小语阅读有效教学设计浅谈

有效课堂教学设计是实现有效课堂教学的前提。阅读教学设计是阅读课堂教学的预设安排，是教师在正确、适度、恰当的文本解读基础上．运用多维关照的意识，选择恰当的教学策略，安排有效的教学流程，最终实现课堂教学预设安排的科学化和有效化。现就如何实现小语阅读教学有效设计，谈几点粗浅的认识。     

语文课堂教学创新的几个环节

课堂教学是学生获取知识的主要途径。初中语文课堂教学,必须在下述的四个方面做好创新：一．课前备课知识资料准备要全面;二．课中教学过程设计要精心;三．合理的安排课堂活动;四．有效地结束课堂的教学。     

浅议课堂教学讨论的有效策略

主体活动问题是当前新课程教学改革的一个热点,其中课堂教学合作讨论就是体现主体活动的一个重要方面．当前,新课改正在如火如荼地进行着,很多观摩课例中几乎都安排有讨论这一环节．但大多数农村中学,课堂教学讨论却组织不起来,当老师安排讨论时,大多数学生不敢出声。只是装模作样在看书或在写写画画,课堂讨论只是流于形式,既浪费时间,收效也不大．那如何改变这种状况,能让学生在课堂上大胆地“开口”讨论呢？下面我就自己的教学实践,谈谈让学生积极讨论的策略．     

运用信息反馈优化课堂教学初探

要想实现教学效果的优化,“反馈”是教学过程中的重要环节之一．因此教者应在教学过程中及时掌握反馈信息,并据此对教学行为进行合理的调节、安排．课堂教学中的信息反馈主要来自学生的语言反馈、体态反馈、作业反馈和测试反馈等几个方面．那么如何运用信息反馈优化课堂教学呢？     

如何提高中学英语备课有效性

正所谓“凡事预则立,不预则废。”每一堂优质成功的课堂教学绝对不是偶然的．而是在很大程度上取决于备课。在大力提倡课堂动态生成的形势下．预设同样至关重要。只有充分备课．才能在教学中更好地安排各个教学环节．在有限的课堂教学时间内．使学生始终保持高涨的学习热情、集中的注意力．使学生展开主动而积极的学习活动．让学生学有兴趣．学有成效。那么在英语教学中如何有效备课．为课堂教学的成功打下坚实的基础呢？对此我主要从以下几个方面进行．     

初中英语课堂教学结构的合理安排

初中英语课堂教学结构合理安排有利于发挥教学目标引导、过程深化和资源升华的作用。打造富有层次性和深广度的英语教学课堂。围绕教学目标设计、任务步骤优化、课程总结反思来突出结构优化,有助于培养学生自主学习和主动探究的良好学习习惯。从课堂教学结构有效安排中探寻科学合理教学策略．对提高课堂教学效率和质量具有不可替代的重要作用。     

课内减轻学生负担之我见

本文就减轻学生过重的课业负担谈点粗浅的认识。 一、优化课堂教学过程,提高教学效率 要切实减轻学生过重的课业负担,就必须在有限的课堂教学时间内,科学地投计各个教学环节,充分发挥课堂教学的整体功能。 １．根据教学实际安排适当的教学容量。教学过程是教师输出和学生接受信息的过程,而信息输出量的多少,接受度的大小,都影响着教学效果和效率。因此,教师要根据教学大纲的要求,结合学生实际,有弹性地安排教学内容,使信息输出量达到学生理想的数量和质量。 ２．根据教学内容优化教学结构。课堂教学结构一般包括：复习旧课．引入…     

中学语文创新教学的有效尝试

在新课标下．中学语文教学活动的开展应更严格认真．．认真阅读新课标的要求．可以概括总结为科学指导学生“学”的活动以及教师“教”的活动．这些要求的目的可以概括为提高教学效率．提升教学质量。这些要求的实现和达成需要教师能够将课堂教学工作开展得更加有新意．能够充分利用点点滴滴的课堂教学时间．能够合理有效地安排整个课堂教学活动．帮助学生提高自己的创新和实践能力．使学生的语文素养可以全面提升。     

