Nonlinear analysis of consolidation with variable compressibility and permeability

INTRODUCTION Since the development of the conventionalconsolidation theory by Terzaghi (1943) in 1923,many attempts have been made to present some solu-tions for the problems considering more realistic as-sumptions on the practical geotechnical engineering.Some efforts have been made to avoid limitation ofthe assumptions in the Terzaghi’s theory. During theconsolidation of soil, it is obvious that the coefficientof volume compressibility mv and the coefficient ofpermeability kv ar…     

Nonlinear analytical solution for one-dimensional consolidation of soft soil under cyclic loading

INTRODUCTION Conventional consolidation analysis based on Terzaghi’s one-dimensional theory neglects the non-linearity of soil for the sake of mathematical expediency, which is considered to be one of the theory’s shortcomings. Many researchers have pro-posed one-dimensional (1D) consolidation models where the coefficient of volume compressibility mv, coefficient of permeability kv, and coefficient of consolidation cv, vary with either depth or time. Schiffman (1958), Davis and Raymon…     

Consolidation Properties of Highly Plastic Clay During Osmotic Pressure Consolidation Test

Theone dimensionalinfinitesimalstrainconsolida tiontheorydevelopedbyTerzaghiassumedthattheper meabilityandcompressibilityoftheclayremainedcon stantduringconsolidationunderaparticularincrementofload[1] .So ,inpractice ,thetheorywasonlyapproxi matelysatisfying .Variousresearcheshavesoughttoex tendtheclassicaltheorytotakeaccountofthevariationofpermeabilityandcompressibilityduringconsolidationinoneormoreways .Thecompressibilityandcoefficientofpermeabilitywereassumedtobefunctionsofthede greeofsatur…     

Study on one-dimensional consolidation of soil under cyclic loading and with varied compressibility

This paper presents a semi-analytical method to solve one dimensional consolidation problem by taking consideration of varied compressibility of soil under cyclic loading. In the method, soil stratum is divided equally into n layers while load and consolidation time are also divided into small parts and time intervals accordingly. The problem of one-dimensional consolidation of soil stratum under cyclic loading can then be dealt with at each time interval as one-dimensional linear consolidation of multi-layered soils under constant loading. The compression or rebounding of each soil layer can be judged by the effective stress of the layer. When the effective stress is larger than that in the last time interval, the soil layer is compressed, and when it is smaller, the soil layer rebounds. Thus, appropriate compressibility can be chosen and the consolidation of the layered system can be analyzed by the available analytical linear consolidation theory. Based on the semi-analytical method, a computer progra     

A semi-analytical method for the analysis of pile-supported embankments

In this paper, a semi-analytical method for the analysis of pile-supported embankments is proposed. The mathematic model describes the cooperative behavior of pile, pile cap, foundation soil, and embankment fills. Based on Terzaghi??s 1D consolidation theory of saturated soil, the consolidation of foundation soil is calculated. The embankments with two different types of piles: floating piles and end-bearing piles are investigated and discussed. The results of axial force and skin friction distributions along the pile and the settlements of pile-supported embankments are presented. It is found that it takes a longer time for soil consolidation in the embankment with floating piles, compared with the case using end-bearing piles. The differential settlement between the pile and surrounding soil at the pile top is larger for the embankment with end-bearing piles, compared with the case of floating piles.     

Influence of natural deposition plane orientation on oedometric consolidation behavior of three typical clays from southeast coast of China

The parameters obtained from oedometric consolidation tests are commonly used in the development of constitutive modeling and for engineering practice. This paper focuses on the influence of the natural deposition plane orientation on oe- dometric consolidation behavior of three natural clays from the southeast coast of China. Oedometer tests were conducted on intact specimens prepared by sampling at a series of angles relative to the natural deposition plane. For each specimen, yield stress, compressibility indexes, secondary compression, and permeability coefficients were determined. The influence of the sampling angle on these properties was investigated, revealing that yield stress, compression index, swelling index, creep index, ratio of secondary compression coefficient to compression index （Cae/JCc） and permeability coefficient were all dependent to some extent on the sampling angle. These findings indicate the role of the anisotropy due to the natural deposition on the oedometric con- solidation behavior.     

