博士研究生教育质量状况调查报告(博士生导师卷)

从保障博士研究生教育质量的角度出发,课题组对华东地区某师范大学的在校博士生导师进行了文件调查。调查显示,随着高等教育的跨越式发展,入学选拔、培养过程和学位授予等影响博士生教育质量的环节有待进一步改进。     

制约我国博士生培养质量的若干制度因素分析

文章主要从我国博士生教育的学术环境、招生制度、学习年限、课程学习、资格考试、发表论文、学科专业、导师队伍、研究生院等方面,论述了制约我国博士生培养质量的若干制度因素。     

学术型博士研究生教育中的课程建设方略研究

课程在新时期保障学术型博士生培养质量、应对环境变化引发的各种挑战时具有独特的价值,是促进学术型博士生掌握高深知识、提高学术能力、养成学术品质的重要工具。基于学术创新人才这一培养目标,学术型博士生课程建设应遵循卓越性、动态开放性、规范性、个性化等原则,其课程目标设置应包括对基本的学术创新素质的要求,课程结构应体现系统性和灵活性,课程内容应体现专深性与开放性,课程教学方式应体现探索性与引导性。     

Practitioner-centred research and the Ph.D.

This paper is about Ph.Ds, practitioner-centred research and action learning. The aim of this paper is to help develop a framework for those completing doctorates based on action learning. The paper explores relationships between the personal learning of action learning participants and the public knowledge associated with conventional research. It concludes that the new professional doctorates based on action learning offer a way of integrating evidence-based practice with practice-based evidence.     

The Ph.D. versus the Ed.D.: Time for a decision

In this study, U.S. institutions that offer doctoral programs in education were surveyed and institutional catalogues of the past decade were reviewed to determine trends regarding the Ph.D. versus the Ed.D. Results of the study showed that (a) there is no clear institutional movement toward one degree title or the other; (b) research universities are increasingly reluctant and comprehensive colleges and universities are increasingly likely to offer the Ed.D. as their only doctoral degree title, and (c) requirements for the two doctoral titles are remarkably similar, including competencies in research and statistics. Findings are discussed in relation to three common positions of those who favor the Ed.D. over the Ph.D.: (a) the professional school argument, (b) the unification argument, and (c) the autonomy argument. The article concludes with a call for increased national dialogue to strengthen the education profession by reducing confusion between its two doctoral degree titles.Russell T. Osguthorpe, Associate Dean of Brigham Young University's College of Education, has done research in special education, instructional design and technology, and teacher education. He is presently responsible for graduate programs, research, and technology in the College. Dr. Osguthorpe received his education at Brigham Young University. Mei Jiuan Wong, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Instructional Science, Brigham Young University, has done research on instructional design and technology and teacher education. She is currently completing her dissertation on decision making in instructional design.     

关于我国博士生培养模式的点滴思考

《学位条例》颁布以来,博士生教育一直受到特别关注,但我国博士生培养无论在基础理论还是在创新性方面都存在相当多的问题,这两方面的问题都与博士生培养模式相关联。通过借鉴美国、德闻、英国等发达国家培养博士生的经验,在我国学位与研究生制度的框架内,界定了“条件成熟学科”的具体涵义,并探讨了在“条件成熟的学科”重新建立一种新的博士生培养模式的必要性和可能性。     

Foreign Languages and the Ph.D. Degree

The need for a knowledge of foreign languages by the leaders in scientific research is discussed. It is argued that if one language is started in school and a second one in college, fluency in both may be achieved before entering graduate school. This avoids the waste of valuable time by Ph.D. candidates who are far beyond the age when languages are easily learned. Engineering colleges are urged to adjust their requirements and curricula to implement this proposal.     

Tanzanian Education in the Nineties: beyond the diploma disease

In the 1970s, policies restricting the growth of post‐primary education and guaranteeing government employment for the few graduates limited the spread of the ‘diploma disease’ in Tanzania. The economic crisis of the 1980s meant growing underfund‐ing of education, which, combined with bureaucratic inefficiency and corruption, has led to the collapse of educational quality. Consequently, the majority rural poor have increasingly turned away from formal schooling, while the urban middle class continue to compete through education for the limited number of modem‐sector jobs. Liberalisation has resulted in rapid informalisation of the economy and the shrinkage of the public sector. But, just as previous reforms were unsuccessful in promoting rural development, so the present education system is incapable of promoting self‐employment in the informal sector. Dore predicted that, as a ‘late developer’, Tanzania would suffer an acute attack of certification sickness. That the symptoms are only now appearing among a relatively small segment of the population suggests, perhaps, that Tanzania is an even later developer than Dore imagined.     

