美国导师指导与大学生学业成功研究述评

在美国,自上世纪70年代中期以来关于导师指导在教育、管理和心理学领域日益受到关注,近些年关于导师指导促进大学生,尤其是促进本科生学业成功的研究不断增多。同时为了适应国家对高等教育中导师指导和相应改革措施,对美国导师指导的文献进行梳理,力图重构并更新导师指导的概念和特征,综合并批判性地分析美国近20年发表的有关导师指导大学生的文献,并提出相应建议来改进导师指导的研究。     

英国当代高校本科生学业指导的结构、特点与启示

随着当代英国高校本科生导师制呈现聚焦“学业指导”的发展趋势,伦敦政治经济学院自2015年起按照其教育战略规划全面构建本科生学业指导体系。学校围绕提升学生“研究性教学”参与能力的战略目标明确本科生学业指导的内容框架,形成以学系自治为主的校系管理机制,构建以学业导师、专职学业指导师、学生同辈为主体的多元指导队伍,并借助一体化信息管理系统建设整合本科生学业发展过程管理与过程数据,建立起以问题导向、全员导向、过程导向、学生自主发展导向为特点的指导模式。     

高校本科生学业导师制的实践研究

高校本科生学业导师制是在本科教育阶段实行导师制的一种人才培养制度,是现在中国高校教育中较为流行的一种人文管理方式．本文通过学业导师的实践工作,研究如何做好一名在学生学习生活中起到指导作用的导师,如何在细微之处关心学生、指导学生,如何对学生进行心理疏导,从而达到最佳的“教”与“学”的效果。     

美国高校学业指导模式初探

学业指导的主要职能是指导学生选课并提供相关的课程学习信息。学术界对诊断型指导和发展型指导的看法经历了一个从两极型到混合型的转变过程。在实际的指导实践中,诊断型指导和发展型指导是一个连续体。大多数指导风格都是发展型和诊断型的混合,指导者和被指导者的关系是动态的,阶段性的,而不是确定的。学业指导评估量表在美国高校学业指导的实践中产生了很大作用,很多研究者运用此测量工具对高校的学业指导现状进行评估,同时对学生期待和喜欢的指导模式进行调查,开展全国性的学业指导评估。中国高校的学业指导尚处于初级阶段:重新审视学业指导的内涵,高质量的学业指导,不仅要解决学生的学业问题,教给学生学习方法和策略,还要在指导过程中培养学生的实践创新精神,自我决策能力、价值观和责任感,搭建起适合学生个体成长和发展的指导模式;不间断地关注学生,持续改善学业指导的空间和动力;尝试建立发展性的评估标准,借鉴美国学业指导的成功经验,引入学业指导评估的测量工具,从诊断型和发展型指导的双视角,构建一套全面而明确的学业指导评估标准和考核办法。从学生、指导人员、高校或院系等不同主体建立多元化的评估体系,促使高校学业指导工作不断趋于完善。     

浅谈本科生辅导员与学业导师有效协作机制的建立

通过讨论辅导员与学业导师在当前育人工作中存在的问题．分析二者在工作中有效协作的可行性．并借助纽科姆人际传播理论提出辅导员与学业导师的协作途径。     

低年级本科生学业导师个性化教育方法研究

随着我国高等教育改革的不断深入,学业导师制度在本科教育中逐渐普及,成为当前高校教育中受欢迎的一种管理方式.该制度对改善师生关系、提高学生素质、注重个性发展、培养实践能力、贴近社会人才需求取得较好成效.在这项制度实施的过程中,学业导师是制度的主要操作者和实践者,要对一定数量的学生进行全程化和个性化的指导.指导的内容不仅包括专业学习、科研实践和职业规划,也包括思想政治、日常生活、心理健康等.依据调查数据表明,学业导师制对低年级大学     

实施本科生学业导师思想政治教育机制探索

本科生学业导师制有效地扩大了思想政治教育工作者队伍,有利于思想政治教育工作与实际相结合,提高育人效果。学业导师在思想政治教育工作中则遵循示范、层次、民主、激励等原则,并整合各种教育方法,对学生的学习和成长进行更加全面而有效的指导。     