Analytical solution for 1D consolidation of unsaturated soil with mixed boundary condition

Based on consolidation equations proposed for unsaturated soil, an analytical solution for 1D consolidation of an unsaturated single-layer soil with nonhomogeneous mixed boundary condition is developed. The mixed boundary condition can be used for special applications, such as tests occur in laboratory. The analytical solution is obtained by assuming all material parameters remain constant during consolidation. In the derivation of the analytical solution, the nonhomogeneous boundary condition is first transformed into a homogeneous boundary condition. Then, the eigenfunction and eigenvalue are derived according to the consolidation equations and the new boundary condition. Finally, using the method of undetermined coefficients and the orthogonal relation of the eigenfunction, the analytical solution for the new boundary condition is obtained. The present method is applicable to various types of boundary conditions. Several numerical examples are provided to investigate the consolidation behavior of an unsaturated single-layer soil with mixed boundary condition.     

一类二阶微分方程组的特解

采用待定矩阵法,给出了非齐次项为一次多项式与三角函数乘积的一类三维二阶常系数线性微分方程组的特解公式,并通过算例验证了微分方程组特解公式的正确性.     

固结对填土地基渗透系数影响的试验研究

为了研究土体固结对渗透系数的影响,以某粘土为研究对象,通过改进的渗透试验方法,量测固结发生过程中不同时间的渗透系数,并对单个试件分四段进行渗透试验。提出了前期渗透系数和后期渗透系数的概念。研究发现：前期渗透系数（30d之前）大于后期渗透系数（210d之后）,上段土渗透系数大于下段土的,并且上段土的渗透系数稳定的时间晚于下段土;固结时间长的试件比固结时间短的渗透系数小,后期渗透系数应在平均渗透系数之上进行修正后再应用于工程。     

Consolidation solution for composite foundation considering a time-and depth-dependent stress increment along with three distribution patterns of soil permeability

In actual engineering practice, the stress increment within a composite foundation caused by external loads may vary simultaneously with depth and time. In addition, column installation always leads to a decay of soil permeability towards the column. However, almost none of the consolidation theories for composite foundation comprehensively consider these factors until now. For this reason, a stress increment due to external loads changing simultaneously with time and depth was incorporated into the analysis, and three possible variation patterns of soil’s horizontal permeability coefficient were considered to account for the detrimental influence of column installation. These three patterns included a constant distribution pattern (Pattern I), a linear distribution pattern (Pattern II), and a parabolic distribution pattern (Pattern III). Solutions were obtained for the average excess pore water pressures and the average degree of consolidation respectively. Then several special cases were discussed in detail based on the general solution obtained. Finally, comparisons were made, and the results show that the present solution is the most general rigorous solution in the literature, and it can be broken down into a number of previous solutions. The consolidation rate is accelerated with the increase in the value of the top to the bottom stress ratio. The consolidation rate calculated by the solution for Pattern I is less than that for Pattern II, which in turn is less than that for Pattern III.     

Numerical analysis on aeolian vibration of transmission lines with Stockbridge dampers

We used computational fluid dynamics （CFD） and mode superposition method instead of the energy balance method to compute transmission line aeolian vibrations induced by the Karman vortex. Firstly, we obtained the wind power inputs using CFD theory. The result is effective for aeolian vibration analyses compared with the power which were measured in wind tunnel tests. Then a new aeolian excitation was derived using the wind power equivalent principle, and the aeolian vibration distribution along transmission lines and the wind power input obtained by CFD can be account. Secondly, we formulated the motion equation of a conductor-damper system and derived a semi-analytial solution using the mode superposition method. The Stockbridge-type dampers attached were simplified to the forces transmitted by the clamps. Finally, the semi-analytical solution can be solved by iterative methods. Taking a 1 000 kV Ultra High Voltage transmission line as an example, we analyzed the line with and without dampers by the semi-analytical solution. Compared with the results which were computed by the energy balance method, the semi-analytical solution is precise enogh for aeolian vibration analyses. Besides, we also analyzed the influence of damper position and quantity.     