聊天室

美术课堂教学是传授美术知识和技能．实施艺术素质教育的主要场所美术课堂教学是教师根据美术教学大纲规定的教学内容和相应的教材的安排．选择适当的教学方式对学生进行知识传授和素质教育的一种重要的教学活动。     

从课堂教学看大学语文教学改革

从课堂教学角度来看大学语文的教学改革,需要教师根据学校课程安排情况,不断改革教学内容、教学手段和评价方式,通过强化对学生的人文教育、延展阅读面、开放课堂教学内容、充分发挥多媒体优势和专题教学等方式．调动学生自主学习的兴趣．提高综合能力．实现素质教育的目的。     

Learning in the workplace for garage mechanics and technicians

Employees in technical firms, like garages, need more and more formations. Due to the very fast innovation in technology, lifelong learning is a real need for these labour forces. On the other hand, there are the needed formations very specialized and expensive. Another problem employers faced in these economical sectors in Western Europe is the lack of candidates. Also in secondary education schools, the wide interest for these formations is decreasing. One of the factors causes this problem is that schools don＇t have enough money for investing in new and high-tech machines. Therefore two interreg projects were submitted and approved for financing. Interreg is an initiative of the European Union meant for the permanent development of the ＂European Space＂. The third phase of interreg means enhancing the economic and social cohesion within the European Union. In this paper, we describe two successful projects, namely Autoweb and V@K, which try to help employers, employees, schools and students to keep up with the high-tech innovations with a workplace-based e-learning program.     

概念图在高中生物复习总结中应用的初探

高中生物复习课教学是师生双方从新的视角对所学知识进行系统梳理、深化、拓宽及灵活应用的教与学的过程．应用概念图可以有效地组织课程内容,激发学生自主构建生物学知识体系,使知识概括化、网络化,并能灵活地迁移．     

Laser-based manufacturing concepts for efficient production of tailor welded sheet metals

Laser welding is an established manufacturing technology for a large variety of automotive applications due to its attractive properties such as low heat input, high precision and fast welding speed. Especially when welding high strength steels, which are dominantly used in today＇s car body construction, the low heat input by laser welding bears significant advantages with regard to the properties of the weld seam. The exploitation of the full application potential of laser welding in mass production requires an appropriate manufacturing concept and corresponding auxiliary technologies. The present paper demonstrates the integration of laser welding into the surrounding manu- facturing concepts by a modular setup with different levels of automation. This approach offers flexible solutions for individual needs thereby optimizing investment cost, labor cost and productivity. Recently available laser sources enable exceptionally high welding speed on thin gauged sheet metals but require efficient material handling con- cepts to utilize the full speed potential. Industrial concepts are presented offering efficient material handling and high process robustness for mass production welding.     

Accessibility in post secondary education： Application of UDL to college curriculum

The inclusion of students with disabilities at the university is a relatively new occurrence in the field of special education. Although legislation in the United States has supported the acceptance of students with disabilities at the post-secondary level, it has only provided minimal support with the emphasis on the learner rather than the curriculum. Now we are looking for multiple ways for students to access learning and demonstrate mastery. Universal Design for Learning （UDL） is currently seen as a means to reconceptionalize curriculum. This study examines the experience of four professors and their effort to use a Classroom Performance System （CPS） as part of reformatting their courses using UDL. The Center for Applied Special Technology, CAST （2001） states that the goal of Universal Design for Learning is to develop teaching methods that enable all students with diverse learning needs, including those with disabilities and cultural differences, to have equal access to classroom curriculum. This paradigm shift echoes the move in special education from a deficit model to a minority rights model put forward by Hahn （1989）, and which is the basis of inclusive educational philosophy. Together inclusion and UDL create learning environments that strive to serve all students. This research describes the implementation of clickers as part of the CPS program in college courses in a special education teacher preparation program. The case study demonstrates how technology can provide access for all learners with positive outcomes such as increased participation and application of knowledge. It also illustrates some of the difficulties in making this pedagogical paradigm shift particularly in the use of technology, and the value of overcoming the existing barriers in place.     