原来博士是这样的

孙敏的伯伯是博士 最近我们班转来了一个新同学孙敏,到我们班没多久,大家就对他羡慕得不得了,一个重要的原因就是孙敏的伯伯是一位博士。我们学校是位于上海的“下只角”的一所普通初级中学,学生的家长大都文化程度较低,全班四十五位学生中只有一位家长     

Influences on the career accomplishments of Ph.D.'s

Six samples of Ph.D. recipients 3, 5, and 13 years after receiving the doctorate are examined for academic and personal characteristics associated with the career accomplishments of professional productivity and income. Both academic and nonacademic careers are included; the samples are professionals in chemistry, history, psychology, and the physical, biological, and social sciences. In general, the results suggest that academic ability and quality of the Ph.D. program influence job settings and responsibilities, which in turn directly influence both productivity and income. Number of years since the degree also is consistently related to both outcome measures.     

学术型博士生培养目标定位及其素质结构研究

学术型博士生培养目标的定位,随着社会发展和学术型博士生教育自身的发展而不断进行调整和变革。基于历史溯源和现实考证可见:学术创新人才是我国学术型博士生培养目标定位的现实选择,这类人才以高深知识为工作对象,以学术创新为目的,具有"学者"的基本素质:坚实的知识基础,包括系统扎实的专业知识、规范科学的研究方法知识、广博宽厚的跨学科知识;卓越的学术能力,包括独立的探究意识、丰富的想象力和理性批判能力;以学术为志业的品质,包括独立人格、对学术的热情、忠诚于学术及坚强的意志力和敢于冒险的精神。     

我观博士生的培养

提高博士生培养质量和创新能力涉及学校、导师和研究生三个方面,以下就这三方面问题谈谈我们的看法. 1.研究生扩招和学制改革 最近我们在校内进行了一次问卷调查,51%的同学认为,提高研究生比例会对建设世界一流大学有利,但同时又有45%的同学认为,扩大招生规模显然会对建设世界一流大学起消极阻碍作用.这一结果说明,我们并不认同纯粹为扩招而扩招,它给我们的感觉只是单纯的研究生人数的增加,而没有考虑到科研条件、导师资源等一系列配套设施的齐头并进.     

论博士研究生创新能力的培养——以燕山大学博士研究生为例

分析了我国博士生在科研能力、论文质量和组织协调能力等方面创新能力的现状,据此提出一系列提高博士研究生创新能力的措施,包括培养良好的学术环境、优化课程设置、加强导师队伍建设以及扩大与外界交往等方面。     

博士生导师队伍机制化建设阐释

博士研究生教育是我国学历教育的最高层次。加强博士生导师队伍机制化建设,逐步完善其遴选机制、保障和激励机制、竞争和考核机制、监督和淘汰机制,是提高博士研究生培养质量的可靠保证。     

博士学位论文同行评议的实证分析及探索性建议

博士学位论文应经同行评议,这是我国学位条例的规定,也是各高校的通行做法。同行评议方式一般分为两种：由院系组织的明审和由校研究生管理部门组织的盲审。盲审因其规避了人情、关系等因素干扰获得优势,但也存在着因评议人对学科熟悉度的差异等原因而产生误判、错判的问题。本文通过对某高校近两年博士学位论文的同行评议数据进行比较、分析,认为最好的解决路径应是完善制度设计,从而更好地体现两者的价值。     

博士生求学动机类型的实证研究

通过使用自编《博士生求学动机调查问卷》,运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对某“985工程”大学博士生的求学动机类型进行了考察.研究表明:博士生求学动机主要分为社会驱动型、工作驱动型、学术驱动型和理想驱动型这4种类型.学术驱动型和理想驱动型是当前博士生王导性求学动机类型.