知识社会:高等教育功能的重新审视

知识社会是以知识为基本要素的社会 ,如何应对知识的挑战是高等教育的重大课题。建基于“知识”这一逻辑起点 ,我们重新审视了高等教育的基本功能 ,将高等教育的功能界定为保存知识、传承知识、应用知识、创造知识、涵化知识、交流知识六个方面 ,并对传统高等教育功能进行了融合与超越。     

和谐社会与高校的主体性德育教育

弘扬人的主体性,既是培育和谐社会主体基础的必然要求,也是高校德育的明智选择。高校德育工作者要牢固树立“以学生发展为本”的教育思想,以和谐社会所需要的道德素质为培养目标,尊重学生的主体地位,挖掘学生的主体潜能,发挥学生的主体作用,有目的、有计划地引导学生参与道德认知和道德实践活动,使他们通过独立思考、自主选择和积极实践来培养自主德育意识,掌握自主德育方法,养成自主德育习惯,提高自主德育能力,逐步形成主体的现代道德素质,让学生的主体之光在德育中闪烁。     

Organizing higher education in a knowledge society

The integration of higher education systems in the Western world has led both to development of overall strategies for the organization of higher education institutions by public authorities, as well as to strategies by higher education institutions aiming to position themselves within emerging higher education systems. This article first asks whether these developments represent converging or path dependent trends before it sketches a conceptual point of departure for the analysis of the relationship between institutions in higher education systems based on the effects of integration on academic hierarchies and functional specialization. Then I discuss how recent attempts at integrating higher education systems in Europe and the US may affect the relationship between institutions in the light of conceptions of education as a process by which students learn to learn or by which they learn specific occupational skills. Thirdly, the development is situated in a wider context where the relationship between different types of institutions are considered in relation to the spread of an extended and more utility oriented concept of knowledge. Finally, I consider briefly some possible future developments based on how modern capitalist and public managerialist knowledge regimes constitute conditions for higher education integration.     

Criticality in international higher education research: a critical discourse analysis of higher education journals

The current study utilizes the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211 Ajzen 1991) to examine an instructor confirmation-interaction model in the instructional communication context to discover a means by which instructors might cultivate positive student attitudes and increase beliefs that interactions with instructors would be beneficial in the future. Specifically, the model examines how teacher confirmation (Ellis 2000) influences students’ behavioral intention to communicate with instructors. Surveys were distributed to 343 college students (41.7% male and 58.1% female) in a basic communication course. Results were primarily consistent with the proposed model; teacher confirmation was significantly related to attitudes toward communicating with an instructor, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were also positively related to students’ behavioral intention to communicate with the instructor. However, results reveal attitudes toward communicating do not predict students’ behavioral intention to communicate with instructors. It is recommended that future models examine a more contemporary, hi-tech representation of attitude toward student-instructor interactions as it may produce a significant association with students’ behavioral intent to communicate with them. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications to examine student classroom communication via the confirmation-interaction model and the theory of planned behavior.     

河南高等教育与知识社会之建设

知识社会是以知识为基本要素的社会,建基于“知识”这一逻辑起点,高等教育的基本功能是保存知识、传承知识、应用知识、创造知识、涵化知识、交流知识等。二者之间相辅相成,相互促进,互为依存,是一体化的。因此研究河南高等教育发展,实现与知识社会的良性互动,既是我省高等教育面临的重大课题,也是我省社会和谐发展题中应有之义。     

构建社会主义和谐社会与高等教育发展战路研究

建设和谐社会是经济高速发展的要求，也是时代发展的要求。高等教育在构建和谐社会中具有不可替代的基础性推动作用。高等教育的发展必须充分树立以人为本的科学发展观、促进教育公平和深化教育体制改革，必须强化追求真理、培养人才、创新知识、服务社会的大学理念，从而在建设社会主义和谐社会的伟大实践中发挥更加积极的作用。     

"学习型社会"的挑战与高等教育的应答

"学习型社会"是一种表达终身学习理念的社会形态.较之传统型社会形态,"学习型社会"在知识、学习、学习者、时间、空间等内涵特征方面发生了实质性变化,这种变化对高等教育的目标、对象、内容和方式提出了挑战.而高等教育对学习型社会具有正反双重价值影响,应从办学理念与机制两方面做出理性的应答:从理论层面看,应明确我国高等教育办学理念;从实践层面看,应改革我国高等教育办学机制.     

The knowledge society and the internationalization of Japanese higher education

The internationalization of higher education is considered to be a major policy agenda in the global knowledge society. For Japan, internationalization has been a key driver in academic and social advancement, while its traditional culture and national identity have also been retained. Recently, a series of policies have been presented by the government, university, and industry to attract more students and top calibre researchers from Asia and further afield, and to enhance exchange and collaboration, internationalization at home, and global human resource development. Concurrently, the controversial nature of internationalization has been pointed out, as well as the stagnant mobility of Japanese students and their inward-looking attitude. This paper discusses the internationalization of Japanese higher education by examining the relevant policy, practice, and perceptions of the people and institutions concerned. The major findings reveal the complexity of internationalization as a dynamic process of change, its vulnerability and marginality, and the extent of the gap between policy and practice. The author also addresses the increased relevance of the research in this field to policy-making and practice in education and its contribution to the production of new knowledge.     