高校建立专职学业指导队伍及机构的探讨

我国高等教育大众化发展及社会经济发展，使得高校培养目标日益多样化。高等学校的学生遇到的问题和面临的选择也日渐增多，在这样的情况下，使学生接受到专业化的学业规划指导就具有了重要的意义。为此，本文对建立高校专职学业指导队伍及机构进行了探讨，期望通过这一机构和队伍的建立使学生事务管理工作更加完善，学生权益得到发展，同时也能起到促进我国高校教学管理工作，提高我国高校人才培养质量的作用。     

导师指导对硕士研究生教育收获影响的路径分析：学业投入的中介作用

导师指导和学业投入作为硕士研究生培养的环境和个体影响因素,在硕士研究生培养过程中发挥着重要作用。使用A大学硕士研究生质量调查数据,以探究导师指导质量、指导风格对硕士研究生教育收获的影响路径,以及学业投入在其中的中介效应,结果表明：导师指导质量不仅直接正向影响硕士研究生教育收获,还可以通过正向影响研究生的学业投入间接提高学生教育收获;导师尊重型指导风格对研究生教育收获直接影响不显著,但正向影响研究生的学业投入、间接影响研究生教育收获,即导师指导风格通过影响研究生学业投入而影响研究生教育收获。     

Undergraduate Research Mentoring: Obstacles and Opportunities

Researchers and policy-makers in higher education increasingly espouse the view that undergraduate students should have the opportunity to learn about scholarship and research in the context of faculty-mentored research experiences. There is mounting consensus that mentored undergraduate research should be standard pedagogical practice in all undergraduate disciplines. Although high-impact, mentored undergraduate research, scholarship, and creative work (URSCW) requires significant resources, with faculty time and energy foremost among them. This article addresses the current gap between aspiration and effective execution of well-mentored URSCW, including the most prevalent obstacles (e.g. institutional, departmental, individual) to undergraduate mentoring. This article is written for academic leaders and institutional officers. It concludes with several specific recommendations for increasing the frequency of mentored URSCW experiences for undergraduates.     

Peer Mentoring Styles and Their Contribution to Academic Success Among Mentees: A Person-Oriented Study in Higher Education

The purpose of our study was to explore peer mentoring styles and examine their contribution to academic success among mentees. Data were collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation of a peer mentoring program. The sample consisted of 49 mentors (advanced students) who supported 376 mentees (first year students) in small groups. Indicators for peer mentoring styles were constructed using mentee assessments of mentoring functions and mentor quality, and unobtrusive data gathered in an analysis of online mentoring activities and a content analysis of the quality of the online mentoring activities. Using cluster analyses, three distinct mentoring styles were identified: Motivating master mentoring, informatory standard mentoring, and negative minimalist mentoring. Motivating master mentors were shown to have a positive influence on success in the mentoring program among those mentees who failed two preliminary exams. Implications for the training of peer mentors in higher education are discussed.     

Mentoring,Undergraduate Research,and Identity Development: A Conceptual Review and Research Agenda

Mentored undergraduate research has been identified as a high-impact practice that enhances teaching and learning in higher education. It is reported to influence students’ academic, affective, and behavioral outcomes. However, there is only an emerging literature related to student outcomes associated with identity development, specifically students’ personal and professional identities. This integrative literature review examines the intersections and interrelationship across mentoring, undergraduate research, and student identity development. Its results uncover the complexity of the constructs, and their dynamic interrelationship, especially when viewed through the lenses of the sociocultural perspective grounded in the notion of mediated action. Two assumptions undergird this perspective: first, that all investigation takes place at the intersection of these constructs with mediated action, not individuals in isolation, as a unit of analysis; and, second, that any study of identity must focus on an understanding of identity as multiple, dynamic, and situated in personal and cultural contexts (institutional, disciplinary, and external community culture and values). Thus, the sociocultural perspective and its underlying assumptions shape the proposed research agenda. This research agenda has the potential to advance current knowledge related to mentored undergraduate research and the confluence of elements that contribute to student personal and cultural identities (academic, disciplinary, and professional). Findings from this work will inform our understanding of learning and knowledge construction in sociocultural context, and the trajectory of identity development of students engaged in high-impact learning experiences.     

