共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物,世界半数以上的人口以此为生。我国是籼稻及其杂交稻的种植大国,而水稻与小麦、玉米等 相似文献
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功能基因组学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
当前人类基因组研究的重心正在由“结构”向“功能”转移。一个以基因组功能研究为主要内容的所谓“后基因组时代”(post-genomics),即功能基因组学(functional genomics)时代即将到来。功能基因组学主要研究基因的识别及其功能信息的提取、鉴定和开发利用,涉及生物信息学、计算机生物学和生物医学研究等领域。其成果将深化对基因组遗传语言,基因结构与功能的关系,生命的起源与进化,细胞发育、生长、分化,以及疾病发生、发展的分子机理等问题的理解。功能基因组学的研究还将促进生命科学与数学、物理、化学、信息科学、计算机科学以及自动化技术等学科的交叉融汇,刺激相关学科技术领域的发展。 相似文献
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由于大约70%的基因能够在人的大脑里得到特异性或高水平的表达,“人类后基因组计划”的本质就是开展“脑功能基因组学”的研究。脑功能基因组学的目标是在分子水平上揭示大脑的学习、记忆、思维和认知行为的生理机制,从而为治疗各种脑疾病和开发人类潜能提供理论基础。有鉴于其巨大的应用价值,世界各大制药公司、生物技术公司和大学研究机构纷纷投入巨额资金展开研究。文章系统介绍了脑功能基因组学研究的四大技术平台:基因组学及蛋白组学技术、转基因或基因敲除技术、化学遗传学手段和高密度神经元群体记录技术,重点介绍了利用基因敲除技术构建模式小鼠的四代发展过程。文章最后还提到,中国传统医药在治疗脑疾病方面积累了丰富的实践经验,在“脑功能基因组时代”开发中医药宝库,也是华人科学家应予关注的课题。 相似文献
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细菌是地球上最成功的物种,它们已经在地球上繁衍了30多亿年,它们为后来出现的“高等”动植物塑造了生存环境。无论千差万别的土壤、海洋、大气,还是高温的海底火山口.高盐碱的滩涂、南北极冰冠下的严寒水域,细菌无处不在。它们构成地球上“活物”质量的一半或更多。即使人类把环境破坏到子孙后代无以为继,细菌们还会愉快地生活成十上百亿年。 相似文献
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中国水稻品种改良以及对水稻生产的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
李海明 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2007,24(1):1-8
本文分析了中国25个水稻主产省主要种植的水稻品种,探讨我国水稻品种改良进程和水稻品种性状的变化,并采用水稻成本数据研究品种改良对水稻生产的贡献。结果表明我国品种改良获得了巨大的成功,对水稻生产贡献份额达30%。与20年前相比,水稻审定的品种个数增加了1.5倍。抗病虫害品种的种植面积提高了10%;优质品种的种植面积增加了50%。然而,从90年代中后期品种改良对水稻生产的贡献逐渐下降。鉴于此,政府应鼓励育种人员进一步发掘优异种质,提高水稻育种水平,突破目前单产停滞不前的现象,从而更好的为水稻生产服务。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2018,(1)
正Since a decade ago,the field of ancient DNA has flourished,with unprecedented success in sequencing genome-wide data from ancient specimens.The majority of the research has focused on past humans,both modern ones with a close relationship to one or more present-day populations as well as archaic ones that no longer live today,such as Neanderthals.With a growing pool of genomic data from past 相似文献
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Franky D. Shah Rasheedunnisa Begum Bhairavi N. Vajaria Kinjal R. Patel Jayendra B. Patel Shilin N. Shukla Prabhudas S. Patel 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(4):326-334
Oral cancer has emerged as an alarming public health problem with increasing incidence and mortality rates all over the world.
Therefore, the implementation of newer screening and early detection approaches are of utmost importance which could reduce
the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Sensitive and specific biomarkers for oral cancer are likely to
be most effective for screening, diagnosis, staging and follow-up for this dreaded malignancy. Unlike other deep cancers,
oral cancer is located in oral cavity. Hence, the direct contact between saliva and oral cancer lesion makes the measurement
of tumor markers in saliva an attractive alternative to serum and tissue testing. The DNA, RNA and protein molecules derived
from the living cancer cells can be conveniently obtained from saliva. Thus, salivary biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative
to serum and tissue-based biomarkers may be an effective modality for early diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring post
therapy status. In the current post-genomic era, various technologies provide opportunities for high-throughput approaches
to genomics and proteomics; which have been used to evaluate altered expressions of gene and protein targets in saliva of
oral cancer patients. The emerging field of salivary biomarkers has great potentials to prove its clinical significance to
combat oral cancer. Hence, we have reviewed importance of several salivary genomics and proteomics biomarkers for oral cancer. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(2)
Dr. Yang Weiping has been appointed executive vice director-general of the CAS Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG). He obtained his B.S. degree in biology from Hebei Normal University in 1985, and his PhD in ecology from the CAS Institute of Zoology (IOZ) in 1996. He went to the US in 1998 for six-month training in biology diversity information system management and in 2000 he became a professor of IOZ. Afterwards he went to UK for an advanced study in project administration and organization management. ... 相似文献