Correlation between process parameters and primary dendrite arm spacing in laser welding of Cu and Al

A combined numerical model of thermal field and the primary dendrite arm spacing （PDAS） was proposed to correlate the process parameters and PDAS in laser welding of Cu and A1. The solidification parameters simulated by the finite volume method with commercial software ANASYS FLUENT were applied in the PDAS model to predict the dendrite arm spacing of fusion zone. Dendrite was also examined by the metallographic method to validate the model. Results indicate that the calculated PDAS agrees with metallographic measurements reasonably, especially the Hunt model. PDAS increases apparently with increasing laser power while decreases slightly with increasing welding speed. Increasing laser power increases the secondary dendrite and increasing welding speed increases the microporosity in dendrite.     

The quantifying analysis of effectiveness of music learning through the Dalcroze musical method

Movement activities can be used to integrate with any other curriculum in childhood education. The movements can inspire the sense of rhythmic concepts for children. This study aims at investigating how children can be motivated and inspired rhythmically by body movement through Dalcroze approach. In this research, the author revealed how physical movements can motivate children＇s potential sense of rhythm and inspire children＇s interest of musical rhythmic concepts learning. The study was conducted with 1000 primary school 6th grade students from twenty primary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. These 1000 6th grade students have the same age, same music syllabus and have equally same music training at their schools. The 1000 students were divided into two equal groups, one having different activities of body movements at school, and the other without. The different activities included tapping, swinging, clapping, turning, and stamping simple rhythms. The experiments consisted two parts which were rhythm dictation and improvisational skills. All the participants were equally given the pre-test and post-test as evidences of progress of the experiment, and the researcher then compared with the differences of the two tests of the two groups before and after the experiment to see if there were any progress in their learning of musical rhythms. The study lasted 6 months and consisted of three stages： observation, comparison, and analysis. The author observed and compared the two groups of students, analyzed the results and found out that the two groups demonstrated obvious differences in their degree of progress on learning of musical rhythms.     

中学生物教学合理运用多媒体技术的探讨

如何充分发挥多媒体辅助教学的优势，将多媒体技术合理运用于中学生物教学，以取得最佳教学效果，是值得深入探讨的课题．在农村中学高中生物学教学过程中，对新授课、复习课以及实验课等3种课型教学进行了对照试验，认为对抽象知识教学及系统复习课运用多媒体手段效果较佳，但多媒体课件演示不能替代学生实验操作技能的训练．     

Same vague expression, different conceptualizations

The study was to investigate the vague words measurement across native and non-native English speakers and gender differences. Ninety-two students from the University of Oklahoma participated in this study by filling out an internet-based questionnaire on the vague words. The researchers put each of the thirty-two vague words in a context, or the same word put into different contexts. The participants were asked to rate the degree or the numerical value that they thought was the most appropriate in the context of the vague word. It was found that ten out of the thirty-two words had a significant difference across the native and non-native English speakers, and two of thirty-two words had a significant difference across genders. The word ＂fairly＂ showed the most significant difference interactions of language speaking by gender.     

Crystal structure and formation mechanism of the secondary phase in Heusler Ni-Mn-Sn-Co materials

In the present work, crystal structure and for- mation mechanism of the secondary phase in Heusler Ni- Mn-Sn-Co materials were investigated using X-ray dif- fraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction techniques. Experimental results showed that the secondary phase presented in both Ni44.1Mn35.1Sn10.8Co10 as-cast bulk alloy and melt-spun ribbon, possessing a face-centered cubic （fcc） NilTSn3-type structure. The secondary phase in the as-cast bulk alloy was resulted from a eutectic reaction after the formation of a primary dendritic flphase during cooling. However in the melt-spun rapidly solidified ribbon, the secondary phase was largely suppressed as nano-precipitates distributed along the grain boundaries, which was attributed to a divorced eutectic reaction. The secondary phase exhibited partial amorphous state due to high local cooling rate.