苏格兰PSE课程:设计、实施与启示

苏格兰"人格与社会教育"(PSE)课程起源于20世纪70年代,PSE课程不仅是苏格兰基础教育卓越课程八个课程领域之一,同时也是儿童和青少年学习的核心内容之一。PSE课程聚焦于儿童与青少年的心理与生理健康、人际关系和社会技能,致力打造多学科融合课程,也被苏格兰地区当作学校开展心理健康教育的重要途径。PSE课程基准给出的指标清晰明确,课程内容覆盖面广、划分详细,课程实施以PSE课程共同体开展,凸显了多方协作的优势。苏格兰PSE课程的设计与实施对我国中小学心理健康教育的开展与心理健康课程的改革发展有一定的启示作用。     

Can communitas explain how young people achieve identity development in outdoor adventure in light of contemporary individualised life?

In contemporary life, young people’s identity development is a popular topic for investigation. This includes better understanding their development and their participation in outdoor adventure. From ancient times to modern days, literature conveys the benefits of outdoor adventure on their identity development and more recently there is a growing focus on understanding how and why it occurs. This article discusses the author’s doctoral research conducted on the Western Australian Leeuwin II tall ship that explored the relationship between trainees’ personal development and their participation on this ocean-bound vessel in light of an individualised contemporary life. The study recognised the Leeuwin II tall ship as communitas contributing to trainees’ personal development. The article considers communitas explaining how and why outdoor adventure benefits young people’s personal development, which has implications for young people’s development in the twenty-first century.     

LEARNING THROUGHOUT WORKING LIFE: A RELATIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL AGENCY

ABSTRACT:  Individuals actively and continually construct the knowledge required for their working lives. Two outcomes arise from this constructive process: (i) individual change (i.e. learning) and (ii) the remaking of culturally-derived practices comprising work. These arise through a relational interdependence between the contributions and agency of the personal and the social. The relationship is interdependent because neither the social nor personal contributions alone are sufficient. The social experience is important for articulating and providing access to work performance requirements. However, personal factors such as individuals' capacities, subjectivities and agency shape how workers interpret and engage with what they experience and, consequently, how they learn and remake practice throughout their working life. This case is elaborated through a discussion about learning with considerations of intersubjectivity, personal epistemologies, pedagogy and curriculum as experience.     

Early years practitioners’ views on early personal,social and emotional development

Current policy guidance stresses the need for early identification of obstacles to learning and appropriate intervention. New standards for learning (Early Years Foundation Stage) place personal, social and emotional development (PSED) as central to learning and development. This paper reports a survey and follow-up interviews with early years practitioners on early identification and intervention of young children with difficulties in PSED. As previous research with primary and secondary colleagues has shown, practitioners find low-level disturbance occurring most frequently. Although aggressive behaviour (hurting others, kicking, hitting and biting) is a concern, not attending or listening and immature social skills (lack of sharing and turn-taking, and inability to relate to other children) is a bigger challenge. Practitioners report a range of strategies for formally teaching relevant skills but point to the greater challenge of supporting recent immigrants where different cultural and social norms need to be understood.     

The Systems Approach in Education with Special Consideration of Environmental Education: A Review

Abstract

The Ministry of Education of Israel—through its Center of Curriculum Development—commissioned the development and implementation of environmental education curriculum for grades eleven and twelve in the national educational system. The aim of the curriculum was as follows: “This curriculum will deal with the interrelationships between man and his environment and will develop within students the readiness and the capability for personal contribution and social activity towards the improvement of the environment they are living in.” This aim has been translated and crystallized into a new innovative curricular model which, in turn, determines the characteristics, the processes, and the products of the Israeli Environmental Education Project (IEEP). This interdisciplinary, science-, student-, and value-oriented model is based on our contention that environmental education (EE) is problem-oriented education about the environment, in the environment, and for the environment and the human being as part of it, in which the wholistic, interdisciplinary system approach is used for the analysis of issues and the working out of possible alternative solutions. IEEP is currently in the stage of massive development, field testing, and initial implementation.     

重创的精神家园——从认知失调理论看《曼斯菲尔德庄园》

<曼斯菲尔德庄园>是简·奥斯汀的代表作之一.认知的失调造就了主人公范妮这个人物形象,她的蜕变有自己主动的有意识,也有被动的无意识.同时,新的认知的建构和完善彻底改变了范妮,使她成长为一个不折不扣的曼斯菲尔德庄园的主人.维持无效信念所造成的社会趋同是一个社会的产物,而不是某一个人或一些人的错误.这种社会对人的反作用总是影响着一个人的心理发展,左右着一个人的思想和人生观.     