师徒式学术沙龙在研究生教育中的具体应用

近年来盛行于我国众多研究型大学的学术沙龙是研究生教育中一种独特的学术传统,通过对学术沙龙的进一步改造,从中探索出研究生教育的新方法——师徒式学术沙龙。师徒式学术沙龙秉承学术沙龙的优点,同时又发挥导师对研究生教育的规范性和针对性,本文将对师徒式学术沙龙的具体应用进行探究,以期为丰富研究生教育提高研究生质量提供借鉴。     

学业导师制对大学生专业认同的影响机制研究:自我扩张的中介作用

学业导师制日益成为促进大学生学业发展,推动高等教育内涵式发展的重要制度。基于自我扩张理论和特质激活理论,本研究探讨了学业导师制与大学生专业认同的关系及其边界影响。通过对266份有效样本的实证分析表明:学业导师制能有效促进大学生产生专业认同;自我扩张在学业导师制与大学生专业认同之间起完全中介作用;且大学生的核心自我评价在学业导师制与自我扩张之间发挥正向调节作用,即当大学生具有高核心自我评价时,学业导师制更能够激发大学生自我扩张的动机和能力。核心自我评价发挥正向调节学业导师制与自我扩张之间关系的中介作用:当大学生核心自我评价较高时,中介效应更显著。本研究拓展了学业导师制的效果研究,为探明学业导师制对大学生专业认同的影响路径提供了新的理论视角。与此同时,研究结果对于建立和完善学业导师制度,提升高等教育培养效果,针对大学生进行长期职业规划等方面具有重要启示。     

关于本科生学术规范教育问题的思考

本科生的学术规范教育是学术道德和学术伦理培养体系中的基础性环节,在解决当前学术道德和学术规范问题的过程中,本科生的学术规范教育是一个重要的问题。基于对本科生的＂学术＂活动的分析,提出对大学生学术不端行为的理解,对本科生学术规范教育的内容和方式进行思考。     

班级环境、学习方式对中学生学习成功感的影响

采用"学习成功感量表"、"学习方式问卷"和"我的班级问卷"对安徽省、江苏省5所中学15个班级664名中学生进行调查,分析班级环境、学习方式与中学生学习成功感之间的关系。结果显示不同班级环境、不同学习方式中学生学习成功感存在显著差异(F(2,661)=65.830,p<0.001;t=8.508,p<0.001);深层式学习方式对班级环境和学习成功感均有直接的效应,路径系数分别为0.46和0.65;同时通过感知的班级环境对学习成功感产生间接效应,路径系数为0.28。班级环境、学习方式对中学生学习成功感有显著的影响。     

Weaving Together Undergraduate Research, Mentoring of Junior Faculty, and Assessment: The Case of an Interdisciplinary Program

Scholars in teaching and learning value student research and program assessment as strategies to promote excellence in undergraduate education. Yet, in practice, each can be complex and difficult to sustain. This case study demonstrates how undergraduate research, mentoring of junior faculty, and assessment can be integrated in ways that enrich the educational experiences of students and the professional development of faculty and improve research on teaching and learning. The authors describe a lively undergraduate research project that became tied to the mentoring of assistant professors and then to program assessment. We conclude with recommendations for implementing such a project in other academic settings. Elizabeth Thomas is Assistant Professor in the Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences at the University of Washington Bothell. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and teaches courses on inquiry in the social sciences, community psychology, and psychology and the arts. Her research examines sociocultural contexts for learning and development with a particular focus on the role of the arts and the potential of participatory action research strategies. Diane Gillespie is Professor and Associate Director of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences (IAS) at The University of Washington, Bothell, received her Ph.D. at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln in Cultural and Psychological Studies in Education. She teaches multicultural social science courses and qualitative research. Her recent publications explore the importance of narrative for reflective teaching and learning, learning in small groups, and the role of human rights in nonformal education.