高压旋喷注浆法在处理高速公路软土地基的应用

以浙江某高速公路路基工程为例,介绍高压旋喷注浆法加固软土地基的原理、施工工艺、施工方法、质量检测内容及质量控制措施,对处理后的软土地基进行详细的喷射固结质量检测,并列出质量检测的内容。     

土工格栅软基路堤工程变形特征数值分析

土工格栅作为一种新型土工合成材料，具有高强度、低延伸率等特点，被用作路堤加筋材料。运用有限元通用程序ADINA对土工格栅软基路堤工程进行二维有限元分析，土体本构采用Mohv-Coulomb模型，土工格栅采用杆单元模拟，接触单元采用平面应变2-D单元。通过计算得到软基路堤工程各部位与各阶段的沉降、侧向位移变化特征，有限元计算结果与实测数据基本吻合。     

动力排水固结法在连云港软土地区的应用研究

连云港海相软土具有含水量高、压缩性高、孔隙比高、强度低等特点,其工程性质较差,是该地区基础设计的重点和难点。结合某海相软土的加固处理工程,阐述了动力排水固结的加固机理,并对其加固效果进行了分析。检测结果显示,动力排水固结法处理连云港软粘土场地可以取得良好效果,其经验可供类似工程参考。     

二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程的解法及教学

在讨论求解二阶常系数线性微分方程的比较系数法、常数变易法的基础上,导出了降阶法.对比分析它们在解决一些实际问题的基本思想和方法策略,阐述了所述内容在教学中对学生进行思维能力训练的地位和作用.     

常系数线性非齐次微分方程组的初等解法

本文利用初等方法,直接得到两个未知函数的一阶常系数线性非齐次微分方程组的通解公式,该方法不涉及矩阵的特征值及线性非齐次微分方程组的通解结构,且易推广,因而具有显著的优点.     

真空预压技术对软粘土物理与力学属性影响的试验研究

研制了一套新三轴试验仪,该仪器能将堆载和真空加载在土样上,在固结进行中能同时监控超孔隙水压力、轴向应变(沉降)与体积应变.并根据浙江省温州市原状软粘土进行了固结试验,软粘土的天然含水率是72.5%.试验结果发现,真空预压、堆载预压或真空堆载联合预压3类加固方式中,粘土的固结特性没有明显差异.研究表明3种加固方法改变了软土的一些物理属性并改善了它的力学属性.     

二阶非齐次常系数微分方程解的表达式

给出了二阶非齐次常系数微分方程解的表达式,利用解的表达式,可以很方便地求出二阶非齐次常系数微分方程的解．     

Consolidation behavior of cement- and lime/cement-mixed column foundations

The consolidation behavior of mixed in place cement- and lime/cement-mixed column was studied. Consolidation of the composite foundation was modeled as a three-dimensional axi-symmetric problem. The authors used the finite difference method to obtain the pore pressure variation with time at any location below the surface. A computer program developed by the authors was used to draw some interesting conclusions about the consolidation behaviors of cement- and lime/cement-mixed pile foundation. Finally, a combined model including the permeability coefficients of cement-mixed piles and soil, was studied and its feasibility was evaluated. Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59908012) and Education Ministry of China     

常微分方程中常数变易法的推广

常数变易法是求解一阶非齐次线性常微分方程行之有效的方法。本文从求解一类特殊形式的一阶常微分方程入手,证明了变量分离方程、Bernoulli方程、部分齐次方程以及其它形式的一阶非线性常微分方程可用常数变易法求解,从而将常微分方程中的常数变易法推广。