全面准确地解读“以人为本”命题

科学发展观的核心是"以人为本"。全面准确地解读"以人为本"命题,要站在历史唯物主义的视角解读"人",认识作为类的人所具有的自然性、精神性、社会性三种属性,同时,还必须搞清"以人为本"的最基本含义,理解社会的发展最终体现在人的发展上,而且个人发展应该是一种普通个人的发展。     

张家界探险旅游开发对策探讨

近年来,随着生活水平的提高,人们的旅游需求也在不断增长,探险旅游因此应运而生。本文将问卷调查获得的数据通过描述性统计分析,得到了张家界探险旅游者的基本信息,并对张家界探险旅游资源进行了客观分析,从可行性和必要性两个方面进行的深度分析表明张家界拥有得天独厚的发展探险旅游的条件,在此基础上提出了张家界发展探险旅游的原则、思路和具体对策。     

美国理科课程中个人和社会发展目标演变研究

当代理科课程正处于改革的关键时期,其目标的定位成为课程改革的首要任务,从历史的角度探寻个人和社会发展目标已经成为当代美国理科课程的重要课题。     

第斯多惠教师专业发展策略思想探析

第斯多惠所著的《德国教师培养指南》对德国教师的思想与专业指导起了很大作用,在整个欧洲教育理论的发展史上占有重要地位.笔者从书中第斯多惠对教师自我教育的论述出发,归纳他关于如何促进教师自我完善的理念和建议：国家和社会各相关主体应尊重教师从而为教师群体的发展作好社会准备;教师个体则要作好以教育事业为终身职业的准备,可通过学习研究教育学知识和专业知识、增加教学交流和建立教师团体发展自身.最后以第斯多惠的这些独到的理念和建议为基础,提出用以加强我国教师专业发展事业建设的策略.     

财务预警模型的变迁

根据国内外在财务预警模型研究中所运用的单变量判别法、多元线性回归分析、主成分分析、二元Logistic回归分析和神经网络分析等主要建模方法、应用情况和局限性,提出了财务预警模型研究中值得注意的若干问题和今后的发展趋势。     

一个反抗者的遭遇——论赵姨娘的悲剧人生

《红楼梦》诸多妾形象中,唯有赵姨娘每每生事,致使贾府上下无人不厌,最后悲惨死去。其实,赵姨娘是贾府诸多小妾中唯一意识到自我权力并努力争取的女性。她的死,既是社会历史悲剧,也是个人悲剧。     

The adventure sports coach: all show and no substance?

The primary objective of this research was to establish the range of interpersonal strategies, tools and techniques used by adventure sports coaches (ASCs) to influence participants’ actions and behaviours, and to determine where these strategies were acquired. An interpretative approach was employed using semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of expert paddlesport coaches (n = 4). Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to get close to the data and identify salient topics. Five themes were subsequently identified as fundamental to effective coach–participant interaction: appropriate environment, stories told, knowing the participant, formal training and situational context. The implications are that whilst ASCs have well-developed intuitive social engagement skills, these are not consciously or declaratively employed in coaching sessions, and neither are they used at strategic levels to enhance participant development. Therefore, a multi-layer approach is recommended to help ASCs access and employ these skills that has consequences for the education, training and continued professional development of ASCs.     

The Moral Dimension of Personal and Social Education

Throughout the 1990s there was considerable discussion of the moral dimension of teaching instigated largely by the Office for Standards in Education (1994) and School Curriculum and Assessment Authority (1995, 1996a, b) discussion papers. Although there was widespread acceptance among educationists, the inspectorate and the teaching profession that there was a moral dimension to teaching, differences were apparent in the perceptions of the significance of this dimension and the implications of it for schools. On the one hand, many teachers acknowledge the moral dimension of teaching, they recognize that teachers from time to time have to deal with controversial issues and have an obligation to respect the rights of children. However, they tend to see this dimension as peripheral to the main business of teaching and learning and not something which will influence how they are judged as professionals. Some recent perspectives on Personal and Social Education, such as the emphasis on personal competence or the self-esteem movement, have contributed to the marginalization of moral concerns in favour of a skills or therapeutic approach. This paper supports the view that teaching is inevitably a moral enterprise and that teachers need to be encouraged to see themselves as autonomous moral agents whose decisions have a fundamental impact on pupils' personal development.