understanding of the higher group, however, was less than the level considered to be the minimum for effective counseling.     

A Behavioral Model for the Practicum Supervision of Counselor Candidates

This article presents a behavioral model of supervisor behavior for the counseling practicum that involves supervisor, counselor, and client. Five identifiable stages in supervision are presented: (a) the initial session, (b) the development of a facilitative relationship, (c) goal identification and determination of supervisory procedures, (d) the use of supervisory techniques and procedures, and (e) termination and follow-up. This supervisory process between supervisor and counselor is related to the counseling process between counselor and client.     

Counselor Recall of Specific Details: Implications for Counseling and Counselor Training

This study examined two verbal process variables in counseling: (a) accuracy of counselor recall statements, and (b) relevance of counselor recall statements.     

The School Counselor Alumni Peer Consultation Group

School counseling literature indicates that school counselors experience isolation and frustration and that partnership projects between counselors and counselor educators are potentially valuable. The author describes the school counselor alumni peer consultation group, which provides (a) support and networking opportunities for new counselors and (b) a forum for studying counseling issues and for developing strategies to solve problems. This innovative strategy for professional development and collaboration has implications both for counselor educators and for school counselors.     

大学新生团体辅导浅析

从中学步入大学,大学新生在生活环境、学习特点、人际关系等都发生了很大的变化。面对由这些环境变化所带来的各种问题和困扰,需要经过一个阶段才能顺利地适应。通过开展新生入学教育,特别是在新生第一学期开展不同主题的团队辅导,有助于帮助学生尽快地融入新环境,正确地看待大学生活和初步理解大学生涯,为今后形成良好的学习习惯奠定基础。     

Selection and Elimination of Candidates in Counselor Education Programs

This study compared actual with ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates in counselor education programs. A two-factor analysis for each category (selection and elimination) resulted in some significant differences (p< .001) between the actual and ideal procedures in both selection and elimination. The criteria for actual and ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates were also treated by t tests, with highly significant differences (p<.075 to p<.0005) found on some of the criteria.     

探究心理咨询中的咨询师、来访者及咨访关系

心理咨询是由咨询师帮助来访者挖掘自身潜能,解决心理问题的过程。在心理咨询中,咨询师、来访者和二者之间的关系这三个要素对心理咨询是否能取得效果有极其重要的影响作用。本文将对心理咨询中咨询师、来访者和咨访关系进行一些探讨。     

Changes in the Perception of the Counselor: Self,Ideal Self,and Self as Judged by Peers

Thirty counseling practicum students' perceptions of self as counselor, ideal counselor, and self as counselor as perceived by other practicum students were measured by the semantic differential technique before and after the supervised practicum experience. Posttest perceptions of self as counselor, ideal counselor, and ratings by other practicum group members were significantly closer to the hypothetical model counselor than were the pretest ratings.     

团体心理辅导对大学生社交恐惧症状的影响

为通过团体心理辅导活动改善大学生的社交恐惧症状,本人对漯河医专36名大学生进行了8次系列团体辅导,在辅导前后利用青少年生活事件量表、社会支持评定量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、社交回避及苦恼量表和自尊量表对实验组和控制组进行前测和后测,并对两组的得分差异进行显著性检验。研究发现,团体辅导前实验组与控制组成员在社会支持评定得分、社会回避与痛苦、抑郁自评和自尊得分等方面显著性高于控制组,实验组在实验前后在社会回避及苦恼量表上的得分差异具有显著的统计学意义（P <0.01）;团体心理辅导后实验组和控制组被调查者在上述量表上的得分差异均不具有统计学意义。这就意味着团体辅导可以有效改善大学生的社交恐惧状况,有利于其心理健康水平的提升。