高等教育的治理:重构政府、高校、社会之间的关系

在高等教育领域推行治理 ,已成为许多国家高等教育改革追求的目标。高等教育的治理 ,首先意味着政府的角色或功能将发生重大变化 ,政府不再是高等教育产品的惟一提供者 ,政府对高校的管理由“政府控制模式”向“政府监督模式”转变 ,在资源配置方面 ,将更多地引入市场机制 ,政府、学校和社会之间存在着权力的依赖和互动 ,它们之间的关系将发生重组。高等教育治理的基本特征是非国营化、去中心、自治和市场化     

Capital and Knowledge Flows: Global higher education markets

Accelerating global flows of people and information have formed new communities and networks across social and political borders. Higher education is one such globalised knowledge community in which new patterns of knowledge, accreditation, research alliances, and social and professional relationships are emerging. In this paper I outline the push–pull dynamics of globalisation in higher education: the co-constitutive nature of local and global interests and educational formations; disjunctive flows of capital, information, people, and knowledge; and the new politics of knowledge capital as they affect academic research and the public archive of scholarly publishing and university libraries. I close with reflections on the differential consequences of globalisation on: the role of the nation state in higher education provision and reform; the role of education in nation building and national identity politics; and the governability of a global eduscape.     

技术社会中大学教育的人文与生态关怀

当代技术社会的困境表明,正是传统的人文主义(唯人主义)塑造了现代科学的价值理性与技术的工具理性,进而引发了对现代性的合法性认同危机。因此,在现代性危机四伏的今天,培养学生的自觉——一种人文与生态关怀的反省意识,是时代精神要求大学必须承担的社会责任。     

Gender, equity and the discourse of the independent learner in higher education

The ‘independent learner’ is a key construct within discourses of educational policy and practice in the UK. Government policy statements stress the importance of developing learner independence, and higher education pedagogical practices tend to rest on the assumption that students are independent learners. This paper draws on research with undergraduate students in a post-1992 university to offer a critical appraisal of the discourse of the independent learner. The paper examines students’ perceptions of independence in both their first year of undergraduate study, and in the later years of their degree courses. Support for learning and issues related to asking for help are discussed. Whilst students tend to both expect and want to be independent, it is suggested that dominant constructions of the independent learner are gendered and culturally specific, and as such are inappropriate for the majority of students in a mass higher education system.     

建设小康社会应同步发展地方高等教育

地方高等教育在建设小康社会中具有特殊地位和作用,它的发展要与地方经济的GDP相适应,并且要同步发展地方普通高等教育和高等职业教育以更好地为全面建设小康社会服务。     

论高等教育的和谐发展与和谐社会建设

高等教育在建设社会主义和谐社会中具有重要作用,高等教育和谐发展是和谐社会建设的必然要求。通过结合辽宁省高等教育实际,分析了当前我国高等教育发展中存在的主要矛盾问题,提出要实现高等教育的和谐发展,必须树立全新的发展理念,处理好发展中的几个关系,采取一些必要的政策措施,为和谐社会建设做出贡献。     

UK university part-time higher education: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of undergraduate prospectuses

ABSTRACT

In the UK, higher education (HE) policy discourse over the past 60 years has advocated flexible part-time HE for social mobility, personal development, economic advantage and leisure. However, part-time undergraduate HE in the UK is in steep decline. Against this backdrop, we were interested in how universities promote, or fail to promote, part-time study options today. We built a corpus of 90 UK undergraduate prospectuses for 2018 entry (5,673,799 words). Using a corpus-assisted discourse analysis approach, we found significant mismatch between policy discourse and marketing discourse regarding part-time study. In particular, we found that UK university marketing discourse positions full-time study as the dominant mode of study and writes of part-time study as ‘second-best’. This discourse mismatch is particularly marked when it comes to the elite Russell Group of universities. Viewing the absence of strong promotional discourse relating to part-time study alongside other factors such as increased tuition fees and the rise of global online education platforms adds a new perspective to the decline of flexible part-time undergraduate HE at campus-based universities in the UK.     

Trading quality across borders: colonial discourse and international quality assurance policies in higher education

Accountability and quality assurance have become central discourses in higher education policy throughout the world. However, accountability and quality assurance involve power and control. Practices and ideas about quality developed in the Global North are spreading rapidly across the Global South, leading to increased uniformity in the approaches to quality assurance. Given the significant asymmetries that divide the Global North and Global South, this article maps interdiscursive relations among key texts that influence policy development on international quality in higher education, and explores the applicability of colonial discourse as a perspective for understanding this increasing international convergence.     

Commercial civil society: A perspective on private higher education in China

Two distinctive paradigms have been used in researching higher education phenomena in China’s process of social transformation. The first might be described as “critical realist,” and the second as “interpretivist.” The book Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities: In the Move to Mass Higher Education, has inclined toward the second paradigm and a central concept is that of “civil society.” However, the authors of this article argue that the concept of “commercial civil society” may better explain the characteristics of Chinese private higher education. Different from civil society that is based on voluntary action and contributions, commercial civil society is characterized by profit making behavior. This article focuses on analyzing the profit making features of Chinese private higher education, and thus aims to supplement the interpretivist analysis presented in the book. The authors believe that the concept of “commercial civil society” not only reflects certain features of the social environment in which Chinese private higher education operates, but may also be helpful for analyzing private higher education phenomena in other countries.