学术期刊众包同行评审模式研究

文章介绍学术期刊众包同行评审模式的概念和运行模式,分析其主要优势和局限性,总结众包同行评审的执行难点,并给出解决建议.文章提出,众包同行评审可以有效缩短审稿周期、减少学术不端行为、促进审稿意见更加全面均衡,同时还可以提高审稿人水平.众包同行评审模式可作为传统同行评审模式的替代和补充,对我国科技期刊审稿周期过长的瓶颈问题有较明显的改善作用,可作为我国科技期刊审稿制度优化改革的参考模式.     

区块链技术在同行评审领域的应用研究

随着同行评审环节在学术出版领域中的作用愈发重要,同行评审相关问题愈发突出.本文通过对国外传统出版商或学术机构建立的同行评审平台和基于区块链技术的同行评审平台进行网络调研,并结合文献调研等方式发现传统同行评审环节存在评审专家信息难以共享、同行评审流程管理不完善、评审专家个人隐私难以保护、同行评审考核评价机制不健全等问题.区块链技术在同行评审领域的应用具有较高的可行性,其共识机制、可追溯性、加密机制和去中心化等技术特征可以有效地解决当下同行评审环节存在的问题,从而提出基于区块链技术的同行评审突围策略.     

多媒介融合出版条件下学术期刊同行评审制度的发展

为了分析多媒介融合出版技术对学术期刊同行评审制度的影响,为我国实施同行评审制度改革提供不同的选择途径,文章分析了传统学术期刊同行评审制度实施过程中遭遇的挑战和存在的问题,包括来自投稿数量的增加,来自非学术因素的干扰和传统评审制度自身的弊端.总结国内外重要期刊进行同行评审制度创新的模式,主要有开放同行评审、出版后同行评审和标准化同行评审等形式.认为:办刊人要充分利用多媒介融合出版技术下同行评审制度开放性、互动性、高效性的特点,创新中国学术期刊的同行评审制度,加强对同行评审制度的文化研究,强化同行评审的质量控制,以提高我国学术期刊的质量.     

同行评审意见类型识别及其在不同被引频次下的分布研究

[目的/意义]识别学术论文同行评审意见类型、分析不同被引频次下同行评审意见类型在同行评审报告中的分布情况,有助于加深对同行评议机制的认识,为评估论文学术质量、量化评审专家贡献提供新思路。[方法/过程]首先,将同行评审意见类型划分为正面评价、负面评价、要求/建议(主、次要方面)、问题/疑问、陈述六个类别,经人工标注、获取训练、测试语料后,对比分析传统机器学习模型、深度学习模型在同行评审意见类型自动识别上的效果;其次,将同行评审报告涉及的学术论文进行主题聚类,进而对被引频次进行标准化处理;最后,使用Spearman相关系数、累积分布、K-S检验、负二项回归分析不同被引频次学术论文对应的同行评审报告中同行评审意见类型的分布情况。[结果/结论]SciBert模型识别效果最佳;在基于Spearman的相关性分析中,评审报告中正面评价的分布占比与被引频次具有显著的弱正相关,负面评价的分布占比与被引频次具有显著的弱负相关;通过累计分布发现,多数情况下,当累积概率相同时,高被引分区中正面评价的分布占比大于低被引分区、负面评价的分布占比小于低被引分区,K-S检验能够检测到这种差异;在负二项回归分析中,正面评价分布占比、负面评价分布占比分别对被引频次有显著的正向影响、负向影响。研究结果表明,同行评审报告中正面评价、负面评价的分布情况与其对应论文的被引频次存在相关性,被引频次一定程度上能够反映论文的学术质量。     

典型学术丑闻折射下同行评审的关键问题及其应对策略

基于发生在权威期刊的几桩典型学术丑闻,探讨同行评审如何系统性地应对学术论文不端行为。回顾性提炼丑闻事件的重要节点,从速度、数量、质量和评价标准4个维度来综合分析同行评审存在的关键问题;提出应在战略和技术层面上重新构建学术出版中的同行评审体系:明确同行评审中的各方责任,利用网络信息技术收集并开放数据。一个明确、健全和开放的同行评审体系有助于系统性地防范学术不端,提高同行评审质量。     

“互联网+”时代医学期刊同行评审问题探析及质量控制

同行评审作为国际上医学期刊惯用的一种审稿机制,是保障医学期刊质量的关键环节。在“互联网+”时代,如何巧妙地借助互联网的力量,来提高医学期刊同行评审质量,值得深思。笔者在分析医学期刊同行评审问题的基础上,提出了利用互联网信息优势对评审者进行信息审查和身份识别,建立同行评审评价体系和同行评审专家数据库动态化管理机制,并创新同行评审方式等质量控制方法,以期提高医学期刊的同行评审质量,促进医学期刊的可持续发展。     

基于网络文献计量的科技论文学术影响力综合评价研究

基于引文评价与同行评审方法相结合进行论文评价的思路,利用F1000数据库随机获取同行评审指标论文131篇,利用WoS、JCR、ESI及ImpactStory检索工具获取每篇论文的常用网络计量指标,探讨与同行评价相关联的网络计量指标,并将其替代同行评价纳入学术影响力综合评价模型。研究结果显示,综合评价能弥补单一类型指标评价的缺陷,实际的计量评价中采用相对指标和标准化处理,可以消除不同学科领域的影响因素和期刊数量的差异性,使评价具有跨学科、跨时间的可比性,通过对指标间相关性和相似性分析,可简化、替代或扩展指标。通过调整指标权重,突出同行评审在评价模型中作用,并具有一定的可操作性。     

同行评议过程中审稿人的不同选择方式及审稿结果比较

同行评议的缺陷无论在评审质量还是评审速度方面,很大程度上取决于如何选择评审专家。本文分析了我国科技期刊同行评议环节选择评审专家时存在的问题,针对这些问题给出了改进的建议,还提出了对于交叉研究领域的快速有效的高质量的审稿模式——小组审稿。     

同行评审的新趋势

为避免传统同行评审形式出现的诸多弊端,学术出版界不断探索新的同行评议方法,出现了诸多的创新。本文主要对当前正在尝试的新兴同行评审方法进行调查,并介绍相关经验。这些创新方法包括开放性同行评审、非选择性同行评审、开放预审稿件的公众评审、便携式同行评审、反弹式同行评审、背书式同行评审。调查结果显示,同行评审实践发生了巨大的变化,与互联网革命和开放获取出版紧密相关,科学出版商为作者提供了更多的选择,新的同行评议形式为学术交流注入了新的活力。     

PeerJ的网络出版新模式及其对我国开放存取期刊的启示

PeerJ作为一种网络出版的新模式,其内容包括终身免收论文发表费的作者会员制、鼓励公开责任编辑和同行评审专家姓名和评审内容、缩短发表周期、影响力提升策略、基于网络的文章层次的评价指标,以及论文预印服务等,总结这一出版新模式的成功经验,对于克服我国OA出版办刊模式存在的弊端,完善我国学术期刊OA出版具有很好的借鉴作用.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

基于文献时间特征的学科主题演化分析方法研究 ——以图书情报学领域为例

在分析文献在不同研究阶段用词时间特征的倾向性基础上,提出一种基于主题模型的研究发展阶段识别方法。重点阐述该方法的构建过程,包括时间特征抽取、发展阶段界定、主题冷热变化分析等步骤。为验证该方法的有效性,针对词频统计法和主题模型方法在主题演化分析中的效果进行比较分析。结果表明,该方法能在识别主题热点和发展趋势的同时,有效地区分不同主题所反映的研究发展阶段。     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.